International Journal of Digital Evidence最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Insulin Resistance Induced by Dexamethasone on Bone Mass in Ovariectomized Rats","authors":"M. El-Bidawy","doi":"10.11648/J.IJDE.20180303.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJDE.20180303.12","url":null,"abstract":"Glucocorticoids therapy is the most common cause of secondary iatrogenic osteoporosis.The bone loss occurs predominantly due to a decrease in bone formation, although increased bone resorption also occurs. Insulin resistance is the key pathology in type 2 diabetes negatively influence bone remodeling and leads to reduced bone strength. Loss of sex steroids, particularly oestradiol, as in ovariectomized rats,leads to increased skeletal remodeling over and above the age-related increment, together with excessive osteoclast activity. In this study, ovariectomy DEX group has highly significant increase in relative cortical resorptioncompared to ovaiectomy and sham DEX groups, also ovariectomy and DEX group has highly significant decrease in bone thickness compared to ovariectomy and sham DEX groups. The consequent increase in remodeling activation increases the overall resorption rate without a compensatory increase in formation, leading to rapid bone loss.This negative effect on bone which is due to the glucocorticoid excess is also mediated by indirect mechanisms such as the calcium malabsorption and hypercalciuria. In response to the enhanced supply of calcium from the skeleton, PTH secretion tends to be diminished, thereby reducing vitamin D [1,25(OH)2 cholecalciferol] concentration with a consequent reduction in calcium absorption.","PeriodicalId":341642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Digital Evidence","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125010032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Self-Management Practices Among Patients with Diabetes in Government Hospitals in the Upper West Region of Ghana","authors":"Stephen Kpekura, J. Ninnoni, S. Nuvor","doi":"10.11648/J.IJDE.20180303.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJDE.20180303.11","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus is a chronic progressive metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia mainly due to absolute or relative deficiency of insulin hormone. The study aimed at exploring the level of self-management practices among diabetes patients receiving care in public hospitals in the Upper West Region of Ghana. The research was a cross-sectional survey adopting stratified sampling technique to select 201 respondents. A questionnaire was used in the study for data collection with a reliability coefficient of 0.8. The data was analyzed using the SPSS version 21. Adherence to proper self-management practices was high with a mean percentage of 64.7%. Demographic factors of diabetes patients did not have any effect on their Self-Management Practices (p>0.05). There were differences in Self-Management practices among group of diabetes patients receiving care at different hospitals (p<0.05). In conclusion, most diabetes patients in the Upper West Region adhered correctly to self-management practices. However, they needed to improve upon the management on monitoring of blood sugar level and foot care. There was a difference in self-management practices of diabetes patients who received care at Wa and Lawra. It was also found that sex, gender, district of location, occupation, and income among others did not have influence on self-management practice.","PeriodicalId":341642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Digital Evidence","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134349893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Comprehensive Diabetes Care (CDC) Management Program in Elderly Male Patients of Type II Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Study","authors":"R. Sane, P. Ghadigaonkar, R. Chaure, Sangeeta Jain, Shweta Wahane, Aarti Nadapude, A. Badre, R. Mandole","doi":"10.11648/j.ijde.20180302.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20180302.12","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, Diabetes mellitus (DM) prevalence has created menace, being a major culprit of increased mortality and morbidity and health care expenditures. India is the 2 nd country with maximum number of diabetic patients, with an estimated prevalence of around 10%. Comprehensive Diabetes Care (CDC) is a combination of Panchakarma and Diet management. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of CDC on glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI), body weight, abdominal girth and dependency on conventional therapy in DM Patients. This retrospective study was conducted from July 2017 to January 2018, wherein the data of elderly male type 2 DM patients (HbA1c >6.5%) who attended Madhavbaug clinics in Maharashtra , India were identified. Data of patients who were administered CDC (60-75 minutes) with minimum 6 sittings over 90 days (± 15 days) were considered. Variables were compared between day 1 and day 90 of CDC. Out of 48 enrolled elderly male patients, 34 were included for analysis. CDC showed significant improvement in HbA1c from 8.27 ± 0.96to 7.1 ± 1.30; p=0.0001), BMI from 27.65 ± 3.20 to 25.91 ± 3.29, p< 0.0001), weight from 73.75 ± 10.76to 69.46 ± 10.39, p<0.0001). Abdominal girth (from 100.0 ± 9.08 to 95.36 ± 9.10; p<0.0001), also showed significant reduction. Dependency on concomitant medicines was reduced, with number of patients on no concomitant medicines increasing from 3% to 15%. CDC and allopathy both are found to be efficacious; but CDC acts dually, by reducing HbA1c, as well as reducing dependency on allopathic medications.","PeriodicalId":341642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Digital Evidence","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131745674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetic Foot Ulcer: Synopsis of the Epidemiology and Pathophysiology","authors":"A. Ibrahim","doi":"10.11648/J.IJDE.20180302.