{"title":"Laser-Excited Optical Filters: Laser Power Requirements","authors":"T. Shay","doi":"10.1364/lors.1987.tuc17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/lors.1987.tuc17","url":null,"abstract":"Narrow bandwidth optical sources are readily available. However, tunable narrow bandwidth, wide field-of-view optical filters are not available. The laser-excited optical filters (LEOF) presented here are in principle tunable narrow bandwidth, wide field-of-view optical filters. These filters can simultaneously provide high resolution (0.001 nm), wide field-of-view (2π), high quantum efficiency, and electrically tunable optical filtering. Narrow bandwidth operation of laser-pumped atomic vapor filters were first demonstrated by Gelbwachs et al1., by Marling et al.2, and recently by Chung et al.3 The first electrical tuning of these devices was demonstrated by Gelbwachs et. al.4 In addition, alkali vapor based LEOFs can operate on 130 transitions between 921 and 474 nm. LEOFs are ideally suited for extracting weak narrow bandwidth signals buried in strong nonresonant optical background radiation. Potential applications of these filters include laser radar, laser communications, detection of Raman radiation, atomic spectroscopy, etc.","PeriodicalId":339230,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Laser and Optical Remote Sensing: Instrumentation and Techniques","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128428314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design Concepts for An Advanced Airborne Meteorological Lidar (LASE II)","authors":"G. Schwemmer","doi":"10.1364/lors.1987.wc16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/lors.1987.wc16","url":null,"abstract":"The use of differential absorption lidar (DIAL) instruments in high altitude aircraft platforms for mesoscale meteorological applications dictates requirements on the instrument systems which approximate or approach spacecraft platform requirements. Unattended automated operation, power, mass, volume, and data rate may be constrained to some extent. The ability to utilize such a platform provides a good opportunity to demonstrate technology developments which will enhance the possibility of developing spaceborne lidar atmospheric sounders. This paper describes the investigation of techniques to increase alexandrite laser efficiency and frequency stability, and the use of Fabry-Perot etalons in a double narrow-passband receiver filter.","PeriodicalId":339230,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Laser and Optical Remote Sensing: Instrumentation and Techniques","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125706554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lidar Measurements of the Troposphere","authors":"A. Carswell, S. Pal, A. Cunningham","doi":"10.1364/lors.1987.thb3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/lors.1987.thb3","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on an extended program of measurements of tropospheric properties using lidar remote sensing techniques. Two lidar systems have been employed. One is a dual frequency ruby lidar operating at low pulse repetition frequency (~0.2 Hz) and high energy output (~ 3 J @ 694 nm and ~450 mJ @ 347 nm) and the other is a Xe Cl excimer lidar operating at a single ultraviolet wavelength (308 nm) with prfs of up to 50 Hz at energy levels of the order of 50 mJ. Both systems are equipped with high speed digitizers (100 MHz) and are coupled to IBM PC's for data capture and analysis. The excimer lidar data system also includes a high speed signal averaging system. The ruby system has a multichannel receiver so that several return signals (at different wavelengths or polarizations) can be recorded simultaneously but the Xe Cl lidar has only a single receiving channel.","PeriodicalId":339230,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Laser and Optical Remote Sensing: Instrumentation and Techniques","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121759661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nonlinear Optical Interaction of Laser Radiation with Water Droplets","authors":"R. Chang","doi":"10.1364/lors.1987.tha1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/lors.1987.tha1","url":null,"abstract":"In considering high-intensity laser propagation through the atmosphere, nonlinear optical effects such as stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS), superbroadening, self-focusing, and dielectric breakdown of the optically transparent air become even more important when the air contains water droplets. For transparent water droplets with large size parameter (defined as droplet circumference 2πa divided by wavelength of interest λ), the droplet can be envisioned as a lens to concentrate the incident intensity (10) at three main locations:1 (1) outside the shadow face with ≅ 103 × 10; (2) inside the shadow face with ≅ 102 × 10; and (3) inside the illuminated face with less than 102 × 10. The nonuniform internal-field distribution and internal intensity enhancement significantly affect the nonlinear optical effects. Furthermore, a large transparent droplet can be envisioned as an optical cavity for specific internal wavelengths which satisfy the droplet cavity resonance condition [commonly referred to as morphology-dependent resonances (MDR’s)] associated with a sphere or spheroid.2-4 An analogy to a Fabry-Perot interferometer can be made by associating the liquid-air interface with the reflector (via total internal reflection) and the droplet circumference with the round-trip distance. For spheres5,6 and spheroids,7 the Q-factor of the droplet and the precise wavelengths which satisfy the MDR’s can be predicted by Lorenz-Mie and T-matrix formalism.","PeriodicalId":339230,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Laser and Optical Remote Sensing: Instrumentation and Techniques","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115912877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Rodgers, R. Stickel, K. Asai, J. Bradshaw, D. Davis
