Gornye nauki i tekhnologii最新文献

{"title":"Simulation of ash dump embankment stability","authors":"О.  G. Bessimbayeva, E.  N. Khmyrova, E.  A. Oleinikova, A.  E. Kasymzhanova","doi":"10.17073/2500-0632-2022-11-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/2500-0632-2022-11-30","url":null,"abstract":"Ash and slag materials are removed from boiler rooms of CHP “Combined Heat and Power Plant” (Teploelektrotsentral’) by hydraulic transport and disposed in ash dumps. These are specially organized areas encircled by protective dams depending on the relief either along the entire perimeter or only in certain low-lying areas. The dams of hydraulic structures must provide stability to the whole structure against the following factors: shear; stability of slopes against sliding; filtration resistance of a dam body soils; reliable slope protection against possible failure due to atmospheric precipitation; as well as against wave action of water (within a settling pond); sufficient excess of dam crest over water level of a pond, etc. The study focuse on the design of ash and slag dump embankment (for storage of the ash and slag removed from the boiler rooms of Karaganda CHP by hydraulic transport). Ash dump design requires a broad range of problems to be solved. These include determination of location, design features and type of embankment, area of the basin and volume of the stored waste, strength of the embankment structures, etc. In order to assess the condition of the ash dump design, the stability of the facility embankment slopes for different combinations of loads, the conditions of possible watering of the dams, the presence of “geomembrane”, and pore pressure need to be analysed. A software program based on the finite element method allows simulation of ground (soil) conditions based on the strength and strain characteristics of the dam body filling soils and the base soils. Safety factors of the outer (downstream) slopes of hydraulic structures is determined taking into account the category and design of a structure, type of base (foundation), criticality of the design process stage, and other factors on the basis of conditions that ensure the prevention of the onset of limit states. The most critical and characteristic cross-sections across the perimeter of the ash dump embankment were selected for the computations, based on the analysis of the designed hydraulic structure base lithological composition. According to the computations performed, the outer slopes of the embankment at the paths of wells No. 373-19, No. 381-19, characteristic of almost the entire length of the embankment, are stable for different combinations of loads.","PeriodicalId":34147,"journal":{"name":"Gornye nauki i tekhnologii","volume":"51 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136346290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"World’s barite resources as critical raw material","authors":"G.  Yu. Boyarko, L.  M. Bolsunovskaya","doi":"10.17073/2500-0632-2023-02-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/2500-0632-2023-02-85","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the work is connected with the status of barite as a critical mineral raw material, as accepted in most industrialized countries. Purpose: to study the dynamics of commodity flows (production, import, export, consumption) of barite throughout the countries, its world prices, sources of barite raw materials and the prospects for its production and consumption. Methods: statistical, graphic, logical. Results. The production of barite raw materials from 0,3 Mt/year in 1920s grew intensively and reached 8.0–9.6 Mt/year in the 2010. Initially, both the mining and processing of barite raw materials industries were located directly in the USA, Germany, Britain, Italy, and France. These countries accounted for over 90% of world production and 80–95% of world consumption. In the 1950s, a sharp increase in the consumption of barite as a weighting agent for drilling fluids began. This led to an increase in its production in large oil and gas producing countries (the USA, the USSR, Mexico, Canada), export flows (from Morocco and other countries), and cessation of exports from Germany, Britain and France. The share of international trade in barite also increased from 0,3–0,5 Mt/year in the 1950s to 4.2–6.0 Mt/year (55–70% of his income) in the 2010s. The cumulative world production of barite between 1920–2020 is expected to be 550 Mt. World barite resources in deposits prepared for exploitation are estimated at 740 Mt. The group of critical countries importing barite raw materials (imports over 50%) represents 38.8% of the GDP of the world economy (USA, European Union, Germany, Italy, Saudi Arabia, Canada, Kuwait, Norway, Oman, Algeria, Malaysia, Indonesia, UAE, Azerbaijan, Argentina). The group of countries exporting barite raw materials includes 31.0% of the GDP of the world economy (India, Morocco, China, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Iran, Laos, Mexico, Pakistan, Bulgaria. A decrease in the criticality of barite raw material supply is possible as a result in reducing consumption (Japan, France, Italy and the Czech Republic), increasing world barite production with the commissioning of new deposits, given the significant prepared resources of this raw material in Iran, Kazakhstan and Pakistan, as well as the search for new barite deposits, including chemogenic marine bottom sediments.","PeriodicalId":34147,"journal":{"name":"Gornye nauki i tekhnologii","volume":"51 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136346295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of protection against unbalanced high-voltage asynchronous drive of recycle compressor in fuel hydrotreating unit","authors":"V. V. Dmitrieva, A. B. Khammatov","doi":"10.17073/2500-0632-2022-12-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/2500-0632-2022-12-70","url":null,"abstract":"In