Natural Resources Management and Biological Sciences最新文献

Human Impacts on Coral Reef Ecosystem 人类对珊瑚礁生态系统的影响

Natural Resources Management and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-10-06 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.88841

Hussein A. El-Naggar

{"title":"Human Impacts on Coral Reef Ecosystem","authors":"Hussein A. El-Naggar","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.88841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88841","url":null,"abstract":"Healthy, Coral reefs are the most spectacular, diverse and economically valuable marine ecosystems on the planet, Complex and productive, coral reefs are extremely important for biodiversity, providing a home to 35,000–60,000 species of plants and animals (over 25% of all marine life), many of which are not described by science. They are also vital for people and business. They provide nurseries for many species of commercially important fish, protection of coastal areas from storm waves. They are providing hundreds of billions of dollars in food, jobs and significant attraction for the tourism industry. Yet coral reef ecosystems have undergone phase shifts to alternate, degraded assemblages because of the combined human activates of unsustainable overfishing, intensive tourism, urbanization, sedimentation, declining water quality, pollution and primarily from the direct and indirect impacts of climate change. Most coral ecologists confirm that coral reef degradation has increased dramatically during the last three decades due to enhanced anthropogenic disturbances and their interaction with natural stressors. So, it is necessary to recognize the threats facing coral reefs from anthropogenic activities and try to minimize and mitigate these impacts.","PeriodicalId":340662,"journal":{"name":"Natural Resources Management and Biological Sciences","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121520046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Treatment of Solid Waste Containing Metals by Biological Methods 含金属固体废物的生物处理

Natural Resources Management and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-07-08 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92211

M. Gómez-Ramírez, Sergio A. Tenorio-Sánchez

{"title":"Treatment of Solid Waste Containing Metals by Biological Methods","authors":"M. Gómez-Ramírez, Sergio A. Tenorio-Sánchez","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.92211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92211","url":null,"abstract":"Methods for the treatment of hazardous wastes are based on two main approaches: either hydrometallurgy or pyrometallurgy. Biological methods are considered viable environmental-friendly technologies and have been developed in the last years and have been associated with lower cost and energy requirements, in comparison with nonbiological processes. In these methods, it is important to find suitable microorganisms to degrade organic substances under favorable conditions to complete the treatment. The advantages of biotechnological treatment of hazardous wastes are biodegradation or detoxification of a wide variety of hazardous substances using natural microorganisms, as well as the availability of a wide range of biotechnological methods for the total destruction of these wastes without the production of secondary hazardous derivatives. However, to intensify the biological treatment, it is a necessary requirement to add nutrients and acceptors of electrons, including the control of the optimal conditions. Thus, biotechnology provides a solution for the ecological degradation of harmful heavy metals and toxic chemicals. The main purpose of this chapter is to present and discuss the biological methods used in the treatment of solid waste containing metals and the advantages and disadvantages of each method.","PeriodicalId":340662,"journal":{"name":"Natural Resources Management and Biological Sciences","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128368153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Soil Carbon Restoration through Conservation Agriculture 通过保护性农业恢复土壤碳

Natural Resources Management and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-07-06 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.93006

Snigdha Chatterjee, Satarupa Ghosh, Prasanna Pal

{"title":"Soil Carbon Restoration through Conservation Agriculture","authors":"Snigdha Chatterjee, Satarupa Ghosh, Prasanna Pal","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.93006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93006","url":null,"abstract":"Poor soil fertility and soil degradation induced by persistent conventional farming with repeated tillage and removal or in situ burning of crop residue are major limitations to food security and environmental sustainability. However, degraded agricultural lands with depleted soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks are capable of soil carbon restoration through improved management practices like aggregation, humification and deep placement of C that can increase SOC seques-tration. According to FAO, conservation agriculture (CA) is arrived at as a solution to restore SOC with three pillars of minimum soil disturbance, permanent organic soil cover and diversified crop rotations. A significant increase in SOC levels under zero tillage (ZT) over conventional tillage (CT) was found; returning more crop residues to the soil is associated with an increase in SOC concentration that is further increased by crop diversification. Additionally, the incorporation of high-value trees with CA is treated as a working model for C storage. Thus, conservation agriculture is an operational approach to restore SOC that aggrades soil, reduces environmental footprints and makes agricultural systems more resilient to climate change.","PeriodicalId":340662,"journal":{"name":"Natural Resources Management and Biological Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125478047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Protected Areas in Cameroon at the Mercy of the 2035 Emergent Project 喀麦隆的保护区受2035紧急项目的支配

