AAS Open Research最新文献

{"title":"Effect of birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and growth in infancy on fat mass and fat free mass indices in early adolescence: an analysis of the Entebbe Mother and Baby Study (EMaBs) cohort.","authors":"Jonathan Nsamba,&nbsp;Swaib A Lule,&nbsp;Benigna Namara,&nbsp;Christopher Zziwa,&nbsp;Hellen Akurut,&nbsp;Lawrence Lubyayi,&nbsp;Florence Akello,&nbsp;Josephine Tumusiime,&nbsp;Alison M Elliott,&nbsp;Emily L Webb","doi":"10.12688/aasopenres.12947.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.12947.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> There is limited data from Africa on the effect of pre- and post-natal growth and infant feeding on later body composition. This study's aim was to investigate the effect of birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and infant growth on adolescent body composition, using data from a Ugandan birth cohort. <b>Methods</b>: Data was collected prenatally from pregnant women and prospectively from their resulting live offspring. Data on body composition (fat mass index [FMI] and fat free mass index [FFMI]) was collected from 10- and 11-year olds. Linear regression was used to assess the effect of birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and infant growth on FMI and FFMI, adjusting for confounders. <b>Results</b>: 177 adolescents with a median age of 10.1 years were included in analysis, with mean FMI 2.9 kg/m ² (standard deviation (SD) 1.2), mean FFMI 12.8 kg/m ² (SD 1.4) and mean birth weight 3.2 kg (SD 0.5). 90 (50.9%) were male and 110 (63.2%) were exclusively breastfeeding at six weeks of age. Birth weight was associated with FMI in adolescence (regression coefficient β= 0.66 per kg increase in birth weight, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.04, 1.29), P=0.02), while exclusive breastfeeding (β= -0.43, 95% CI (-1.06, 0.19), P=0.12), growth 0-6 months (β= 0.24 95% CI (-0.43, 0.92), P=0.48) and growth 6-12 months (β= 0.61, 95% CI (-0.23, 1.46), P=0.11) were not associated with FMI among adolescents. Birth weight (β= 0.91, 95% CI (0.17, 1.65), P=0.01) was associated with FFMI in adolescence. Exclusive breastfeeding (β= 0.17, 95% CI (-0.60, 0.94), P=0.62), growth 0-6 months (β= 0.56, 95% CI (-0.20, 1.33), P= 0.10), and growth 6-12 months (β= -0.02, 95% CI (-1.02, 0.99), P=0.97) were not associated with FFMI. <b>Conclusions:</b> Birth weight predicted body composition parameters in Ugandan early adolescents, however, exclusive breastfeeding at six weeks of age and growth in infancy did not.</p>","PeriodicalId":34179,"journal":{"name":"AAS Open Research","volume":" ","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7118828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37908824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>\"We shall have gone to a higher standard</i>\": Training village heath teams (VHTs) to use a smartphone-guided intervention to link older Ugandans with hypertension and diabetes to care.","authors":"Joseph Okello Mugisha,&nbsp;Janet Seeley","doi":"10.12688/aasopenres.13049.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.13049.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: It is not clear whether village health teams (VHTs) can be empowered to participate in interventions to prevent and control hypertension and diabetes in older adults in Uganda. We conducted this study in rural Uganda to establish if VHTs could be effectively trained to use a smart phone guided intervention to link older people with hypertension and diabetes to care. We also explored the experiences of VHTs in managing older adults with health problems, their knowledge of hypertension and diabetes and their understanding of referral systems. We also explored their experiences with smartphones. <b>Methods:</b> We conducted in-depth interviews (IDIs) with and trained 20 VHTs randomly selected from Bukulula sub-county in Kalungu district from October 2017-December 2018. We used interview guides to explore topics relevant to our study objectives. VHTs were trained to measure blood sugar and blood pressure using digital machines. VHTs were trained on identifying symptoms of diabetes mellitus. Data from IDIs were analysed using thematic content analysis. Competence tests were used to evaluate the training. <b>Results:</b> Most of the VHTs were female (75%). All VHTs had some knowledge on hypertension and diabetes and other chronic diseases. They did not have any experience in treating older adults since they had been trained to deal mainly with children. Half of the VHTs owned smartphones. All were willing to participate in an intervention using a smartphone to link older adults with hypertension and diabetes mellitus to care. By the end of the training, all but three participants could comprehend the symptoms of diabetes and measure blood sugar and blood pressure. <b>Conclusion:</b> Village health teams in the study setting need training in managing the health needs of older adults before engaging with an intervention using smartphones to link older adults with diabetes mellitus and hypertension to care.