Marine Ecology - Biotic and Abiotic Interactions最新文献

Geo-Biological Coupling of Authigenic Carbonate Formation and Autotrophic Faunal Colonization at Deep-Sea Methane Seeps I: Geo-Biological Settings 深海甲烷渗漏中自生碳酸盐形成与自养动物定植的地球生物学耦合I:地球生物学背景

Marine Ecology - Biotic and Abiotic Interactions Pub Date : 2018-08-01 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76976

T. Naganuma

{"title":"Geo-Biological Coupling of Authigenic Carbonate Formation and Autotrophic Faunal Colonization at Deep-Sea Methane Seeps I: Geo-Biological Settings","authors":"T. Naganuma","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76976","url":null,"abstract":"Methane (CH4) in sub-seafloor sediment is generated both biologically and non-biologically from organic and inorganic sources. A major part of the sub-seafloor methane is oxidized before leakage via “anaerobic oxidation of methane” (AOM) in the subsurface. The AOM-survivor methane, which is relatively minor part of the subsurface methane, leaches to the overlying water column and is eventually subject to thorough anaerobic and aerobic oxidation in the water column. The AOM with sulfate results in the generation of carbon dioxide and sulfide; the former (CO2) is incorporated into authigenic carbonate and autotrophic biomass, and the autotrophy is energetically driven by oxidation of the latter (H2S). These processes are typically observed at focused sites that are generally known as “methane seeps” or hydrocarbon seeps, or occasionally called as cold seeps in comparison with hydrothermal vents. Methane seeps are typically formed in passive and active continental margins, occasionally with unique features such as exposed methane hydrates, mud volcanoes, asphalt volcanoes, salt diapirs, and brine pools. Accordingly, authigenic carbonates and unique biological communities are shaped at respective methane seeps. This chapter overviews geological and biological setting for the formation of methane seeps associated with unique landscapes of carbonates and biomes.","PeriodicalId":338954,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology - Biotic and Abiotic Interactions","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127399728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Overview on Mediterranean Shark’s Fisheries: Impact on the Biodiversity 地中海鲨鱼渔业综述:对生物多样性的影响

Marine Ecology - Biotic and Abiotic Interactions Pub Date : 2018-08-01 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74923

M. Bradai, Bechir Saidi, S. Enajjar

{"title":"Overview on Mediterranean Shark’s Fisheries: Impact on the Biodiversity","authors":"M. Bradai, Bechir Saidi, S. Enajjar","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74923","url":null,"abstract":"Bibliographic analysis shows that the Mediterranean Sea is a hot spot for cartilaginous spe- cies biodiversity, including sharks, rays, and chimaeras; 49 sharks and 36 rays were recorded in this region. However, they are by far the most endangered group of marine fish in the Mediterranean Sea. The IUCN Red List shows clearly the vulnerability of elasmobranchs and the lack of data; 39 species (53% of 73 assessed species) are critically endangered, endan- gered, or vulnerable. The biological characteristics of elasmobranchs (low fecundity, late maturity, and slow growth) make them more vulnerable to fishing pressure than most tele - ost fish. Overfishing, the wide use of nonselective fishing practices, and habitat degradation are leading to dramatic declines of these species in the Mediterranean Sea. In general, elas- mobranchs are not targeted but are caught incidentally. In many fisheries, they are, how -ever, often landed and marketed. A decline in cartilaginous fish species landings has been observed while fishing effort has generally increased. Better understanding of the composi tion of incidental and targeted catches of sharks by commercial fisheries are fundamentally important for the conservation of these populations. Moreover, problems encountered by elasmobranchs in the area are highlighted, and conservation measures are suggested.","PeriodicalId":338954,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology - Biotic and Abiotic Interactions","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123574493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26

The Role of Microalgae in Renewable Energy Production: Challenges and Opportunities 微藻在可再生能源生产中的作用:挑战与机遇

Marine Ecology - Biotic and Abiotic Interactions Pub Date : 2018-08-01 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73573

