{"title":"3D inverse photonic crystal structures made from latex polystyrene micro-spheres and barium titanate","authors":"I. Aboudihab, A. Tork, R. Lessard","doi":"10.1117/12.473837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.473837","url":null,"abstract":"We report 3D photonic crystals of polystyrene micro-spheres and air spheres in Barium titanate Background with diameters between 220 and 1100 nm by filling the voids (between the polystyrene micro-spheres) with Barium titanate. The BaTiO3 was synthesized from a sol gel solution. The polystyrene is then removed by calcination. The pyrolysis at 550°C enables to make the right phase of BaTiO3. Scanning electron microscope and optical microscope confirm the quality of the samples. The structure strongly diffracts light and can be a step to photonic band gap materials.","PeriodicalId":342015,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Photonic Technology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126772814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"All-Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Band Gap Materials","authors":"M. Florescu, S. John","doi":"10.1117/12.474416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.474416","url":null,"abstract":"We describe all-optical transistor action in photonic band gap materials doped with active atoms. In the presence of a photonic band gap (PBG) material, a coherent laser beam with the frequency slightly detuned from the resonant atomic transition frequency can drive a collection of two-level atoms to an almost totally inverted state, a phenomenon strictly forbidden in ordinary vacuum. By changing the laser field intensity in the neighborhood of a threshold value, it is possible to drive the atomic system through a transition from states in which the atoms populate preferentially the ground level to almost totally inverted states. In this process, the atomic system switches from a passive medium (highly absorptive) to a active medium (highly amplifying). The switching action in a PBG material is not associated with operating near a narrow cavity resonance with conventional trade-off between switching time and switching threshold intensity. Rather it is associated with an abrupt discontinuity in the engineered broad band electromagnetic density of states of the PBG material. We demonstrate all-optical transistor action in PBG materials by analyzing the absorption spectrum of a second probe laser beam and we show that the probe beam experience a substantial differential gain by slight intensity modulations in the control laser field.","PeriodicalId":342015,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Photonic Technology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123386602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benoit Paquet, K. Asatryan, T. Galstian, R. Vallée
{"title":"Photoinduced dichroism in amorphous As2S3 thin film","authors":"Benoit Paquet, K. Asatryan, T. Galstian, R. Vallée","doi":"10.1117/12.478298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.478298","url":null,"abstract":"We have performed an experiment in a chalcogenide thin film that is questionning some aspects of the currently accepted phenomenological model for the photoinduced anisotropy in such material. By analyzing the kinetics of the photoinduced linear dichroism, we were able to explain our experimental results by revisiting the current model which is based on anisotropic microstructures. This model is modified to include disk-shaped polarizability tensor. The approach we present is a useful tool to extract information on the optical properties of microscopic structures based on a macroscopic phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":342015,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Photonic Technology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121675679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Grant, R. Kaul, S. L. Taylor, K.V. Jackson, A. Osei, Anup Sharma
{"title":"Investigation of structural properties of carbon-epoxy composites using fiber-Bragg gratings","authors":"J. Grant, R. Kaul, S. L. Taylor, K.V. Jackson, A. Osei, Anup Sharma","doi":"10.1117/12.473813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.473813","url":null,"abstract":"Fiber Bragg-gratings are embedded in carbon-epoxy laminates as well as bonded on the surface of composite wound pressure vessel. Structural properties of such composites are investigated. The measurements include stress-strain relation in laminates and Poisson's ratio in several specimens with varying orientation of the optical fiber Bragg-sensor with respect to the carbon fiber in an epoxy matrix. Additionally, fiber Bragg gratings are bonded on the surface of cylinders fabricated out of carbon-epoxy composites and longitudinal and hoop strain on the surface is measured.","PeriodicalId":342015,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Photonic Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125200164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bi-soliton propagation in dispersion-managed system and its application","authors":"A. Maruta, Takashi Inoue, Y. Nonaka, Y. Yoshika","doi":"10.1117/12.474402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.474402","url":null,"abstract":"We show that, in addition to a stable single soliton, a dispersion-managed system can also support stable bi-solitons. The system parameters in which the bi-solitons can exist are also studied. In addition, we propose novel error preventable line-coding schemes in which binary data are assigned to bi-solitons and single dispersion-managed solitons. By using the schemes, impairments arising from intra-channel interactions can be drastically reduced compared with the conventional scheme for the same bit rate.","PeriodicalId":342015,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Photonic Technology","volume":"508 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131602194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthetic aperture, a way to high resolution active imaging","authors":"R. Binet, J. Colineau, J. Lehureau","doi":"10.1117/12.474741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.474741","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic aperture is