</p>","PeriodicalId":34179,"journal":{"name":"AAS Open Research","volume":"3 ","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8729021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9149921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Journey of Hope: giving research participants a voice to share their experiences and improve community engagement around advanced HIV disease in Uganda.","authors":"Fiona V Cresswell,&nbsp;John Kasibante,&nbsp;Emily M Martyn,&nbsp;Lillian Tugume,&nbsp;Gavin Stead,&nbsp;Kenneth Ssembambulidde,&nbsp;Morris K Rutakingirwa,&nbsp;Enock Kagimu,&nbsp;Laura Nsangi,&nbsp;Carol Namuju,&nbsp;Jane F Ndyetukira,&nbsp;Cynthia Ahimbisibwe,&nbsp;Florence Kugonza,&nbsp;Alisat Sadiq,&nbsp;Alice Namudde,&nbsp;Joanna Dobbin,&nbsp;Diksha Srishyla,&nbsp;Carson Quinn,&nbsp;Mable Kabahubya,&nbsp;Conrad Muzoora,&nbsp;Stephen Watiti,&nbsp;David B Meya,&nbsp;Alison M Elliott","doi":"10.12688/aasopenres.13104.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.13104.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the last decade excellent progress has been made globally in HIV management thanks to antiretroviral therapy (ART) rollout and international guidelines now recommending immediate initiation of ART in people living with HIV. Despite this, advanced HIV disease (CD4 less than 200 cells/mL) and opportunistic infections remain a persistent challenge and contribute significantly to HIV-associated mortality, which equates to 23,000 deaths in Uganda in 2018 alone. Our Meningitis Research Team based in Uganda is committed to conducting clinical trials to answer important questions regarding diagnostics and management of HIV-associated opportunistic infections, including tuberculosis and cryptococcal meningitis. However, clinical research is impossible without research participants and results are meaningless unless they are translated into benefits for those affected by the disease. Therefore, we held a series of community engagement events with the aims of 1) giving research participants a voice to share their experiences of clinical research and messages of hope around advanced HIV disease with the community, 2) dispelling myths and stigma around HIV, and 3) raising awareness about the complications of advanced HIV disease and local clinical research and recent scientific advances. The purpose of this Open Letter is to describe our community engagement experience in Uganda, where we aimed to give clinical research participants a greater voice to share their experiences. These activities build upon decades of work in HIV community engagement and lays a platform for future research and engagement activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":34179,"journal":{"name":"AAS Open Research","volume":"3 ","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7682503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10290649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Career development for infection and immunity research in Uganda: a decade of experience from the Makerere University - Uganda Virus Research Institute research and training programme.","authors":"D. Nakanjako, F. Zalwango, Pamela Wairagala, Fiona Luboga, Irene Andia Biraro, V. Bukirwa, Mary Gorrethy N. Mboowa, S. Cose, J. Seeley, A. Elliott","doi":"10.12688/aasopenres.13066.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.13066.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Makerere University/Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI) Centre of Excellence for Infection & Immunity Research and Training (MUII) is a collaborative programme supporting excellence in Infection and Immunity (I&I) research in Uganda. Set up in 2008, MUII aims to produce internationally competitive Ugandan and East African I&I research leaders, and develop human and infrastructural resources to support research and training excellence. We undertook an internal evaluation of MUII's achievements, challenges and lessons learned between August 2008 and December 2019, to inform programmes seeking to build Africa's health research expertise. Methods: Quantitative data were abstracted from programme annual reports. Qualitative data were obtained in March and April 2019: a cross-sectional evaluation was undertaken among a purposefully selected representative sample of 27 trainees and two programme staff. Qualitative data was analysed according to pre-determined themes of achievements, challenges, lessons learned and recommendations for improvement. Results: By December 2019, MUII had supported 68 fellowships at master's-level and above (50% female: 23 Masters, 27 PhD, 15 post-doctoral, three group-leader fellows) and over 1,000 internships. Fellows reported career advancement, mentorship by experts, and improved research skills and outputs. Fellows have published over 300 papers, secured grants worth over £20m, established over 40 international collaborations, and taken on research and academic leadership positions in the country. Key lessons for success include the following: efficient administration provides an enabling environment; institutions need supportive policies