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Evolution and Phylogeny of Pancrustacea最新文献

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Thermosbaenacea 温泉虾类
Evolution and Phylogeny of Pancrustacea Pub Date : 2021-10-28 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780195365764.003.0030
F. Schram, S. Koenemann
{"title":"Thermosbaenacea","authors":"F. Schram, S. Koenemann","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780195365764.003.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195365764.003.0030","url":null,"abstract":"The thermosbaenaceans were first recognized less than a century ago. Thermosbaenacea were originally thought to sit separately from Peracarida in a superorder Pancarida. This placement arose from the females brooding of their eggs under their short carapaces; these females lack oöstegites. Molecule sequences now indicate that thermosbaenacea are within the mancoid Peracarida. The animals inhabit caves and groundwater habitats. Furthermore, the numbers of individuals at some localities are truly astounding compared to the numbers of individuals of spelaeogriphaceans, for example. These are truly small animals (generally only a few mm in length), so it appears that brooding under the carapace is more effective than brooding in a marsupium under the thorax.","PeriodicalId":338672,"journal":{"name":"Evolution and Phylogeny of Pancrustacea","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122081973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“Enantiopods”
Evolution and Phylogeny of Pancrustacea Pub Date : 2021-10-28 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780195365764.003.0050
F. Schram, S. Koenemann
{"title":"“Enantiopods”","authors":"F. Schram, S. Koenemann","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780195365764.003.0050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195365764.003.0050","url":null,"abstract":"The fossil arthropods discussed in this chapter represent problem taxa. Almost all occur in the middle of the Paleozoic (mostly Devonian), although one species derives from the Cambrian. All possess “long bodies” but present confusing and incomplete preservations of their anterior-most features. Their trunk limbs appear as unremarkable, either biramous or multiramous. These species often are placed among “primitive” arthropods, and such might well be so. Pancrustacea were long thought to have begun their evolution in the Cambrian as long-bodied, homonomous marine creatures. However, the molecular sequence data “insists” living taxa that conform to the longer bodied morphotypes occur high up in the pancrustacean cladograms. Thus, long-bodied homonomy must express either some kind of atavistic throwback as an apomorphy or are part of a logical continuum from the short-bodied Oligostraca, through middle-sized Multicrustacea, to the derived, long-thorax Allotriocarida. This chapter examines nine species, suggests alternative interpretations of their anatomy, and offers a dendrogram that could explain the evolution of Allotriocarida. “Enantiopod” is used as a catchall term—a common name—which is at best a parataxon.","PeriodicalId":338672,"journal":{"name":"Evolution and Phylogeny of Pancrustacea","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127825929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stenopodea Stenopodea
Evolution and Phylogeny of Pancrustacea Pub Date : 2021-10-28 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780195365764.003.0039
F. Schram, S. Koenemann
{"title":"Stenopodea","authors":"F. Schram, S. Koenemann","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780195365764.003.0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195365764.003.0039","url":null,"abstract":"The infraorder Stenopodea has uniramous pereiopods; the first through third are chelate, with the third being by far the largest in the series, which in life is carried and directed anteriad. The fourth and fifth ambulatory pereiopods are often quite long and slender. The pleomere pleura all overlap those of the next most posterior segment, clearly more reptant-like than caridean-like in this regard. The stenopodeans occupy cryptic environments in reefs, rocky areas, inside glass sponges, and in anchialine caves. The living forms are arranged among 72 species in 12 genera. These are clearly and easily divisible into three families. A common name of the stenopodeans is “barber pole shrimp.”","PeriodicalId":338672,"journal":{"name":"Evolution and Phylogeny of Pancrustacea","volume":"461 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116160754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Notostraca and Allies (Calmanostraca) Notostraca和Allies (Calmanostraca)
Evolution and Phylogeny of Pancrustacea Pub Date : 2021-10-28 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780195365764.003.0044
F. Schram, S. Koenemann
{"title":"Notostraca and Allies (Calmanostraca)","authors":"F. Schram, S. Koenemann","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780195365764.003.0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195365764.003.0044","url":null,"abstract":"The living Notostraca, ranging up to 10 cm in length, are a small group (approximately 11 species), but the larger assemblage of fossils (including Kazacharthra and the problematic Castrocollida) provides added depth and interest, thus facilitating the creation of a cohort Calmanostraca within infraclass Phyllopoda. The body bears a large, concave, shield-like carapace enveloping most of the anterior two-thirds of the body. The trunk consists of three regions: 11 anterior-most “thoracic” segments (thorax I), each with a single large pair of well-developed limbs; a second region in which the somites are fused into “rings” formed from 2 to 6 segments, with a number of limb pairs per ring (thorax II); and the most posterior region of a limbless abdomen terminating in an anal somite, or telson.","PeriodicalId":338672,"journal":{"name":"Evolution and Phylogeny of Pancrustacea","volume":"235 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124588395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Skaracarida
Evolution and Phylogeny of Pancrustacea Pub Date : 2021-10-28 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780195365764.003.0007
F. Schram, S. Koenemann
{"title":"Skaracarida","authors":"F. Schram, S. Koenemann","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780195365764.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195365764.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Skaracaroda contain three species from distant separated localities: two species from Gotland (Sweden) and one species from Hunan Province (southern China). In addition to the Swedish site, with S. anulata and S. minuta, and the Chinese species S. hunanensis, S. minuta apparently occurred in Poland. Hence, examples of Skara are widely spaced not only across the current-day geography but also in Upper Cambrian terms. Because of the great detail preserved on the Orsten fossils, they can be analyzed in a vigorous comparative manner to modern forms. The genus Skara generally resembles mystacocaridans but has fewer pairs of limbs. No gonopods are preserved on available specimens, but consensus seems to favor an adult condition for the largest specimens. Their phosphatic preservation allows insight into fine anatomical details.","PeriodicalId":338672,"journal":{"name":"Evolution and Phylogeny of Pancrustacea","volume":"155 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124330273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stem Eumalacostracans? 茎Eumalacostracans ?