a way to overcome the spatial resolution limitation given by limited physical of an observation instrument. Active synthetic aperture techniques at optical wavelengths are presented. We show that 2D arrays of detectors overcome the co-phasing problem of the sub-pupils provided there is an overlap between each acquisition. This technique was applied to short range imaging at 633nm in laboratory environment, yielding to diffraction limited pupils 16 times larger than the original pupil without external measurement of the pupil phase history.","PeriodicalId":342015,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Photonic Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116518606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Toward realization of photonic bandgap materials with glancing angle deposition","authors":"G. Beydaghyan, K. Kaminska, Tim Brown, K. Robbie","doi":"10.1117/12.474337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.474337","url":null,"abstract":"A modern challenge of materials science and physics is the creation and understanding of photonic crystals. Glancing Angle Deposition (GLAD) enables the growth of thin film materials with designable morphological structure on the scale of tens of nanometers, similar to proposed geometries of photonic crystals. Here we present recent progress toward the realization of photonic crystals with GLAD. Square spiral films of silicon were fabricated with GLAD, and were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and spectroscopic ellipsometry. The SEM images clearly show a periodic and spiral structure, similar to that recently predicted to have a robust three-dimensional bandgap. Ellipsometric analysis is ongoing, with as yet no distinct features that might suggest photonic bandgaps. To measure and control the in-plane ordering of silicon thin films, we have deposited and characterized pillar microstructures, producing an indirect measurement of film porosity with varying flux incidence. Two dimensional Fourier transforms were applied to plan view SEM images of porous pillar microstructures, showing no regular lattice but a broad ring that suggests a short range average spacing. In-plane periodicities were observed up to 100nm. Ongoing research is toward fabricating and analyzing photonic crystal structures at visible and infrared wavelengths.","PeriodicalId":342015,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Photonic Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127664827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Polarization independent grating-coupling in planar wave-guide using photo-induced birefringence","authors":"D. Peyrot, T. Galstian, R. Lessard","doi":"10.1117/12.473826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.473826","url":null,"abstract":"The effective refractive index of a guided wave depends on its polarization due to the anisotropic phase shift during the total internal reflection. Thus the grating-coupling angle is in general different for TM and TE polarized light. The compensation of this anisotropy is a difficult task. Some optical materials may present a significant birefringence when exposed to a polarized light. We would like to compensate the optical anisotropy using this photo-induced birefringence phenomenon, which would allow us to bring back the TM grating-coupling angle to the TE one. During these studies, we have developed an optical material, which allows us the formation of a relief grating via traditional light exposure techniques. At the same time, this material exhibits a significant photo-induced birefringence. This takes place thanks to the molecular reorientation phenomena after that the recording of the grating coupler is over. It is important to note that this last process does not affect significantly the grating-coupler. Furthermore we have observed that photo-induced birefringence present a strong reminiscence after the pump beam deactivation. The grating coupling experiments with and without the photo-induced phenomena were conducted.","PeriodicalId":342015,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Photonic Technology","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127999045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fabrication of a fiber-optic tilted Bragg grating filter in 40 nm range with a single phase mask","authors":"J. Grant, Y. Wang, Anup Sharma","doi":"10.1117/12.473812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.473812","url":null,"abstract":"Fiber-optic Bragg grating filters are fabricated with a range of Bragg wavelength between 1296 and 1336 nm, using a single phase mask. 30 mW of continuous-wave light at 244 nm is used from a frequency-doubled argon-ion laser having an intracavity etalon. Gratings are fabricated by tilting the photosensitive fiber with respect to the phase mask up to an angle of 15 degrees. The variation of Bragg wavelength with the fiber-tilt is explained with a simple formula. High spatial coherence of 244 nm light makes it possible to displace the fiber as much as 6 mm in front of the phase mask and tilt the fiber by as much as 15 degrees. This results in nearly constant band-width and near 100 % reflectivity for all gratings throughout the 40 nm range.","PeriodicalId":342015,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Photonic Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128110228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interface electromagnetic waves between Kronig-Penney photonic crystals","authors":"K. Mehrany, B. Momeni, S. Khorasani, B. Rashidian","doi":"10.1117/12.474743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.474743","url":null,"abstract":"The electromagnetic interface states formed in a heterostructure composed of two semi-infinite Kronig-Penny photonic crystals have been studied. Modified transfer matrices have been used for study of Kronig-Penny photonic crystals (heterostructures with conducting interfaces) to show strong similarity between solid-state physics and electromagnetics. Our calculations are limited to TE polarization.","PeriodicalId":342015,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Photonic Technology","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132826940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}