for procurement, including provisions for purchases of specific biological research reagents from international manufacturers; strong international, multi-disciplinary collaboration provides a critical mass of expertise to mentor researchers in development; and mentorship catalyses young scientists to progress from graduate trainees to productive academic researchers, relevant to society's most pressing health challenges. Conclusions: Sustainable academic productivity can be achieved through efficient operational support, global collaboration and mentorship to provide solutions to Africa's health challenges.","PeriodicalId":34179,"journal":{"name":"AAS Open Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66396823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Typology, technical efficiency and scale economy of <i>dibiteries</i> in Dakar, Senegal.","authors":"Malik Orou Seko, Walter Ossebi, Gnamien Sylvain Traoré, Andrée Prisca Ndjoug Ndour, Jasmina Saric, Gilbert Fokou, Daouda Dao, Bassirou Bonfoh","doi":"10.12688/aasopenres.12953.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/aasopenres.12953.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In recent years, a profound transformation has been observed in the eating habits of the populations of African cities, induced by accelerated socioeconomic and demographic growth. In Senegal, these changes have manifested in the proliferation of collective informal catering enterprises, such as the ' <i>dibiteries</i>', where the roasted meat of sheep is prepared and sold. The rise of the average household income has contributed substantially to increasing levels of meat consumption, leading to the expansion of the <i>dibiteries</i>. The purpose of the current work was to evaluate the managerial performance of these establishments in Dakar, Senegal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To achieve this, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 152  <i>dibiteries</i> using a questionnaire. Efficiency scores were determined via the data envelopment analysis method. The pure technical scores thereby obtained were subsequently used as dependent variables in a Tobit model to identify the socioeconomic determinants of <i>dibiterie</i> efficiency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The resulting average score of the <i>dibiteries</i> suggests that the majority are operating inefficiently (79.6%). Moreover, it was demonstrated that this inefficiency seems to be related to scale rather than technical issues. However, few of the <i>dibiteries</i> assessed (20.4%) were nevertheless in a situation of constant scale economy. Among the socioeconomic variables tested, experience, leadership (family or individual-run), the ownership status of the restaurant building (own or lease) and the type of workforce (family, recruited, mixed or without) had a significant impact on the efficiency of the establishments.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The scale economy and waste reduction in food production can result in economic gains that can in turn be used in the safety of finished products. Indeed, by following best practices, <i>dibiteries</i> can make gains which could be used to invest in good hygiene practices on handwashing, cleaning and disinfecting grilling tools, optimizing work space and training staff.</p>","PeriodicalId":34179,"journal":{"name":"AAS Open Research","volume":" ","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7185242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37922237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective and curative effects of Beta vulgaris on pesticide dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate-exposed albino rats","authors":"E. Nwaichi, E. Essien, Uzoamaka Chinonso Ibe","doi":"10.12688/aasopenres.12967.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.12967.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study evaluated the effect of Beta vulgaris (beetroot) smoothie on some biochemical parameters on dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate (DDVP, known as dichlorvos)-exposed albino Wistar rats. Methods: A total of 30 rats of both sexes were grouped into five groups of six animals each. Group I served as the negative control and were not exposed to dichlorvos. Group II served as the positive control and were exposed to dichlorvos but received no smoothie. Group III received 500 mg/kg body weight beetroot smoothie and was not exposed to dichlorvos. Groups IV and V were exposed to dichlorvos but received beetroot before and after exposure, respectively. At the end of the 6-week experiment, the animals were euthanized, the blood samples collected for some biochemical assays while the organs (kidney and liver) were harvested and subjected to histopathological examination. Results: From the biochemical assay, it was observed that the beetroot smoothies regulated and significantly reduced the elevated levels of AST, ALT, urea and creatinine observed in the animals that were exposed to dichlorvos. Additionally, the beetroot was able to regenerate the liver and kidney organs that were damaged on exposure to dichlorvos. Conclusion: This study concluded that beetroot smoothie possesses hepato-protective, hepato-curative as well as nephro-curative properties.","PeriodicalId":34179,"journal":{"name":"AAS Open Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45904234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of blood pathogens in camels and their associated ectoparasitic camel biting keds, <i>Hippobosca camelina</i>: the potential application of keds in xenodiagnosis of camel haemopathogens.","authors":"Kevin O Kidambasi,&nbsp;Daniel K Masiga,&nbsp;Jandouwe Villinger,&nbsp;Mark Carrington,&nbsp;Joel L Bargul","doi":"10.12688/aasopenres.13021.