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{"title":"Evaluation of the Integrated Child Development Services Scheme in a Hilly Tribal District of Manipur: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Jangkholun Touthang, H. Singh, H. Singh, L. Singh","doi":"10.51957/healthline_385_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51957/healthline_385_2022","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme, the largest program for promotion of maternal and child health nutrition in India, is operational for more than four decades. Objective: To evaluate Integrated Child Development Services Scheme in Kangpokpi District of Manipur in terms of input, process and outcome indicators. Method: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted at a tribal hilly district of Kangpokpi in Manipur. The study included ICDS staff and beneficiaries of 35 randomly selected Anganwadi Centres (AWCs). Data related to ICDS was collected by using interview schedules and checklists. The descriptive data were expressed in terms of mean, standard deviation and percentage. Association between important background characteristics and Anganwadi centre attendance was analysed using chi-square test. Ethical clearance was obtained from the institutional Ethic Committee of JNIMS, Imphal before conducting the study (study period: May 2018 to April 2021) Results: Input indicators: The study found that86% anganwadi centres were run in anganwadi worker’s own house. Two-thirds of the anganwadi workers (65.7%) were found to have separate toilet and 22.9% had separate kitchen. Process indicators: Even though the proportions of beneficiaries accessing services from anganwadi centres were high, the number of days Supplementary Nutrition (SN) was provided in a month was comparatively low (mean: 2.97 and SD: 0.618 for under-6 children and mean: 1 and SD: 0.000 days for adolescent girls, pregnant women and lactating mother in a month) due to frequent interruption of supplementary nutrition supply. There was no supplementary nutrition stock in 74.3% of the anganwadi centres on the day of visit. Outcome indicators: Regarding the nutritional status 90% of Under-6 children were found to be normal, 9% underweight and 0.6% severely underweight. Conclusion: The Integrated Child Development Services Programme in the study area was found to have several short-comings both in terms of inputs and process. There were not only inadequate facilities and infrastructure, but the anganwadi centres also lacked essential equipment like weighing machines and medicine kits, rendering a vital activity like growth monitoring to be almost completely absent. Supervisory visits were far below satisfactory.","PeriodicalId":33836,"journal":{"name":"Healthline","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41644136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malnourished Millions – Are We Doing Enough?","authors":"Apurva Ratnu, Hariprakash Hadial","doi":"10.51957/healthline_431_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51957/healthline_431_2022","url":null,"abstract":"Nutrition word is derived from the Latin verb 'Nutrire” which means to nourish. Indian equivalent to nutrition is POSHAN. The development of a fertilized Ova cell into a full-grown human body consisting of trillions of cells is one of the finest miracles of nature on display and it is primarily dependent on adequate and appropriate nutrition.","PeriodicalId":33836,"journal":{"name":"Healthline","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48006226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does This COVID 19 Pandemic Demand a Scale Up in AEFI Reporting in India?","authors":"Sadhvika Kanagat, A. Boratne, A. Suguna, Sinthu Sarathamani","doi":"10.51957/healthline_326_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51957/healthline_326_2022","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 Pandemic has changed the global picture in the field of public health in the past few years. This critical time has made life very uncertain for everyone. Man has been constantly striving to discover measures to stop the spread of this deadly virus; the COVID-19 vaccine is one such endeavour. The fear and anxiety towards a new vaccine is high among the general public. With every new vaccination, constant monitoring and documentation of the vital happenings is very important. Thus, the reporting of Adverse events following immunization (AEFI) needs to be strengthened and implemented more efficiently to analyse the efficacy of this vaccination drive with respect to protection from the disease without causing any harmful adverse effects.","PeriodicalId":33836,"journal":{"name":"Healthline","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48261401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cross-sectional Study on Prevalence and Determinants of Preconception Anemia in Women of Reproductive Age Group at Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India","authors":"R. Khatri, Bhoomi Patel, J. Prajapati, Mallika V. Chavada, P. Verma","doi":"10.51957/healthline_352_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51957/healthline_352_2022","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction : Nutritional anemia is a major public health issue that affects women of all ages, notably those of reproductive age (15-49 years). Anemia has an adverse effect on the outcome of pregnancy including miscarriage, intrauterine growth retardation, low birth weight, post-partum hemorrhages and stillbirth. Objectives:It is to estimate prevalence of anemia and to investigate socio-demographic and obstetric factors associated with the prevalence of anemia during preconception period. Method: We conducted a crosssectional study among 306 reproductive age group (15-49 years) women who were residing in field