Abd-Ellatif M. Hussian

{"title":"The Role of Microalgae in Renewable Energy Production: Challenges and Opportunities","authors":"Abd-Ellatif M. Hussian","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73573","url":null,"abstract":"Microalgae are one of the most effective sources of renewable energy production. It can grow at high rates and capable of producing oil along the year. Microalgae biomass was first suggested as a feedstock for biofuel production and received early attention for commercial application. Microalgae are expected to be a vital raw material for amino acids, vitamins and productions of valuable byproducts. The cultivation of microalgae is known to be the most gainful business in the biotechnological industry. It is a waste less, environmentally pure, energy and resource saving route. Biodiesel production from algal lipid is non-toxic and highly biodegradable. Conversion of biomass to biofuel can be achieved by different methods which are broadly classified into: thermal, chemical and biochemical methods, in addition to the large number of different agents for decompos-ing and hydrolysing. We can obtain the low-cost energy production from the wastewater treatment by using microalgae. Finally, biodiesel production by microalgae in Egypt is not practical at the economical level. In order to improve biodiesel fuel quality, the alga must be subjected to genetic engineering for up-regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis and/ or by down-regulation of β -oxidation. Economically, the algal biomass must be processed for bio-refinery to maximize its utilization for different applications.","PeriodicalId":338954,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology - Biotic and Abiotic Interactions","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125903258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Introductory Chapter: Marine Ecology—Biotic and Abiotic Interactions 导论章:海洋生态-生物和非生物相互作用

Marine Ecology - Biotic and Abiotic Interactions Pub Date : 2018-08-01 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78296

M. Turkoglu, U. Önal, A. İşmen

引用次数: 2

Marine Stock Enhancement in India: Current Status and Future Prospects 印度海洋种群的增加:现状和未来展望

Marine Ecology - Biotic and Abiotic Interactions Pub Date : 2018-08-01 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75175

M. Serajuddin, F. Bano, M. Awasthi, PragyaGupta, G. Kumar

{"title":"Marine Stock Enhancement in India: Current Status and Future Prospects","authors":"M. Serajuddin, F. Bano, M. Awasthi, PragyaGupta, G. Kumar","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75175","url":null,"abstract":"India is a 12 mega-diversity nation known for its biodiversity richness. The geographic territory of India is an integral part of Central Indian Ocean Region consisting of three distinct marine ecosystem zones such as the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal and Indian Ocean. India is endowed with an exclusive economic zone of 2.02 million km2, coastline of over 8000 km and a variety of coastal ecosystems. The estimated number of marine fish species known from India constitutes 2443 species distributed in 230 families. According to the IUCN extant (2014), 50 species are threatened (6 of them critically endangered, 7 endangered and 37 vulnerable), while 45 are near-threatened. Marine fish diversity is in ever-increasing danger with depletion of resources. Overdependence on fish has led to overfishing resulting in the dwindling of diversity and abundance of stocks. Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute has initiated marine stock assessment practices in India and its present report in 2016 recorded a total of 709 species which is lower than 730 species recorded in 2015 in the landings showing an alarming situation on the exploited marine fishery resources of India. This situation demands restorative measures such as restocking, stock enhancement and sea ranching.","PeriodicalId":338954,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology - Biotic and Abiotic Interactions","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116401312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Marine Fisheries in Nigeria: A Review 尼日利亚海洋渔业:综述

Marine Ecology - Biotic and Abiotic Interactions Pub Date : 2018-08-01 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75032