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.13021.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Major constraints to camel production include pests and diseases. In northern Kenya, little information is available about blood-borne pathogens circulating in one-humped camels ( <i>Camelus dromedarius</i>) or their possible transmission by the camel haematophagous ectoparasite, <i>Hippobosca camelina</i>, commonly known as camel ked or camel fly. This study aimed to: (i) identify the presence of potentially insect-vectored pathogens in camels and camel keds, and (ii) assess the potential utility of keds for xenodiagnosis of camel pathogens that they may not vector. <b>Methods:</b> In Laisamis, northern Kenya, camel blood samples (n = 249) and camel keds (n = 117) were randomly collected from camels. All samples were screened for trypanosomal and camelpox DNA by PCR, and for <i>Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Brucella, Coxiella, Theileria</i>, and <i>Babesia</i> by PCR coupled with high-resolution melting (PCR-HRM) analysis. <b>Results:</b> In camels, we detected <i>Trypanosoma vivax</i> (41%), <i>Trypanosoma evansi</i> (1.2%), and \" <i>Candidatus</i> Anaplasma camelii\" (68.67%). In camel keds, we also detected <i>T. vivax</i> (45.3%), <i>T. evansi</i> (2.56%), <i>Trypanosoma melophagium</i> (1/117) (0.4%), and \" <i>Candidatus</i> Anaplasma camelii\" (16.24 %). Piroplasms ( <i>Theileria</i> spp. and <i>Babesia</i> spp.), <i>Coxiella burnetii</i>, <i>Brucella</i> spp., <i>Ehrlichia</i> spp., and camel pox were not detected in any samples. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study reveals the presence of epizootic pathogens in camels from northern Kenya. Furthermore, the presence of the same pathogens in camels and in keds collected from sampled camels suggests the potential use of these flies in xenodiagnosis of haemopathogens circulating in camels.</p>","PeriodicalId":34179,"journal":{"name":"AAS Open Research","volume":" ","pages":"164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7243205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38023790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the economic impact of climate change in the small-scale aquaculture industry of Ghana, West Africa.","authors":"Berchie Asiedu, Dickson Malcolm, Seidu Iddrisu","doi":"10.12688/aasopenres.12911.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/aasopenres.12911.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Aquaculture in Ghana is very profitable, but faces sustainability challenges. This paper assessed the impact pathways by which climate change affects the production and profitability of small-scale aquaculture in Ghana. The study analyzed and compared the economic value of smallholder fish farms with and without the incidence of climatic parameters. <b>Methods:</b> Simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques were used to select the study area and farms. A total of 30 farmers were interviewed using a questionnaire-based interview. Additionally, using document analysis, observation, and data on farms' production input and output values, the economic impact of climate change on fish farms was assessed. <b>Results:</b> Extreme temperatures, erratic rainfall, floods, drought, storm and erosion are prevalent in fish farms. Available data shows a decrease of 53.4% of small-scale revenue, a 6.9% reduction in small-scale aquaculture value from GH¢ 83,000 to GH¢ 120,000 reducing fish supply by 25%. The findings indicate that the profitability, economic value, and livelihoods of the small-scale aquaculture industry is greatly affected by changes in climate. The incidence of floods, drought, erratic rainfall, erosion, and extreme temperature synergistically induce poverty. The implication on the livelihoods of fish farming households is very alarming and poses a serious threat to food security in the country. <b>Conclusion:</b> Based on the findings, this study concludes that; floods, rainfall temperature, and drought are the major climatic factors affecting the profitability and sustainability of the pond aquaculture industry. The preliminary recommendation is that there is an urgent need to map out flood-free zones close to perennial water bodies to overcome floods and droughts. Planting trees around ponds to create a micro-ecologies ideal for fish culture and also the construction of water storage facilities and proper dyke design would overcome drought and erosion issues. The adaptive capacity of fish-farmers must be built.