Политика и Общество最新文献

{"title":"The connection of religiosity and political preferences: the experience of foreign and domestic research","authors":"Mikhail Denisovich Baikov","doi":"10.7256/2454-0684.2024.1.68945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7256/2454-0684.2024.1.68945","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The subject of the study is the relationship between religiosity and political preferences of the voter; the object is actual statistical and scientific research on the problems of electoral behavior in Russia, Eastern Europe and the United States of America. The article summarizes the most popular research approaches in the study of the influence of religion on politics, the author presents a brief summary of the materials of influential scientific papers, on the basis of which he makes his own conclusions. The article presents a comparative analysis of domestic and foreign experience in the study of the relationship between religion and politics. The author notes that foreign studies in this area have a more extensive database, thanks to a long study of the problem of the relationship between religiosity and political preferences. Nevertheless, Russian researchers also continue to develop this topic and emphasize the increasing role of the religious factor in the politics of the modern Russian Federation. The results obtained by the author are achieved through the use of the methodology of review and critical analysis of statistical research and scientific literature. It is concluded that religiosity and political preferences in the United States and European countries have an impact on the final electoral field. In Russia, scientists recognize the insignificant influence of the religious factor on the general trends of political behavior. Nevertheless, among the believers of Russia, the connection between their religiosity and preferences exists and differs depending on the degree of this very religiosity. It is important to note that the use of data from polling stations and in-depth interviewing in the Russian reality can significantly distort the databases of sociological data. These features of the Russian research field create understandable limitations that are often ignored by researchers, and therefore the data are incomplete. In the conclusion of the article, the author notes the possibility of interaction of religiosity and political preferences through the construct above them.\u0000","PeriodicalId":339167,"journal":{"name":"Политика и Общество","volume":"355 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139632278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of the monograph by Academician V.A. Cherepanov \"Stavropol Krai as a federal subject of the Russian Federation. Constitutional and legal study\"","authors":"A. Sadounichy","doi":"10.7256/2454-0684.2024.1.48485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7256/2454-0684.2024.1.48485","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The monography provides an analysis of the state powers’ separation functioning in the constitutional practice of the Russian regional subjects. It deals with the complex description of public authority mechanisms in Stavropol Krai, highlighting the essential features of the modern structure of the Russian state system. In this context the author justifies the issue of democracy, the construction of new legal models, their conditionality and impact on domestic policy processes. As a subject of this comprehensive study of constitutional and administrative mechanisms, the author establishes the features functioning of the principle of separation of state powers in constitutional practice of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, legal models with taking into account regional characteristics. This work integrates the unique style of scientific comprehension and research materials. By the reflection of this type V. Cherepanov lays the base for continuing further researches of the regional statehood’s development trends in all the regions of the Federation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":339167,"journal":{"name":"Политика и Общество","volume":"10 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139537121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potential of International Law for Regulating Tourist Relations at the World Heritage Site Lake Baikal","authors":"R. Kolobov, Y. Ditsevich, E. O. Ganeva, Lev Vladimirovich Borodin","doi":"10.7256/2454-0684.2023.3.43805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7256/2454-0684.2023.3.43805","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The research subject in this article is the international and national practice of regulation and implementation of activities in the field of tourism in the Central Ecological zone of the Baikal Natural Territory. Based on the materials from the authorities as part of the analysis of the impact of tourism activities on the ecosystem of the \"Lake Baikal\" World Heritage site, conclusions are formulated about the possibility of deterioration of its ecological state and the emergence of social tension in the event of an increase in the number of tourists on its shores. The content of guidelines on the organization of tourism at UNESCO World Heritage sites is disclosed, and the most successful international practices of tourism management are correlated with the implementation of regional programs for the development and organization of sustainable tourism. The conclusion is formulated about the importance of collecting information about the tourist infrastructure and statistical data. The program documents defining the policy in the field of tourism in the Central ecological zone of the Baikal Natural Territory are analyzed, and the conclusion is made that there is no unified strategy for the development of Baikal as a World Heritage site. The factor of significant influence and participation of the local population in the implementation of tourist activities is noted, and the need for the involvement of the local population in the planning of tourist activities is indicated. The main content of the Global Initiative to Reduce Plastic Consumption in Tourism and recommendations for improving procurement activities in the tourism sector are revealed. The problem of compliance with moral and ethical requirements by stakeholders in tourism is noted as an underestimated problem. The study resulted in recommendations both on the modernization of the existing domestic regulatory framework and the development of new documents in the field of sustainable tourism.