Natural Resources Management and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-05-22 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92086

B. M. T. Mbi, Aloysious Kohtem Lebga

{"title":"Protected Areas in Cameroon at the Mercy of the 2035 Emergent Project","authors":"B. M. T. Mbi, Aloysious Kohtem Lebga","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.92086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92086","url":null,"abstract":"Cameroon is investing efforts to protect the environment through the creation of protected areas (PAs) while at the same time longing to attain its development objectives of becoming an emergent country in 2035 through the exploitation of its natural potentials. Attaining both objectives is usually accompanied with conflicts between different ministerial departments. This paper consequently seeks to identify those PAs that overlap with other projects (mining, agro-industries, and forest exploitation) and calculate the surface area of the former that has been taken up by the later. Data were obtained from the Interactive Forestry Atlas of Cameroon Version 3.0 produced by the World Resources Institute (WRI) and its partners. Internet sites and existing reports on environmental and development issues in Cameroon among others served as important sources of information. Results demonstrate that an approximate area of more than 1 million hectares (ha) of PA land have been taken-up by the three economic development-oriented projects mentioned above. That is an estimated 1,173,479 ha, 3575 ha and 1814.44 ha of PA land that have been taken-up by mining sites, agro-industries, and forest exploitation, respectively. For both objectives to be attained, concerted efforts from all ministerial departments concerned is mandatory.","PeriodicalId":340662,"journal":{"name":"Natural Resources Management and Biological Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130280640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Water Management Strategies and Cultural Practices for Strawberry Establishment in Florida 佛罗里达草莓种植的水管理策略和栽培实践

Natural Resources Management and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-05-09 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92450

Emmanuel A. Torres-Quezada, Isabel Torres-Quezada, B. Santos

{"title":"Water Management Strategies and Cultural Practices for Strawberry Establishment in Florida","authors":"Emmanuel A. Torres-Quezada, Isabel Torres-Quezada, B. Santos","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.92450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92450","url":null,"abstract":"Florida’s strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch) production system is mainly dependent on short-day cultivars produced as bare-root (BR) transplants, which are high-yielding and low-cost options for Florida growers. The strawberry industry in Florida is greatly dependent on early yield (mid-November, early December). Therefore, Florida growers must secure rapid establishment of the BR transplants and for that reason, high volumes of irrigation water are applied to reduce air temperature around plant crowns and mitigate desiccation. This practice accounts for nearly 14.7 million m3 of irrigation water between mid-September and early October. Several alternatives are available to growers to reduce irrigation water for establishment. One of those alternatives suggests replacing BR transplants for actively growing strawberry plugs (SPs). However, the higher price of SP transplants seems to be the main limitation for their implementation. Alternately, growers could explore the possibility of introducing intermittent irrigation or low-volume sprinklers into their system to establish BR transplants. An inexpensive option, based on a large body of research, would be the application of crop protectants against excessive sun radiation, which could reduce irrigation water for establishment by up to 30%. Despite the suggested alternatives, there is still a great deal of work needed to increase grower’s confidence in these technologies.","PeriodicalId":340662,"journal":{"name":"Natural Resources Management and Biological Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126158845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Succession after Fire in a Coastal Pine Forest in Norway 挪威沿海松林火灾后的演替