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJDE.20180302.11","url":null,"abstract":"Over 415 million people had diabetes in 2015 and the number is projected to increase in the coming years. The complications of diabetes affect millions of people all over the world and diabetic foot is one of the most common. The global prevalence of diabetic foot varies significantly and a reasonable proportion of cases end up in amputation. Despite interventions at various levels, it continues to be a menacing issue in the overall management of diabetes. Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is classified as neuropathic, ischemic or neuro-ischemic. Neuropathic ulcers originate in the setting of diabetic neuropathy while ischemic ulcers are secondary to vascular disease. Infections and the intrinsic delayed wound healing that characterizes diabetes are important considerations in the pathophysiology of DFU. The prevention of DFU involves adequate glycemic control and modification of risk factors. While health education is a fundamental obligation of health care professionals, it is paramount that patients adopt the guidelines of feet care and integrate them into daily life in trying to prevent diabetic foot and its consequences. The aim of this review article is to summarize the epidemiology, pathophysiology and prevention of diabetic foot ulcer.","PeriodicalId":341642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Digital Evidence","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115816442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endocrine Disruptor Compounds (EDC) Effects on Reproduction","authors":"Thi Mong Diep Nguyen","doi":"10.11648/J.IJDE.20180301.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJDE.20180301.14","url":null,"abstract":"A large number of industrial chemical products (paints, flame retardants, pharmaceuticals, pesticides) are suspected or proved to act as endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs). In the present survey of the literature, the main issue is to consider how to classify individual products as EDC or not. In this perspective, the different mechanisms leading to endocrine disruption are described: either by direct interaction with hormone receptors leading to its stimulation or inhibition, or by effect on endogenous hormone concentration through stimulation or inhibition of its synthesis or its degradation, or its binding to transport binding proteins. The present review takes particularly in consideration the effects of EDCs on the endocrine control of Reproduction in human and animals. Indeed, a number of EDCs can act as anti-androgens, anti-estrogens, and steroidogenic enzyme inhibitors that interfere with steroid action or production and thus can alter reproductive health.","PeriodicalId":341642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Digital Evidence","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131468497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Syndrome Z and Its Association with Obstructive Sleep Apnea","authors":"G. Hassan, W. Qureshi","doi":"10.11648/J.IJDE.20180301.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJDE.20180301.13","url":null,"abstract":"It is clear that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and metabolism syndrome share a similar pathophysilogic milieu that would be expected to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. In patients with established coronary artery disease, treatment of OSA may confer long term cardiovascular benefits. Prevention of nocturnal hypoxemia, sympathetic activation and pressor surges in addition to reduction of daytime sympathetic activity, blood pressure and insulin resistance by continuous positive airway pressure would improve cardiovascular outcomes in patients with metabolic syndrome.","PeriodicalId":341642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Digital Evidence","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121181146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antidiabetic, Antisickling and Antibacterial Activities of Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae) and Zanthoxylum rubescens Planch. Ex Hook (Rutaceae) from DRC","authors":"G. Bongo, K. Ngbolua, C. Ashande, B. Gbolo, Claudine Tshiama, D. Tshilanda, D. Tshibangu, N. Ngombe, T. Mbemba, P. Mpiana","doi":"10.11648/j.ijde.20180301.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20180301.12","url":null,"abstract":"It was recently reported a rare association of two genetic diseases notably sickle cell anemia and diabetes in one patient in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Both diseases constitute a serious public health problem and have a common denominator that is to make patients susceptible to bacterial infections. Given the difficult and limited management of these diseases, the use of medicinal plants is considered as an effective alternative. Leaves of Anacardium occidentale and Zanthoxylum rubescens collected in the surroundings of University of Kinshasa and Gbadolite in Kinshasa and Nord Ubangi provinces respectively and these plants were selected through a chemo-taxonomic approach while a phytochemical screening was performed using a qualitative approach. Bacterial strains used to assess the antibacterial activity were Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and mice were used for the antidiabetic activity. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, anthocyanins, leucoanthocyanins, flavonoids, bound quinones as well saponins and alkaloids. The aqueous extracts of A. occidentale and Z. rubescens showed an antisickling activity. Only S. aureus was sensitive to A. occidentale where petroleum ether extract (MIC = 125 μg.mL -1 ) showed a good activity than other extracts and no activity was observed on E. coli. Meanwhile, Z. rubescens showed no antibacterial activity on both strains (MIC = > 500 μg.mL -1 ). The mean values of blood glucose after 120 minutes in untreated and treated mice were 99.5 ± 7.77mg.dL -1 (0.9% NaCl), 41.6 ± 10.07mg.dL -1 (Glibenclamide 10mg.Kg -1 ) and 64 ± 13.98mg.dL -1 (methanolic extract of A. occidentale 500mg.Kg -1 ). These findings show that A. occidentale plant possess an antihyperglycemic activity. To our knowledge, it is for the first time that the antisickling activity of A. occidentale and Z. rubescens is reported thus validating the chemotaxonomic approach used as a criterion of selection of these two plants. It is also for the first time that antidiabetic activity of A. occidentale is reported.","PeriodicalId":341642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Digital Evidence","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131562921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influencing Factors Associated with Ketosis-Prone Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Syndrome of Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Md Rezaul Karim, A. Syeda","doi":"10.11648/J.IJDE.20180301.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJDE.20180301.11","url":null,"abstract":"Ketosis-prone diabetes or KPD is an intermediate form of diabetes and is a widespread syndrome. To review the influencing factors of ketosis in type 2 diabetes (T2DK), All patients of ketosis with type 2 diabetes are studied under single entity as the method. In this review, we described the current state of knowledge in regard to Ethnicity, age, sex, family history, infection, obesity, Dyslipidemia, and Hyperglycemia is associated as the influencing factors in Ketosis-Prone Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","PeriodicalId":341642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Digital Evidence","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128980268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Etiology of Midline Diastema among Sudanese University Students","authors":"A. Abuaffan, I. Elfadel","doi":"10.21088/IJDE.0974.6099.9116.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21088/IJDE.0974.6099.9116.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Maxillary midline diastema is one of the common esthetic problems appearing in deciduous dentition and affecting adults irrespective of gender and ethnicity. This study aimed to determining the prevalence, etiological factors and acceptance of midline diastema among a sample of Sudanese university students in Khartoum city. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study carried out for 2200 (1706 females, 494 males) Sudanese university students 18­23 years old. A radiograph taken for each student diagnosed with midline diastema to prohibit the etiological factors. Results: The prevalence of midline diastema was recorded 7.3% (7% maxillary, 0.2% mandibular and 0.1% both maxillary and mandibular). It occurs more frequently in females (8%) than male (4.7%). Majority of students 112(70%) have family history of midline diastema (70.1% female and 69.6% male). Fifty six percent of the students were not considering midline diastema as an esthetic problem (52.6% female and 78.3% male). Only 10.6% from the students with midline diastema had speech problem (11.7% female and 4.3% male). Conclusion: The prevalence of midline diastema in this sample is evident and analogous to the conclusion reported in previous studies among different populations. The result gives evidence regarding the enormity of the midline diastema. However, burly conclusion not strained since the studied sample is not envoy to the entire Sudanese population. Additional study is obligatory with a great sample collected from different areas in Sudan. Keyworlds: Midline Diastema; University Students; Maxillary Teeth. Author’s Affiliation: *Orthodontist, Orthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Khartoum, Sudan. **Associate Professor, Head department of Orthodontic, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Khartoum, Sudan. Reprints Requests: Amal H. Abuaffan, Associate Professor, Head department of Orthodontic, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Khartoum, Sudan. E­mail: amalabuaffan@yahoo.com Introduction Midline diastema is a dento alveolar disorders that cause special concern to parents and patients [1]. It is also known as open teeth or gapped teeth [2]. It is defining as anterior midline spacing greater than 0.5 mm between the proximal surfaces of adjacent teeth [3]. Nainar define true midline diastema as one without periodontal/periapical involvement and with the presence of all anterior teeth in the arch [4]. Whereas, Attia described it as spaces of varying magnitude between the crowns of fully erupted maxillary or mandibular central incisors [5]. Indian Journal of Dental Education Volume 9 Number 1, January ­ March 2016 Worldwide, the Prevalence of midline diastema in early mixed dentition is normal condition appears in 48.8% of children and decrease with age [6,7]. Whereas, among adults it ranges from 1.6 to 28% [2,4,8­12], and more common in maxillary arch and among mal","PeriodicalId":341642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Digital Evidence","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121688736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Health Care During Pregnancy","authors":"Tanvi Dosi, R. Rajput, Dhaman Gupta, A. Hazari","doi":"10.21088/IJDE.0974.6099.9116.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21088/IJDE.0974.6099.9116.6","url":null,"abstract":" Pregnant women most often do not receive oral health care. In Maryland, of the 30,743 pregnant women covered by Medicaid/year; only 27% accessed covered oral health services while pregnant.  There are associations between preterm births and periodontal disease. Since the risk of dental care is minimal and the benefits may be large dental care should be part of basic OB counseling.  Dental care during pregnancy also will dental cavities, reducing the risk of dental cavities to the newborn.  There is a need to inform pregnant women that dental care is safe during pregnancy and why oral health is important for her and her future baby.","PeriodicalId":341642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Digital Evidence","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116396267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}