the oil and gas industry, continuous processes such as oil and gas refining play a great role and are sensitive to many external factors. Such processes require special procedures for stopping and restarting. In order to maintain a sustainable process, the entire system needs to be cleaned by removing of unreacted components. Rejected raw materials are often dumped into a flare leading to tangible environmental problems and significant economic disadvantages. Electrotechnical systems (ETS) play an important role in ensuring continuous technological processes in oil and gas industry. Electric motors are one of the key elements of ETS. The majority of the electrical machines used in industry today are Asynchronous motors (AM) – no less than 80 %. Ensuring their trouble-free operation is one of the key factors in the design, simulation, and analysis of asynchronous motor relay protection systems, including unbalanced conditions of their operation. These conditions can occur due to unbalanced AM connection circuits, supply voltage unbalance, or as any faults in a machine itself. Operating a motor under these conditions will result in shorter motor life, reduced power, wear and aging of the insulation. The study subject was an Asynchronous motor drive of a recycle compressor of a gasoline hydrotreating unit at the fuel hydrotreating integrated unit at the Astrakhan Gas Refining Plant (AGRP). The authors used Matlab simulations to study the facility and its protection systems/devices operation. The method of symmetrical components was selected as the main theoretical method. The authors developed a model of an asynchronous motor drive of a recycle compressor. This involved establishing a set of relay protections (RP) and developing the models of the following protections: sequence filter (symmetrical component filter) (SF), negative sequence (nps) O/C protection, and overload protection. It was demonstrated that the specified relay protection complex fully protects the motor from unbalanced operation conditions. The authors conducted a study of the protection complex operation under different supply voltage unbalances, with different motor loads. They formed a conclusion about the performance of the developed protection complex, and gave recommendations for its technical implementation in a business environment. The study findings can be used as a basis for the development and testing of relay protection components of the entire electrical system of the fuel hydrotreating unit at the Astrakhan Gas Refining Plant.","PeriodicalId":34147,"journal":{"name":"Gornye nauki i tekhnologii","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135250717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Absolute heat sources as a method to check the accuracy of temperature prediction in underground structures within cryolithozone","authors":"A. F. Galkin, V. Yu. Pankov","doi":"10.17073/2500-0632-2023-04-105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/2500-0632-2023-04-105","url":null,"abstract":"Forecasting the thermal regime of mine workings and the surrounding rock mass is a necessary element of the design of underground structures in cryolithic zone. This is particularly necessary when substantiating and selecting reliable methods and means of rock supporting, in order to ensure safe operation of underground structures during the entire standard service life. Changes in the temperature of discontinuous permafrost rocks in the range of negative values (below the ice point in the rock) can lead to a decrease in their strength characteristics, and consequently to a decrease in the stability of workings. The aim of the research was to compare two ways of considering absolute heat sources (point sources and sources uniformly distributed along the length of a mine working) when forecasting the thermal regime in mine workings of underground structures. The dependencies used to determine temperature differences in various methods of considering absolute heat sources were established. For the sake of generality, the dependencies were produced in dimensionless (criterial) form. The variants were calculated, and the results are presented in the form of graphs. The aim is to visually present the influence of the method of heat sources when considering the accuracy of air temperature prediction in an underground facility. Key qualitative and quantitative features of the formation of thermal regime in workings at different methods of considering absolute heat sources were established. It was shown in particular that during the transition from a negative temperature in a working to a positive one, incorrect consideration of the action of absolute heat sources can lead to an almost 30 % (1.26 times) difference (i.e., error) in the calculated depth of thawing of discontinuous rocks. It was also established that at a positive temperature, when the initial air temperature in a structure is more than 7.5 oC, there is no fundamental difference in engineering calculations results depending on the method of considering of absolute heat sources.","PeriodicalId":34147,"journal":{"name":"Gornye nauki i tekhnologii","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135197770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enrichment of Algerian kaolin using froth flotation method","authors":"M. Laraba","doi":"10.17073/2500-0632-2023-04-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/2500-0632-2023-04-112","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research is to study the removal of coloring impurities from Algerian kaolin ore (Tamazert kaolin, TK) located in the eastern region of Algeria, utilizing froth flotation process. The results obtained from XRF, SEM, and XRD characterization demonstrate that this local material is an alumino-silicate containing kaolinite, along with impurities such as Fe2O3 (> 2.7 % by weight) and TiO2 (0.28 % by weight) which contribute to its coloring. After homogenization, crushing and milling, several froth flotation tests were conducted on TK. The results revealed that Tamazert kaolin exhibits favorable performance with froth flotation, in order to improve its properties. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that all fractions can be treated effectively using froth flotation with an optimal mass yield (weight recovery) of 79.84 % in concentrate for the fraction of 20–40 μm. Iron and titanium, the main coloring impurities in Tamazert kaolin, were reduced from 2.7 % to 0.08 % by weight for Fe2O3 in the fraction 20-40 μm, and from 0.28 % to 0.04 % by weight for TiO2 in the same fraction, as determined by the optimum test. The significant reduction in coloring impurities (Fe2O3 and TiO2) achieved through the flotation process confirms that iron is present in a free state in Tamazert kaolin. It can be ultimately confirmed that the froth flotation process can be a potentially effective process to improve the quality of Tamazert kaolin ore by removing Fe2O3 and TiO2 with satisfactory results which meet the requirements of local companies.","PeriodicalId":34147,"journal":{"name":"Gornye nauki i tekhnologii","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135197771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internal and cross sectional benchmarking of electrical energy use in opencast coal mine","authors":"S. A. Topno, B. S. Umre, M. V. Aware, L. K. Sahoo","doi":"10.17073/2500-0632-2023-03-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/2500-0632-2023-03-100","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical energy consumption in the opencast coal mine is very high. Electric shovels, pumps and coal handling plants consume 75% of the total electricity consumption of an opencast coal mine. In this paper, a modelling framework has been developed for electrical energy use benchmarking (internal as well as cross-sectional) of the mine. To develop a mine specific model for benchmarking electrical energy use statistical approach (linear regression method) has been applied. Specific power consumption (SPC) is used as a benchmarking index to assess the operating energy performance of a specific mine and multiple coal mines of India based on the field studies. Seasonal analysis of the electrical energy usage has also been analysed. Our results show the benchmark SPC as 0.50 kWh/t and the energy-saving potential as 10.7% for a single mine and the benchmark SPC of multiple coal mines as 0.52 kWh/t. The result concludes that SPC widely depends on its capacity and mining method and the developed model are useful for benchmarking and targeting for efficient electrical energy use in opencast mine.","PeriodicalId":34147,"journal":{"name":"Gornye nauki i tekhnologii","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135197774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of an erosion-control plant cover in a sand pit under Arctic conditions using sewage sludge","authors":"A. V. Lusis, L. A. Ivanova, T. T. Gorbachyova, A. V. Rumyantseva","doi":"10.17073/2500-0632-2023-01-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/2500-0632-2023-01-73","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the findings of a prolonged field studies that ained to assess the feasibility of using the sewage sludges (SS) form a regional water and wastewater services enterprise to expedite the establishment of a resilient erosion-control plant cover in sand pits located in the Arctic region of the Russian Federation. The study confirms the beneficial impact of the SS on the seed germination, subsequent growth, and development of plants.The study shows that SS can be used in two ways: first, by applying a continuous layer measuring 5 to 10 cm thick on the soil surface or by fragmentarily applying a layer 2–3 cm thick. Second, through early-winter sowing of seeds directly on the soil surface (under the SS layer) or on top of the sewage sludge. In both cases, an annual enhancement of the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the artificially formed stand of grass was observed. This included a significant increase in its height and density, biomass, foliage cover, and thickness of the formed sod, in contrast to the reference sample.The present study investigates the characteristics of the floristic composition of the phytocenoses formed in a sand pit. The findings demonstrate that the use of sewage sludge (SS), regardless of the quantity and application method, accelerates the restorative succession in the sand pit. The thick stand in the experimental variants, resulting from the attraction of pioneer vegetation, promotes the complexity of its structure and species composition, rapid vegetation of inner bare areas, and the emergence of natural phytocenoses elements that are specific to the zonal type of vegetation. Additionally, the use of SS stabilizes erosion processes in the study ares. Consequently, the plant community formed in the experiment using SS can be classified as ecologically sustainable, with the potential for independent existence and further development.These results can serve as a foundation for monitoring efforts and the development of measures to optimize the vegetation of such ecotopes.","PeriodicalId":34147,"journal":{"name":"Gornye nauki i tekhnologii","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134912493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amplitude-frequency response of a helically-wound fiber distributed acoustic sensor (DAS)","authors":"A. V. Chugaev, M. V. Tarantin","doi":"10.17073/2500-06322022-06-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/2500-06322022-06-10","url":null,"abstract":"The goals of this study were to analyze the capabilities of DAS (distributed sensors) in resolving mining problems, compare them with existing seismoacoustic data