{"title":"A Portable UV-DIAL System for Ground-Based Measurements of Lower-Stratospheric Ozone Profiles: Design and Performance Simulation","authors":"M. Rodgers, R. Stickel, K. Asai, J. Bradshaw, D. Davis","doi":"10.1364/lors.1987.wc20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/lors.1987.wc20","url":null,"abstract":"Recent developments in stratospheric chemistry such as the observation of a springtime \"ozone hole\" over the Antarctic1, have illustrated the need for a rugged, lightweight instrument for the determination of lower stratospheric ozone profiles over remote areas. Variations of the widely-used UV-DIAL methodology2 appear to provide the most promising approach to the development of such and instrument.","PeriodicalId":339230,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Laser and Optical Remote Sensing: Instrumentation and Techniques","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131888289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Simple System for Frequency Locking Two CO2 Lasers","authors":"D. Draper, J. Holmes, J. Hunt, J. Peacock","doi":"10.1364/lors.1987.wc6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/lors.1987.wc6","url":null,"abstract":"An optical heterodyne system requires a local oscillator which tracks the frequency of the transmitter. Otherwise the heterodyned signal, which has a frequency equal to the difference between the transmitted and local oscillator frequencies, would drift outside the bandwidth of the receiver.","PeriodicalId":339230,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Laser and Optical Remote Sensing: Instrumentation and Techniques","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127824764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"GASCOSCAN and GASCOFIL-Remote Sensing Gas Correlation Spectrometers for Tropospheric Trace Gas Measurements","authors":"W. Morrow, R. W. Nicholls","doi":"10.1364/lors.1987.tuc9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/lors.1987.tuc9","url":null,"abstract":"Correlation spectroscopy, which is a powerful diagnostic tool for the determination and monitoring of trace atmospheric contaminants, involves a correlative comparison between the features of a \"field spectrum\" of a specific region of the atmosphere, and the features of a \"mask function\" which is representative of the spectral absorption features of the molecular species of interest. The degree of correlation between these can be interpreted quantitatively as a direct measure of the column density of the species of interest in the instrumental field of view.","PeriodicalId":339230,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Laser and Optical Remote Sensing: Instrumentation and Techniques","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125840179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Raman Shifted Dye Laser for DIAL Measurements of Atmospheric Temperature, Pressure and Density","authors":"U. Singh, R. Mahon, T. Wilkerson","doi":"10.1364/lors.1987.wc2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/lors.1987.wc2","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) measurements in the A-band of molecular oxygen have been suggested1-5 as a means of profiling atmospheric variables such as temperature, pressure, and density. Laser sources of pulsed, tunable (760 - 770 nm) and narrow-bandwidth (0.02 - 0.03 cm-1) radiation, having a high degree of spectral purity (>99%) in this region of the oxygen A-band, are thus highly desirable. This paper reports on the current state of progress in our laboratory efforts in this field.","PeriodicalId":339230,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Laser and Optical Remote Sensing: Instrumentation and Techniques","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127440326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Polychromatic Holographic Correlation Techniques for Enhancing Resolution in Remote Sensing Applications","authors":"R. Sambasivan","doi":"10.1364/lors.1987.tuc24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/lors.1987.tuc24","url":null,"abstract":"In optical remote sensing by photo-reconnaissance satellites or in ground-observation by orbiting space telescopes, the diffraction-limited theoretical resolution possible, is degraded by accidental & vibratory motion of the imaging camera, defocussing, atmospheric turbulence effects on satellite-pictures transmitted, etc. For instance, an orbiting space telescope (height, \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 h\u0000 ′\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 =\u0000 275\u0000 \u0000 km\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 above earth) with an effective focal length, f = 57.6m and equipped with a CCD camera with pixel, d = 15 microns, has a theoretical resolution: \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 R\u0000 =\u0000 \u0000 (\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 h\u0000 ′\u0000 \u0000 d\u0000 \u0000 /\u0000 f\u0000 \u0000 )\u0000 \u0000 →\u0000 =\u0000 7.16\u0000 \u0000 cm\u0000 (\u0000 !\u0000 )\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 on ground; however, in practice due to image-degradation, the feasible resolution is of 10-15m only(which can be improved with rigid satellite attitude-control, to 1-2m).","PeriodicalId":339230,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Laser and Optical Remote Sensing: Instrumentation and Techniques","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128941900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of Coupled-Cavity Laser Diodes for Remote Sensing","authors":"R. Defreez, R. Elliott, J. Puretz, J. Orloff","doi":"10.1364/lors.1987.wb3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/lors.1987.wb3","url":null,"abstract":"Several recent developments in diode laser technology such as multiple emitter phase-locked arrays and epitaxial growth of materials that can be used to make lasers which emit at wavelengths ranging from the visible through the near infrared make these devices attractive candidates as sources for spectroscopic applications and remote sensing systems. The perceived advantages of diode lasers include efficiency, small size and weight, and direct modulation capability. But in fact mode hopping under current modulation, wavelength drift with temperature, and their relatively broad linewidths make conventional diode lasers less than ideal sources for laser spectroscopy. Elaborate stabilization schemes and external cavities are often used to overcome these shortcomings.","PeriodicalId":339230,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Laser and Optical Remote Sensing: Instrumentation and Techniques","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124912289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}