O. J. Olaoye, W. G. Ojebiyi

{"title":"Marine Fisheries in Nigeria: A Review","authors":"O. J. Olaoye, W. G. Ojebiyi","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75032","url":null,"abstract":"Fisheries production especially from marine is important for the socio-economic development of Nigerians and its contribution to the nation’s economic growth through the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Nigeria is blessed with enough marine fisheries resources that could enhance increased fish production. Yet, fish supply from domestic production is far below the fish demand of her citizens. This chapter is therefore focused on marine fisheries in Nigeria. We adopted a desk review approach. This chapter is divided into different sections such as the Nigerian fisheries sector, marine fisheries resources in Nigeria, status of marine fisheries production in Nigeria, marine fisheries regulations, and constraints to optimal marine fisheries production in Nigeria. We concluded that the contribution of aquaculture to marine fisheries production has been low, compared to the marine capture fisheries production. Also, we noted that despite the availability of regulations, noncompliance by fisher folks has not helped to optimize marine fisheries production. We therefore recommended that the culture of marine fishes should be intensified. Marine waters should also be protected against destruction and pollution as a result of human activities. Available marine fisheries regulations should be enforced and violators of the regulations should be punished as stipulated in the regulations.","PeriodicalId":338954,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology - Biotic and Abiotic Interactions","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132664525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Geo-Biological Coupling of Authigenic Carbonate Formation and Autotrophic Faunal Colonization at Deep-Sea Methane Seeps II. Geo-Biological Landscapes 深海甲烷渗漏中自生碳酸盐形成与自养动物定植的地球生物学耦合[j]。Geo-Biological风景

Marine Ecology - Biotic and Abiotic Interactions Pub Date : 2018-08-01 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.78978

T. Naganuma

{"title":"Geo-Biological Coupling of Authigenic Carbonate Formation and Autotrophic Faunal Colonization at Deep-Sea Methane Seeps II. Geo-Biological Landscapes","authors":"T. Naganuma","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.78978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.78978","url":null,"abstract":"Deep-sea methane seeps are typically shaped with authigenic carbonates and unique biomes depending on methane-driven and methane-derived metabolisms. Authigenic carbonates vary in δ 13 C values due probably to δ 13 C variation in the carbon sources (directly carbon dioxide and bicarbonate, and ultimately methane) which is affected by the generation and degradation (oxidation) of methane at respective methane seeps. Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) by specially developed microbial consortia has significant influences on the carbonate δ 13 C variation as well as the production of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide for chemoautotrophic biomass production. Authigenesis of carbonates and faunal colonization are thus connected. Authigenic carbonates also vary in Mg contents that seem correlated again to faunal colonization. Among the colonizers, mussels tend to colonize low δ 13 C carbonates, while gutless tubeworms colonize high-Mg carbonates. The types and varieties of such geo-biological landscapes of methane seeps are overviewed in this chapter. A unique feature of a high-Mg content of the rock-tubeworm conglomerates is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":338954,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology - Biotic and Abiotic Interactions","volume":"361 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122790058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Natural Ecology and Stock Enhancement of the Edible Jellyfish (Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye, 1891) in the Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea, China 渤海辽东湾食用水母(Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye, 1891)的自然生态和种群增加

Marine Ecology - Biotic and Abiotic Interactions Pub Date : 2018-03-23 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75576

Dong Jing, Wang Bin, Duan Yan, Wan Aiyong, Liang Yulong, MingSun, C. Yu, Liu Xiuze, Yu Xuguang, Guo Dong, Wang Xiaolin

{"title":"The Natural Ecology and Stock Enhancement of the Edible Jellyfish (Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye, 1891) in the Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea, China","authors":"Dong Jing, Wang Bin, Duan Yan, Wan Aiyong, Liang Yulong, MingSun, C. Yu, Liu Xiuze, Yu Xuguang, Guo Dong, Wang Xiaolin","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75576","url":null,"abstract":"Among the edible jellyfish species, Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye, 1891, is one of the most abundant jellyfish species consumed. Therefore, this jellyfish species is an impor - tant fisheries source in China. The jellyfish fisheries in China show annually considerable fluctuations and have a very short season. In the chapter, we firstly try to review the natural ecology of R. esculentum , which includes the distribution and migration, growth model, and survival rate in the Liaodong Bay (LDB) based on the results of our field studies for more than 20 years. Secondly, we focus on reviewing the jellyfish fishery and population dynamic in the LDB. Thirdly, we emphasize the themes, including the survey methods, catch prediction, enhancement assessment, and fishery management, based on our survey results from 2005 to 2010. Finally, we present our field and experiment results of resource restoration. The high commercial value of R. esculentum enhancement in the LDB has made this a very successful enterprise.","PeriodicalId":338954,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology - Biotic and Abiotic Interactions","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124647633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