collection systems, and prepare the basis for conducting seismoacoustic studies with recording by a fiber optic distributed system. This paper considers the capabilities of recording seismoacoustic responses using fiber optic distributed acoustic systems (DAS). Based on physical and geometrical analysis, the amplitude-frequency responses (characteristics) of recorded longitudinal waves for straight and helically-wound fibers were obtained. In the case of helically-wound fiber, the frequency response depends on several key factors: integrating the measured value along the fiber based on the measurement; the angle of incidence on the cable; and the winding angle of the fiber in the cable. An increase in the winding angle increases the uniformity of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of longitudinal waves both in terms of frequencies and angles of incidence. At the same time, helical winding changes the effective response spacing (gauge length). This makes it possible, by summing the responses of the straight and helically-wound fibers due to the overlap of the spectra, to record frequencies that are suppressed in case of separate recording. Based on the study results, a cable design was proposed to record broadband seismoacoustic responses enabling a wide range of mining and engineering problems to be resolved, and for seismic surveys both in wells and on the surface to be carried out.","PeriodicalId":34147,"journal":{"name":"Gornye nauki i tekhnologii","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135663698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oil and Gas Potential of Superimopsed Depressions in Azerbaijan","authors":"A. A. Feizullaev, S. Kocharli, S. Abbasova","doi":"10.17073/2500-0632-2020-2-72-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/2500-0632-2020-2-72-81","url":null,"abstract":"The Republic of Azerbaijan has significant potential in the oil and gas industry, which is the basic for the country economy. Prospects for the development of oil and gas production technologies are largely determined by the effectiveness of geological and geophysical surveys and exploratory drilling. The features of the geology and oil and gas potential of the Azerbaijanian continental depression zones are considered for determining the targets for further exploration for hydrocarbons (HC). The analysis of such studies shows that the Srednekurinskaya depression (the Azerbaijani part) and the Guba-Divichinsky depression are superimposed with the corresponding features of the conditions for the formation and survival of hydrocarbon accumulations. Low oil and gas potential of the Miocene-anthropogenic strata of the discussed superimposed depressions is substantiated: this is due to low hydrocarbon potential of the rocks (especially the Lower Pliocene ones), as well as low temperatures insufficient for the conversion of organic matter to hydrocarbons. It is proposed to use poorly tectonized Jurassic and Cretaceous sediments, especially those overlaid by oil and gas generating Paleogene-Miocene strata (commercial accumulations of Muradkhanli type) as the HC exploration prospects.","PeriodicalId":34147,"journal":{"name":"Gornye nauki i tekhnologii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46266747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective International Approaches to Subsoil Public Administration","authors":"R. N. Baimishev","doi":"10.17073/2500-0632-2020-2-162-184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/2500-0632-2020-2-162-184","url":null,"abstract":"Development of economic sectors related to mining and processing industries is largely determined by national approaches to subsoil use regulation. For the Republic of Kazakhstan, having enormous geological potential, it is relevant and significant to develop and use globally competitive approaches to public administration of subsoil. Achieving these goals allows building in foreseeable future the potential for consistent and secure participation of the national economy in market interaction with leading global partners on mutually beneficial terms. In the paper, emphasis is placed on the fact that, despite forecasted promising geological data, significant excess of the scope of mining work over that of exploration is observed in the Republic of Kazakhstan. This is accompanied by low investment potential of the exploration sector. To solve the accumulated problems in the field of subsoil use, an analysis of the current situation was carried out, the causes of the current circumstances were identified, and the suggestions were made for improving the system of and approaches to public administration of subsoil, with justification of their effectiveness. The analysis convincingly showed that the reforms carried out in the field of subsoil use in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the changing trends in the global economy strongly require revising the previously used approaches to public administration of subsoil for developing the most effective system of public administration of subsoil. The study examined the international experience of public administration of subsoil in the countries that have achieved the greatest progress in this field, identified the basic principles in building a system of public administration of subsoil use, conducted historical analysis to determine the effect of the methods and approaches selected by state for subsoil administration at different stages of economic development. Based on the study findings, the risk zones of inefficient public administration of subsoil were identified, and approaches to improving the system and methods of public administration of subsoil in the Republic of Kazakhstan were proposed.","PeriodicalId":34147,"journal":{"name":"Gornye nauki i tekhnologii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45833165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}