</p>","PeriodicalId":34179,"journal":{"name":"AAS Open Research","volume":" ","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7391010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38256944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-management and its associated factors among people living with diabetes in Blantyre, Malawi: a cross-sectional study","authors":"C. Banda, Belinda Gombachika, M. Nyirenda, A. Muula","doi":"10.12688/aasopenres.12992.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.12992.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Self-management is key to the control of glycaemia and prevention of complications in people living with diabetes. Many people living with diabetes in Malawi have poorly controlled glucose and they experience diabetes-related complications. This study aimed to assess diabetes self-management behaviours and to identify factors associated with it among people living with diabetes at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH), Blantyre, Malawi. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 510 adults attending a diabetes clinic at a teaching referral hospital in southern Malawi. The social cognitive theory was applied to identify factors associated with following all recommended self-management behaviours. Data on participants’ demographics, clinical history, diabetes knowledge, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, social support, environmental barriers and diabetes self-management were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with following all self-management behaviours. Results: The mean age of participants was 53.6 (SD 13.3) years. Self-reported medication adherence within the last seven days was 88.6% (n=494); 77% reported being physically active for at least 30 minutes on more than three days in the previous seven days; 69% reported checking their feet every day and inspecting inside their shoes; 58% reported following a healthy diet regularly. Overall, only 33% reported following all the self-management behaviours regularly.  Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that self-efficacy was the only social cognitive factor associated with following all the self-management practices (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Participants in our study were not consistently achieving all self-management practices with dietary practices being the least adhered to behaviour by many. To improve self-management practices of people living with diabetes, current health education programs should not only aim at improving diabetes related knowledge but also self-efficacy. Adopting interventions that promote self-efficacy in diabetes patients such as exposure to role models, peer education, providing positive feedback, and counselling is recommended.","PeriodicalId":34179,"journal":{"name":"AAS Open Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45709699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk assessment for the implementation of controlled human <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> infection trials in Uganda.","authors":"Jan Pieter Koopman,&nbsp;Moses Egesa,&nbsp;Anne Wajja,&nbsp;Moses Adriko,&nbsp;Jacent Nassuuna,&nbsp;Gyaviira Nkurunungi,&nbsp;Emmanuella Driciru,&nbsp;Gijsbert van Willigen,&nbsp;Stephen Cose,&nbsp;Maria Yazdanbakhsh,&nbsp;Pontiano Kaleebu,&nbsp;Narcis Kabatereine,&nbsp;Edridah Tukahebwa,&nbsp;Meta Roestenberg,&nbsp;Alison M Elliott","doi":"10.12688/aasopenres.12972.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.12972.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection highly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, and a significant cause of morbidity; it is a priority for vaccine development. A controlled human infection model for <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> (CHI-S) with potential to accelerate vaccine development has been developed among naïve volunteers in the Netherlands. Because responses both to infections and candidate vaccines are likely to differ between endemic and non-endemic settings, we propose to establish a CHI-S in Uganda where <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> is endemic. As part of a \"road-map\" to this goal, we have undertaken a risk assessment. We identified risks related to importing of laboratory vector snails and schistosome strains from the Netherlands to Uganda; exposure to natural infection in endemic settings concurrently with CHI-S studies, and unfamiliarity of the community with the nature, risks and rationale for CHI. Mitigating strategies are proposed. With careful implementation of the latter, we believe that CHI-S can be implemented safely in Uganda. Our reflections are presented here to promote feedback and discussion.</p>","PeriodicalId":34179,"journal":{"name":"AAS Open Research","volume":" ","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6901351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37908825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}