{"title":"Theory of the Filmic: Classical Interpretation of Chinese Film Aesthetics","authors":"Leilei Jia","doi":"10.1515/jcfs-2023-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jcfs-2023-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract When linking Chinese film theory with traditional Chinese aesthetics, it is worth considering that the core categories of ancient Chinese aesthetics ought to be incorporated into a film paradigm that includes the meaning of film itself and it should not just be the way of transplanting the concepts of ancient Chinese literature directly into the system of film theory, for example, introducing the concepts of poetry, painting and opera directly into the evaluation system of films. For this reason, the author expects to establish a core concept in Chinese film aesthetics as an aesthetic category that may be considered to be parallel to the poetic, the pictorial and the calligraphic: this concept is named ‘the Filmic’.","PeriodicalId":342453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Film Studies","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133962234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of Association: New Thinking on “Exposition, Comparison, Association” in Films","authors":"Haizhou Wang, Jian Yu","doi":"10.1515/jcfs-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jcfs-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Crucial to the exploration of the nationalization of Chinese films, the concept of exposition (赋 fu), comparison (比 bi), and association (兴 xing) in films has gained much significance. While these concepts still need refining, an in-depth exploration of the terms is still necessary. This article reviews the theoretical term exposition, comparison, association, and argues that it should not be treated simply as pure rhetorical discourse. In particular, any interpretation of association should address the historical and cultural context of early Chinese society, and the early analogical thinking implied in association should be taken as an entry point for exploring the ambiguous ideographic role revealed by this aesthetic concept and extend it to film studies, so as to capture the unique image thinking in Chinese films and other Eastern cinema, which differs from the aesthetic logic of Western films.","PeriodicalId":342453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Film Studies","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131782697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Perspectives on Narrative Time in Chinese Cinema","authors":"Haizhou Wang, Ming Ding","doi":"10.1515/jcfs-2023-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jcfs-2023-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The unique view of time rooted in traditional Chinese culture is distinct from that of Western countries. In the Eastern perspective, eternity and evanescence are unified in the axiom: “The passage of time is like flowing water.” This concept also creates a different perspective on narrative time in Chinese films, compared with Western films. In the Chinese perspective, firstly, traditional laws of time are fully respected, and the four seasons, solar terms, and festivals are often seen as time nodes; secondly, a nationally imagined unity of time and space is followed, and expressions of time are likely to be integrated into artistic images such as objects, weather phenomena, and natural landscapes; thirdly, the cognitive laws of nature are respected whereby the linear or circumferential track is adopted and therefore a sense of leisure comes up in resonance; finally, the time scale is based on perception, and Chinese aesthetic style is thus construed while fulfilling the needs of narrative.","PeriodicalId":342453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Film Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129633313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of China’s Film Industry in 2022","authors":"Hong-Yan Yin, Haoyue Xu","doi":"10.1515/jcfs-2023-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jcfs-2023-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In 2022, the COVID-19 epidemic significantly affected the effective supply of films in China, whereby the market fluctuated, and box-office sales decreased. However, China’s resilient film industry continued to persevere with quality products being released. New government policies were launched to help the industry’s enterprises alleviate their difficulties. Due to these policies, film enterprises endured to reduce costs, increase efficiency, and survive the difficult times. While the top-grossing films supported the market, a number of small and medium budget films were successful, with the reputation of young filmmakers growing rapidly. Creating healthy industry ecology, rebuilding the confidence of practitioners, giving full play to the main role of the market, increasing the effective supply of diversified products, and promoting the vertical and horizontal integration of film within other industries are of great significance to the recovery of both the Chinese film industry and its market in the post-epidemic period.","PeriodicalId":342453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Film Studies","volume":"385 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116255428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jinxed by Incantation? Contemporary Chinese Netizens’ Reactions to a Horror Film","authors":"Aiqing Wang","doi":"10.1515/jcfs-2022-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jcfs-2022-0036","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Incantation is a horror film released in the Republic of China (Taiwan) in March 2022, which is inspired by a real-life story and features a woman’s rescue of her six-year-old daughter after the latter is cursed by an abhorrent deity with occult powers. This film is adulated as one of the scariest Taiwanese films and attained prodigious commercial success. Nonetheless, in mainland China, Incantation is regarded as more of a contentious film than a fearsome one: audiences’ prevalent feedback is that they feel jinxed and offended, as indicated by their complaints on social media platforms as well as reviewing and question-and-answer websites. The primary reason lies in that the film’s heroine breaks the fourth wall and addresses audiences directly, which is further intensified by the film’s mockumentary shooting style and found-footage technique. In this research, I explore the rationale behind Chinese audiences’ negative and emotional comments on Incantation from a viewer’s perspective, by means of investigating their self-initiated comments and user-generated responses in China’s cyberspace, focusing on feedback posted on Weibo, Douban and Zhihu. Data cumulated from these sources manifest Chinese netizens’ mindset concerning contentious religious/supernatural discourse in cyberspace as well as their rationality towards superstitious constructs.","PeriodicalId":342453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Film Studies","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128975127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“Home, Sweet Home”: Identity and Diaspora in Bai Jing-rui’s Qiong Yao Films","authors":"Xuelin Zhou","doi":"10.1515/jcfs-2022-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jcfs-2022-0034","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper discusses the Qiong Yao films directed by Bai Jing-rui in the 1970s, arguing that these romantic dramas took a