An Update on Reproduction in Ghost Shrimps (Decapoda: Axiidea) and Mud Lobsters (Decapoda: Gebiidea) 鬼虾(十足目:轴总目)和泥虾(十足目:虾总目)繁殖研究进展

Marine Ecology - Biotic and Abiotic Interactions Pub Date : 2018-03-19 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75067

P. Hernáez

{"title":"An Update on Reproduction in Ghost Shrimps (Decapoda: Axiidea) and Mud Lobsters (Decapoda: Gebiidea)","authors":"P. Hernáez","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75067","url":null,"abstract":"In this report, I review the taxonomic history, body adaptations, ecology, and reproduc- tion of the infraorders Axiidea (ghost shrimps) and Gebiidea (mud lobsters). Known until recently as the “Thalassinidea,” modern classification divided Axiidea into six families and Gebiidea into five. Ghost shrimps are characterized by having the first and second pereiopod chelate and a soft and delicate body, whereas mud lobsters possess the first pereiopod chelate or subchelate and second pereiopod subchelate or simple with a hard and heavily calcified body. Among the main body adaptations of these organisms are distinguished: (i) carapace laterally compressed, (ii) pleon longer than the cephalothorax in ghost shrimps but usually shorter in mud lobsters, and (iii) anterior feet thrown directly forward. Current accounting of axiideans and gebiideans reaches around 781 and 240 extant species, respectively, with major number of species in Callianassidae and Upogebiidae within of each clade. Male reproductive system involves paired testes linked to the vas deferens that open in gonopores on the ventral coxal segment of the fifth pereiopod. In females, the","PeriodicalId":338954,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology - Biotic and Abiotic Interactions","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133631184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Plankton Ecology and Productivity in Jamaican Waters with New and Unique Applications 牙买加水域浮游生物生态和生产力与新的和独特的应用

Marine Ecology - Biotic and Abiotic Interactions Pub Date : 2017-12-20 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.70663

M. Webber, D. Webber, G. Ford

{"title":"Plankton Ecology and Productivity in Jamaican Waters with New and Unique Applications","authors":"M. Webber, D. Webber, G. Ford","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.70663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.70663","url":null,"abstract":"Unique applications of plankton ecology and productivity in Jamaican waters are presented. While traditional indices were inadequate descriptors of mangrove lagoon water quality, planktonic indices (total Chlorophyll a , zooplankton groups and species) were more reliable. Phytoplankton biomass was used to indicate a longitudinal gradient along the Hellshire Coastline, identifying non-point sources of enrichment, and movement of water masses in the absence of expensive Eulerian current meters. Along that same coast, mean primary production, determined by 14 C techniques, confirmed a gradient from the eutrophic Kingston Harbour (21.1 g C m −2 year −1 ) to the oligotrophic control site (0.52 g C m −2 year −1 ). Maximum inshore station values (36.75–18.39 g C m −2 year −1 ) were more than 20 times greater than offshore and exceeded Harbour values, confirming non-point sources and localized mecha - nisms as important inshore sources of eutrophication. The novel use of Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) software to model trophic flows within planktonic communities was done in two bays. For Discovery Bay, on Jamaica’s north coast, the model indicated a developing ecosystem with open mineral cycles and poor nutrient conservation while in Foul and Folly Bays on the southeastern coast the model indicated greater resilience and ability to recover from perturbations. These applications have facilitated informed management decisions for sustainable use in Jamaican coastal ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":338954,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology - Biotic and Abiotic Interactions","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125772664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1