{"title":"Floods in the Iberian Peninsula","authors":"R. Garcia, M. Machado","doi":"10.1201/B12348-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/B12348-24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":340268,"journal":{"name":"Changes in Flood Risk in Europe","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125272061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Detection and Attribution of Climate Change and Its Impacts","authors":"Z. Kundzewicz, Wolfgang Cramer","doi":"10.1201/B12348-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/B12348-23","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of change builds upon the assumption that some kind of constancy or repeatability naturally exists in the system of interest, and that change is a negation of such constancy. For example, one may compare some characteristic of temperature (e.g. its average, at a location of interest, regionally, or globally), for two different longer time periods, e.g. 30-year climatological standard normals. When detecting a significant difference in the distribution of temperature between the two periods, one might conclude that this temperature has differed between the two periods. This, in turn, would lead to the conclusion that something in the system has changed. Usually, the nature of the change is of interest. For example, one might observe a trend as a continued change that occurs over time. This trend might be viewed either as a manifestation of a time-dependent deterministic component (possibly with a known underlying mechanism), or simply as a tendency in the statistical properties of the process. Detection is the act of extraction of particular information from a larger stream of information (e.g. determination of presence or absence of a useful signal in telecommunication). It is the process of becoming aware that a change has occurred. The process of detection is germane to the work of any detective attempting to reconstruct a sequence of past events, based on whatever information is available and considered relevant. Detection of change in a time series of observations (e.g. related to climate and its impacts) means demonstrating that a system has changed in some statistical sense, i.e. that an observed change is unusual, significantly different from what can be explained by natural internal variability. Detection itself does not identify a cause for the change. Detectability, i.e. the possibility of detecting a change depends on signal-to-noise ratio, and the relative size of the trend versus any natural variability (amplitude and duration of change). It may not be possible to detect a weak signal amidst a strong natural variability. Usually trends of simple shape (linear, low-order polynomial, piecewise linear, i.e. broken line, exponential, etc.) are considered. Different trend shapes are possible, including steeper trends similar to abrupt step-like changes. There is a continuum of cases and, in practice, the terms “trend” and “change” can be almost interchangeable. One can also speak of trends in a non-parametric, comparative sense; e.g. an increasing","PeriodicalId":340268,"journal":{"name":"Changes in Flood Risk in Europe","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114885567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Hattermann, Z. Kundzewicz, Shaochun Huang, T. Vetter, W. Kron, O. Burghoff, B. Merz, A. Bronstert, V. Krysanova, F. Gerstengarbe, P. Werner, Ylva Hauf
{"title":"Flood Risk from a Holistic Perspective – Observed Changes in Germany","authors":"F. Hattermann, Z. Kundzewicz, Shaochun Huang, T. Vetter, W. Kron, O. Burghoff, B. Merz, A. Bronstert, V. Krysanova, F. Gerstengarbe, P. Werner, Ylva Hauf","doi":"10.1201/B12348-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/B12348-11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":340268,"journal":{"name":"Changes in Flood Risk in Europe","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114419922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iwona Pinkswar, Z. Kundzewicz, P. Peduzzi, G. Brakenridge, K. Stahl, J. Hannaford
{"title":"Changing Floods in Europe","authors":"Iwona Pinkswar, Z. Kundzewicz, P. Peduzzi, G. Brakenridge, K. Stahl, J. Hannaford","doi":"10.1201/b12348-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/b12348-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":340268,"journal":{"name":"Changes in Flood Risk in Europe","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115767958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Demetris Koutsoyiannis, N. Mamassis, A. Efstratiadis, N. Zarkadoulas, I. Markonis
{"title":"Floods in Greece","authors":"Demetris Koutsoyiannis, N. Mamassis, A. Efstratiadis, N. Zarkadoulas, I. Markonis","doi":"10.1201/B12348-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/B12348-12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":340268,"journal":{"name":"Changes in Flood Risk in Europe","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123622706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Brázdil, Z. Kundzewicz, G. Benito, G. Demarée, N. Macdonald, L. Roald
{"title":"Historical Floods in Europe in the Past Millennium","authors":"R. Brázdil, Z. Kundzewicz, G. Benito, G. Demarée, N. Macdonald, L. Roald","doi":"10.1201/B12348-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/B12348-8","url":null,"abstract":"The paper focuses on floods in Europe derived from documentary evidence during the past millennium. The beginnings of early-instrumental and systematic-instrumental hydrological observations in Europe are discussed. Basic sources of documentary evidence related to floods and the problems that may be encountered in the use of historical source materials are described. An overview of documentary-based flood research in the form of long-term frequency and severity series, as well as a summary of the most disastrous floods in the Mediterranean, Western, Central and Northern Europe, is presented. The role and value of floods described in the documentary record to better understanding current flood risks in Europe are discussed.","PeriodicalId":340268,"journal":{"name":"Changes in Flood Risk in Europe","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127979581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Changes in Intense Precipitation in Europe","authors":"O. Zolina","doi":"10.1201/B12348-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/B12348-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":340268,"journal":{"name":"Changes in Flood Risk in Europe","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125796520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Floods in Switzerland","authors":"P. Schmocker-Fackel, F. Naef","doi":"10.1201/b12348-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/b12348-21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":340268,"journal":{"name":"Changes in Flood Risk in Europe","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124269113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Floods in France","authors":"Ignazio Giuntoli, B. Renard, M. Lang","doi":"10.1201/B12348-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/B12348-10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":340268,"journal":{"name":"Changes in Flood Risk in Europe","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121186182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrzej Dobrowolski, H. Lorenc, Tadeusz Niedźwiedź, I. Pińskwar, P. Kowalczak
{"title":"Floods in the Alpine Areas of Europe","authors":"Andrzej Dobrowolski, H. Lorenc, Tadeusz Niedźwiedź, I. Pińskwar, P. Kowalczak","doi":"10.1201/b12348-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/b12348-20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":340268,"journal":{"name":"Changes in Flood Risk in Europe","volume":"242 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116248871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}