Natural Resources Management and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-04-20 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92158

O. Skre

引用次数: 0

Managing and Sustaining the Coupled Water-Land-Food Systems in the Context of Global Change: How Qualitative System Dynamic Modelling Can Assist in Understanding and Designing High-Leverage Interventions 在全球变化的背景下管理和维持耦合的水-陆-粮系统:定性系统动态建模如何帮助理解和设计高杠杆干预措施

Natural Resources Management and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.89125

J. Kotir

{"title":"Managing and Sustaining the Coupled Water-Land-Food Systems in the Context of Global Change: How Qualitative System Dynamic Modelling Can Assist in Understanding and Designing High-Leverage Interventions","authors":"J. Kotir","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.89125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89125","url":null,"abstract":"The water-land-food system is essential for sustaining the basic human needs. While the demand for these resources is increasing rapidly, their sustainability has been hampered by a plethora of challenges, including rapid population growth, climate change, land-use change, and land degradation. To attain a sustainable supply and efficiently manage these resources, interactions between all resources and the factors constraining/sustaining them need to be understood. In this chapter, four systems archetypes based or grounded in the systems thinking framework and system dynamics approach were employed to explore and identify the key system drivers, factors, and processes that influence the behaviour and sustainability of water-land-food resources nexus in the Volta River Basin, West Africa. Development of the archetypes centered on a generic causal loop diagram constructed with stakeholders in previous studies capturing the linkages between the population, water system, environmental and socioeconomics. These system archetypes illustrate that the past and the current paradigm of water and land and agricultural production management is unsustainable. The results highlight key areas, which could be useful for the current and future sustainable management, even under uncertain system understanding or deficiencies in quantitative data.","PeriodicalId":340662,"journal":{"name":"Natural Resources Management and Biological Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134191316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Brazilian Amazon Plants: An Overview of Chemical Composition and Biological Activity 巴西亚马逊河流域植物:化学成分和生物活性综述

Natural Resources Management and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-03-20 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91255

Reinaldo Martins Cunha Junior, P. Domingues, Rafael Ambrosio, Caio Augusto Freitas Martins, Jéssica Badolato Corrêa da Silva, F. A. Pieri

引用次数: 2

Ground Forest Inventory and Assessment of Carbon Stocks in Sierra Leone, West Africa 西非塞拉利昂地面森林资源清查和碳储量评估

Natural Resources Management and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-02-04 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.88950

S. B. Mattia, S. Sesay

{"title":"Ground Forest Inventory and Assessment of Carbon Stocks in Sierra Leone, West Africa","authors":"S. B. Mattia, S. Sesay","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.88950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88950","url":null,"abstract":"Forest and woodland are renewable natural resources providing basic human necessities. They have the ability to sequester carbon and mitigate climate change. Sustainable forest management is guided by forest mensuration and inventory which include measuring and calculating growth and changes in trees and forests. The objective of the study was to estimate timber resources and carbon stock using simple hand tools in Kasewe and Singamba forests in the southern part of Sierra Leone. All trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 10 cm were measured in every plot for DBH, and three trees were measured for height. The correlation between mean wood volume and carbon stock was highly significant. For Kasewe plantation forest, mean wood volume and carbon stock were 151 m3 ha−1 and 44 t C ha−1, respectively, and for the Singamba natural forest, they were 181 m3 ha−1 and 82 t C ha−1, respectively. The linear correlation between basal area and volume, DBH and volume and basal area and total biomass was significant for the plantation species tested. Realistic national forest inventory and community forestry are inevitable for sustainable forest management in Sierra Leone.","PeriodicalId":340662,"journal":{"name":"Natural Resources Management and Biological Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130815046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Human Factors: The Impact on Industry and the Environment 人为因素:对工业和环境的影响

Natural Resources Management and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2019-12-14 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90419

Fiona J. Campbell

引用次数: 4