Evolution and Phylogeny of Pancrustacea Pub Date : 2021-10-28 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780195365764.003.0020
F. Schram, S. Koenemann
{"title":"Stem Eumalacostracans?","authors":"F. Schram, S. Koenemann","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780195365764.003.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195365764.003.0020","url":null,"abstract":"Eumalacostraca is by far the largest and most diverse clade of Multicrustacea. Both cohorts, Caridoida and Hoplocarida, extend back to at least the middle of the Paleozoic. Others among these species eventually might be assigned to actual crown taxa when understanding of their anatomy becomes clearer, as indeed has happened in one case. However, many of the earliest fossils are incomplete in their preservation, and what is known of their anatomy requires that they be treated cautiously. Thus, they are best characterized as “stem forms” rather than being squeezed into some higher taxon. These groups do illustrate aspects of the earliest eumalacostracan radiation.","PeriodicalId":338672,"journal":{"name":"Evolution and Phylogeny of Pancrustacea","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129210251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Anostraca
Evolution and Phylogeny of Pancrustacea Pub Date : 2021-10-28 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780195365764.003.0042
F. Schram, S. Koenemann
{"title":"Anostraca","authors":"F. Schram, S. Koenemann","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780195365764.003.0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195365764.003.0042","url":null,"abstract":"Anostraca range up to approximately 15 cm maximum length (although typically only 1–3 cm on average). Their body includes a shieldless cephalon with prominent stalked compound eyes; large antennae modified as claspers in males; a 12-segment thorax with Hox gene expression and an array of leaf-like appendages; and a thin limbless abdomen with no Hox expression. Many anostracans bear an “antennal appendage” arising at the base of the antennae that occurs only in males and can be incredibly elaborate. The maxillules and especially the maxillae are frequently better developed in the larvae than in adults, in which they are greatly reduced—a distinctive feature of Branchiopoda. Anostracans inhabit brine pools, temporary melt waters, vernal pools, or floodwater catchments—places that are transient in nature, isolated, and with a lack of major food competitors. Anostraca as a sister group to the phyllopod branchiopods has obtained wide support.","PeriodicalId":338672,"journal":{"name":"Evolution and Phylogeny of Pancrustacea","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131898826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Acrothoracica 尖胸目
Evolution and Phylogeny of Pancrustacea Pub Date : 2021-10-28 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780195365764.003.0013
F. Schram, S. Koenemann
{"title":"Acrothoracica","authors":"F. Schram, S. Koenemann","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780195365764.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195365764.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Acrothoracica constitute one of the suborders of order Cirripedia. This is a small group of approximately 70 species, all of them with cryptic habits; they burrow into mollusk shells. Their own carapace lacks plates. Only females feed; the reduced male lives within the female’s burrow and consists only of a testis and might or might not possess a penis. When males exhaust their reserves, they are replaced by newer males. Dispersal depends on the nauplii and the cypris larvae. Biogeograpic distributions are rather incompletely understood, but fossil burrows are recognized in molluskan shells as far back as the Devonian at least, although there are reports of fossilized rostral plates of acrothoracicans.","PeriodicalId":338672,"journal":{"name":"Evolution and Phylogeny of Pancrustacea","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114300414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Dendrobranchiata
Evolution and Phylogeny of Pancrustacea Pub Date : 2021-10-28 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780195365764.003.0036
F. Schram, S. Koenemann
{"title":"Dendrobranchiata","authors":"F. Schram, S. Koenemann","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780195365764.003.0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195365764.003.0036","url":null,"abstract":"The suborder Dendrobranchiata comprises some 500 species that all shed a non-feeding, yolk-laden nauplius. They feature a gastric mill built around a large median tooth equipped with curved denticles along its margins, and a battery of flanking lateral teeth. This type of foregut could indicate that this was present in the stem decapods. Because a similar gut armature occurs in pleocyemate decapods. The freely shed nauplii are followed by metanauplii, protozoea (elaphocaris), mysis (acanthosoma), stages; and then decapodid phases. The fossil record indicates that Dendrobranchiata is of great age, with some purely fossil families. Recent anatomical analysis places Dendrobranchiata as the sister group to a clade Xenomocarida, a new taxon Richter and Scholtz erected for all the other Caridoida.","PeriodicalId":338672,"journal":{"name":"Evolution and Phylogeny of Pancrustacea","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126517151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Segments and Body Regions 节段和身体区域
Evolution and Phylogeny of Pancrustacea Pub Date : 2021-10-28 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780195365764.003.0002
F. Schram, S. Koenemann
{"title":"Segments and Body Regions","authors":"F. Schram, S. Koenemann","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780195365764.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195365764.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"There are limits to the current understanding of arthropod segment formation, in large part linked with the superabundance of information from one particular model system, that of Drosophila, and a paucity of work on other arthropods. Segmentation exhibits multiple levels of genetic control. Various types of genes that control segment formation have been identified. Conceptual models or evolutionary scenarios have tried to make sense of this critical process: the naupliar/post-naupliar/merosegmental model, the arthropod pattern theory, the tagmosis model, and the idiosyncratic periodic table of articulata. These models are not hypotheses suitable for testing; rather, they form scenarios (stories) of evolution. None of these processes are effective toward generating explanatory scenarios, so the focus on producing testable hypotheses will continue.","PeriodicalId":338672,"journal":{"name":"Evolution and Phylogeny of Pancrustacea","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126755524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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