proactive part in representing a cultural identity in Taiwan society of the time. The paper investigates how various issues, such as “home”, nationhood and diaspora, are treated in the films. In the process, the paper situates the filmic discussion in the wider context of a highly politicised environment in general and the industrial discourses of “healthy realism” and “healthy variety-show” in particular. The paper proposes that Bai Jing-rui’s Qiong Yao films grew out of a push-and-pull between three elements: (1) the authorities that wanted to promote certain moral and political messages; (2) Bai Jing-rui as an auteur strongly committed to the art of filmmaking; and (3) the audience at large whose support was needed to sustain a film industry. The paper gives close attention to how Bai’s Qiong Yao films tried various ways of reconciling those competing forces. As case studies, the paper examines closely two of Bai Jing-rui’s Girl Friend (1975) and Far Away from Home (1977) to show how they blended modernity with nativism in articulating a sense of cultural identity.","PeriodicalId":342453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Film Studies","volume":"203 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114232526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Revisionist Reading of The Goddess: Visual Narrative Power in Chinese Silent Cinema","authors":"K. K. Ng","doi":"10.1515/jcfs-2021-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jcfs-2021-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article argues for a revisionist reading of The Goddess to redirect critical attention to its film form and narrative style. Yet, it also explores the social-economic and technological conditions of filmmaking in early Chinese cinema that circumvented the filmmaker’s aesthetic choices and devices. A political reading of the film within either the leftist-progressive or nationalist agenda is inadequate in explicating the film’s narrative capacity and affective power in engaging social commentary. Reading The Goddess as a Chinese manifestation of Hollywood’s maternal melodrama has equally dismissed the film’s contestation of the complex political and ideological discourses in which it was produced. Inspired by a neoformalist approach to studying film form and social reality, this article articulates the working of Wu Yonggang’s cinematic style as a crafted combination of artistic choices and interventions, which are made within the classical Hollywood paradigm and Soviet montage, to define an early Chinese cinematic language that is specific to 1930s Shanghai film industry and Chinese society, the filmmaker’s aesthetic pursuit, and Ruan Lingyu’s stardom.","PeriodicalId":342453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Film Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116702822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Laborer’s Love: An Anthropotechnogenetic Mediation Between Cinematism and Animetism","authors":"Victor Fan","doi":"10.1515/jcfs-2021-0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jcfs-2021-0041","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract How can media philosophy help us rehistoricize Zhang Shichuan (director) and Zheng Zhengqiu’s (screenwriter) Laogong zhi aiqing [Laborer’s Love, 1922] and foster a deeper understanding of its aesthetics within its historical context? In this article, I take Zhang Zhen’s (1999, 27–50) book chapter on the film, “Teahouse, Shadowplay, Bricolage Cinema,” as a point de départ of my investigation. I argue that Laborer’s Love is best understood as part of a larger media ecology that has always been in transition, or more properly speaking, always in a process of becoming. I want to demonstrate that in the film, the hybridity between a more presentational style that stemmed from early-twentieth-century Chinese theater and a more representational style that stemmed from American cinema may not be a symptom of the film’s transitionality. Rather, such hybridity might have been Zhang Shichuan’s conscious stylistic choice. Also, in the light of Thomas Lamarre’s understanding of the cinema as a negotiation between two relationships between the human and the machine—cinematism (an alignment between the human body and the moving trajectory of the machine) and animetism (a positing of the body within a moving machine)—we can rethink the film as an anthropotechnical mediation between these two relationships.","PeriodicalId":342453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Film Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115468778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chinese Film in the 1930s: Potential Energy and “Left-Wing” Influence","authors":"Ji Yu","doi":"10.1515/jcfs-2022-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jcfs-2022-0035","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The history of Chinese films in the 1920s and the 1930s refers to two periods that are at once continuous yet distinctive. Created and formed in the “Concept—Aesthetic” system of “Benevolence—Legend-Influenced Image Narration” of 1920s native film, Chinese film underwent an evolution from the literary film of the Domestic Film Movement to genre film in the tide of commercial films. Then upon entering the 1930s it faced double upheavals: within from the film industry and without, from the socio-historical context. This made Chinese films in the 1930s more complex than before. From the perspective of historical dynamics, potential energy and strong left-wing influence hidden within Chinese film itself were the main causes of this complex historical phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":342453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Film Studies","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114903904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Beyond Labourer’s Love: Rethinking Early Chinese Film Comedy","authors":"Xuelei Huang","doi":"10.1515/jcfs-2022-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jcfs-2022-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article examines three lost short comedies produced alongside Labourer’s Love by the Mingxing Film Studio in 1922: The King of Comedy Visits Shanghai (Huaji dawang you hu ji), Havoc in a Bizarre Theatre (Danao guai xichang), and The Naughty Kid (Wantong). I propose to look beyond the extant Labourer’s Love and instead to delve into the broader intertextual, intermedial fabric of early film comedy for a re-evaluation of this neglected genre. Drawing on advertising texts, stills, and film reviews, this study corrects misinformation and supplements new data, based on which I posit two notions for a reconceptualization of early Chinese comedy film. First, I propose the Chinese concept of renao (“hot noise”) as a particular sensorial-somatic mode of experience to account for the Chinese engagement with film comedy in the tumultuous 1920s. Second, I borrow the Chinese poetic device of allusion to interpret their widespread references to Hollywood films in structural, narrative, and visual terms. Through the prism of allusion, the appropriation and re-production of Hollywood elements can be regarded as a means of adding authority to inchoate Chinese filmmaking, while at the same time complicating familiar topoi, symbols, and imageries in culturally sensitive ways.","PeriodicalId":342453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Film Studies","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114372636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}