\u0000","PeriodicalId":339167,"journal":{"name":"Политика и Общество","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133516617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Problem of the Legitimacy of the Political Elite","authors":"Anastasiya Sergeevna Zaseeva, Mariya Igorevna Ivanova","doi":"10.7256/2454-0684.2023.3.43801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7256/2454-0684.2023.3.43801","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The object of this study is the problem of the legitimacy of the political elite. The subject of the study is the views of a number of Western and domestic researchers on the political elite. The study aims to generalize the views of theorists from different countries and periods of time regarding the qualities of the political elite as a legitimizing foundation. The dialectical method, which was used in the analysis of the categories of \"political elite\" and \"legitimacy,\" their essence and interrelation, played a decisive role in achieving the goal of this study. This method has become key in understanding the texts of the works under study. The method of system-structural analysis allowed us to explore the views of the philosophers in question holistically—when the authors' positions complement each other and create a general picture of the understanding of the legitimacy of the political elite. The conclusion of the study is as follows: in the modern world, the main method of legitimizing the political elite is a democratic election procedure, but the choice of citizens should be based on a clear idea of the qualities of a political leader, confidence that the candidate has serious professional competencies, as well as deep moral convictions and moral principles. This will help to avoid falling under the power of amateurs who put their incompetence and lack of values, stability, and security in society at risk. The result of the study of the ideas of domestic and Western philosophers is the confirmation of the judgment that the legitimate political elite should be considered people with high moral and spiritual values acquired or consolidated as a result of traditional upbringing, classical education, military service, and long-term work experience in the social and political sphere.\u0000","PeriodicalId":339167,"journal":{"name":"Политика и Общество","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125063606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of Corruption in Commercial Organizations: The Criminological Aspect","authors":"Viktoriya Vital'evna Kostrykina","doi":"10.7256/2454-0684.2023.3.43800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7256/2454-0684.2023.3.43800","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The subject of this study is the provision of the current national legislation regulating legal relations in organizations, generally recognized principles and norms of international law in the field of combating corruption, the provision of the current anti-corruption legislation and other by-laws of the Russian Federation, norms establishing legal responsibility for corruption offenses in organizations, scientific works on these issues, information from the media, and judicial practice. Dialectical, system-structural, formal-logical, and other scientific research methods were used in this work. The study aims to substantiate corruption in commercial organizations as an independent criminological system/structural phenomenon. Organizations carry out their activities in various spheres of society, be it social, economic, political, spiritual, and others. Corruption in commercial organizations is a great public danger, as it encroaches on the everyday activities of commercial organizations and the interests of the state, society, and individual citizens. In the scientific literature, a significant number of scientific papers are devoted to various aspects of corruption in this area. At the same time, the question of the socio-legal characteristics of this type of corruption for the domestic legal doctrine remains open today. The article discusses the main signs of corruption in commercial organizations and its features.\u0000","PeriodicalId":339167,"journal":{"name":"Политика и Общество","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130169457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Russian E-commerce Market During COVID-19: Legal Regulation and Trends","authors":"Mariya Vladimirovna Vronskaya, Maksim Andreevich Isaev","doi":"10.7256/2454-0684.2023.2.43808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7256/2454-0684.2023.2.43808","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The subject of this paper’s research is the peculiarities of legal regulation and development of the e-commerce market during the COVID-19 pandemic. The author examines in detail the concept of \"e-commerce,\" which is understood as an economic sphere that combines trade and financial transactions that are carried out through contactless interaction of the parties involved. The article also analyzes the system of legal regulation of the e-commerce market and identifies trends for further improvement. Particular attention is paid to the impact of the pandemic on civil law turnover, resulting in the e-commerce market becoming the dominant commodity exchange in the Russian Federation. The study provides statistics on commodity exchange on online platforms for 2021–2022, which has grown significantly compared to previous years. The author’s main conclusions are that the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the processes of digitalization in all spheres of public life, as a result of which trade and financial transactions, for the most part, began to be carried out via the Internet and laid the foundation of the digital economy; to date, electronic commerce has become predominant, but is not devoid of shortcomings of legal regulation; trends of strengthening digital transformation are aimed at delineating the legal status and responsibility of participants in trade (\"marketplace,\" \"online store,\" etc.), expanding the list of types of digital assets and determining their legal regime (account, etc.). \u0000","PeriodicalId":339167,"journal":{"name":"Политика и Общество","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123340362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Philosophical and Legal Heritage of V.S. Nersesyants","authors":"V. Gorban, V. Gruzdev","doi":"10.7256/2454-0684.2023.2.43810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7256/2454-0684.2023.2.43810","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article analyzes the legal views of one of the most interesting and original philosophers of the law from the last quarter of the twentieth century to the beginning of the twenty-first century and Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, V.S. Nersesyants. His legal ideas are rooted in ancient philosophy and German idealistic philosophy. Therefore, comparing his legal views with those of the Hegelian philosophy of law, taking into account both Nersesyants' dissertations, is traditional for contemporary connoisseurs of the theory of law. However, as the experience of a more detailed and in-depth analysis shows, interesting points of similarity of his ideas are also connected with other representatives of the German intellectual and philosophical culture of thinking about law. It is the understanding of the nature of the successive and new aspects in Nersesyants' system of legal views that can serve as the basis for the development of his legal views in modern topical and prospective studies. The scientific novelty of the conducted research of Nersesyants's philosophical and legal heritage consists of some significant clarifications of the nature of his ideas, clarifying their connection with the ideas of Hegelian philosophy and the teachings of I. Kant, I. Fichte, G. Mehmel, as well as the later ideas of the neo-Kantian lawyer R. Stammler. At the same time, comparing Nersesyants' legal views and the interpretation of the law in G. Mehmel's Pure Doctrine of Law allows us to present Nersesyants' theory of law as an original version of this doctrine. The article also points to the inexplicability of the concept of justice in Nersesyants' philosophy of law and promising studies of social theory as a prerequisite for the socio-practical doctrine of civilization. \u0000","PeriodicalId":339167,"journal":{"name":"Политика и Общество","volume":"58 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114005009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformation of Certain Principles Governing the Formation and Activity of Public Authorities","authors":"N. Embulaeva, A. Shapovalov, Vladislav Gennad'evich Sluchevskii","doi":"10.7256/2454-0684.2023.2.43812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7256/2454-0684.2023.2.43812","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The focus of this study is public relations pertaining to the implementation of specific principles governing the establishment and operation of public authorities at various levels. The analysis centers on the principle of electing officials for legislative bodies at the state and local self-governance levels, as well as the heads of Russian Federation regions. The author explores the transformation of principles guiding the actions of public authorities by examining the interplay between public and private interests within the structures of power. Special attention is given to the principles of upholding citizen trust in state actions, the preservation of individuals, and the accountability of authorities to voters (including the institution of recalling elected officials). The study's key findings propose the incorporation of educational qualifications for officials in federal and regional government bodies into legislation. It is deemed appropriate to establish a requirement of higher education for individuals seeking positions such as state leaders, regional heads, and legislative deputies. Additionally, mechanisms for recalling all elected officials should be established in legislation, enabling the population to remove dishonest officials who fail to uphold the trust placed in them. Given demographic challenges, it is also advisable to enshrine the principle of safeguarding the well-being of individuals in the activities of public authorities.\u0000","PeriodicalId":339167,"journal":{"name":"Политика и Общество","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130183480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problems of Law Enforcement Agency Interaction to Ensure National Security","authors":"V. V. Begeza","doi":"10.7256/2454-0684.2023.1.43799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7256/2454-0684.2023.1.43799","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Ensuring national security and measures to protect it are at the heart of the prosperity of any State and its people. The Russian Federation's modern national security system, which is a complex, multi-level system, plays a vital role in ensuring state and public security. The elements of this system are represented by security at various levels, interacting and functioning through direct and feedback links. An important direction of the Russian Federation's National Security Strategy is consolidating law enforcement agencies and civil society institutions to create positive external and internal conditions to implement national interests and priorities. In this article, the author examines the activities of law enforcement agencies aimed at ensuring national security and issues of interaction. The problem of law enforcement agencies' effectiveness in ensuring the Russian Federation's national security is also considered based on an analysis of regulatory legal acts and the effectiveness of law enforcement agencies. The system of safeguarding and protecting national security is considered in the totality of subjects in interaction, as well as various bodies, forces, and means of ensuring security at a national level, provided through existing legal norms. What determines the necessary relevance of the important issues under consideration in the current situation? \u0000","PeriodicalId":339167,"journal":{"name":"Политика и Общество","volume":"AES-9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126518036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Urban Planning and the Socio-Economic Development of Cities in Russia","authors":"R. B. Mutalipov","doi":"10.7256/2454-0684.2023.1.43811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7256/2454-0684.2023.1.43811","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article analyzes features of urban planning and socio-economic development in Russia concerning problems that require legislative resolution. The author uses analysis, synthesis, formal legal, and logical methods to explore urban planning and socio-economic development issues. The dialectical method was applied to analyze legislation and its emerging practice. It was revealed that the change in the functional zones of urban land can often be carried out unreasonably, which leads to challenging these changes in court. At the same time, the consequences of such contestation by the legislator are not directly indicated, leading to legal uncertainty regarding the possible use of the land. It is proposed to legislate the consequences of declaring disputed changes invalid by the court, including restoring the former functional zone and bringing the territorial zone in line with the functional one by introducing changes to city authorities' land use and development rules. Based on the study's results on the practice of socio-economic development of cities, it was established that master plans and concepts are being developed in cities, the adoption of which is not provided for by the legislation on urban planning and strategic planning. According to the author, it is necessary to amend the Federal Law \"On Strategic Planning in the Russian Federation\" and supplement the list of municipal strategic planning documents with master plans and the concept of the city's development, which will correspond to the established practice. It is expected that the proposed ideas will improve the efficiency of urban space management and attract private investment in the formation of a comfortable urban environment. \u0000","PeriodicalId":339167,"journal":{"name":"Политика и Общество","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122847365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}