practice area of Urban Health Training Center (UHTC) in sector-24, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India who are planning to conceive within a year. Study participants were selected from the records of the female health worker according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study. Results: Out of 306 participant women, 76% were found to be anemic, out of which, 31% had mild, 55% had moderate and 14% had severe level of anemia. Education level significantly associated (P < 0.05) with presence of anemia as women with lower level of education had higher presence of anemia – 81.97% in primary education group and 79.17% among illiterate women. BMI, parity and family type was also found to be significantly (P < 0.05) associated with the severity of anemia. Conclusion: Nearly three fourth Women who planned to conceive within a year had anemia. Out of women who had anemia, nearly three fourth had moderate to severe anemia. Education had significant association with presence of anemia and low BMI, Parity and type of family had significant association with severity of anemia.","PeriodicalId":33836,"journal":{"name":"Healthline","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42823758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility and Effectiveness of Objective Structured Clinical Examination for Assessment of Field Visits in Community Medicine for Undergraduate Medical Students","authors":"S. Misra","doi":"10.51957/healthline_321_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51957/healthline_321_2022","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction : The Graduate Medical Education Regulation (GMR) 2019 in the curricular reforms recommends that “Shows How” level of the Miller's Pyramid is assessed through long case, Objective Structured Clinical Examination and Mini-Clinical Evaluation Exercise (Mini CEX). Objectives : 1. To utilize OSCE for assessing Field Visits carried out by Undergraduate medical students as formative assessment. 2. To find out the feasibility and effectiveness of Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) in Community Medicine. Method : An Educational Innovation Pilot Project was carried out in the department rd of Community Medicine of a Medical College in India. A pilot (18) of 3 MBBS students were assessed through Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) for epidemiological case study of malaria assigned to the author faculty. These students were also exposed to the oral viva. The analysis of the assessment was through assessment of codes of the procedure stations through checklists and mean scores of procedure and response stations. Qualitative analysis of emerging themes and quantitative analysis as likert scale were utilized for evaluation of the exam were used. Results : The mean score of all response stations was 5.1. Almost all students felt that OSCE was better than the conventional oral viva in assessing skills. Furthermore, almost all students and faculties suggested that it should gradually become a part of curriculum and scaled to entire and other batches with suggested modifications. The residents who participated as simulated cases found it to be a novel experience and a different kind of learning process. Conclusion : It is feasible to introduce OSCE with some modifications in assessing skills acquired in field visits in Community Case Management.","PeriodicalId":33836,"journal":{"name":"Healthline","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49576593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Delivery of Routine Immunization in Kashmir: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Khalid Bashir, M. Qurieshi, Z. Kausar, S. Khan","doi":"10.51957/healthline_320_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51957/healthline_320_2022","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction:Immunization is one of the splendid public health interventions that remarkably reduced child morbidity, mortality, and disability. Despite attaining substantial immunization coverage in Kashmir, assessment of the immunization system is quintessential for sustaining the gains and exploring the gaps. Objective: To assess the gaps in the delivery of routine immunization services in Kashmir Valley. Method: In-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted with thirty-two (32) important stakeholders, who were purposively selected as they play an active role in the planning and implementation of the Immunization Program and devise strategies at different levels of healthcare delivery. At the state level, SEPIO and SMO were interviewed at the District level, DIO/Deputy CMO was interviewed in all ten (10) districts of Kashmir Valley. From all ten Districts, two Medical-Blocks were selected from each District, and one Block Medical Officer and one Medical Officer were interviewed alternatively from each Medical-Block. Results: The thematic qualitative analysis approach was used and the analysis process generated five themes. Each of these themes included many sub-themes. 1. Factors facilitating the implementation of Routine Immunization (RI), 2. Limitations and deficits related to knowledge, attitude, monitoring, 3. Constraints encountered in the implementation of (RI) program, 4. Difficulties in the implementation of RI revealed by respondents, 5. Transformational steps to bridge gaps in the delivery of Immunization (RI) Conclusion: There were visible deficits related to knowledge, attitude, and monitoring among health professionals. Certain constraints encountered in the implementation of the program were financial constraints in the training of health care professionals and human resources constraints. The study showed the need for transformational steps to bridge gaps in the delivery of the Immunization (RI), which included regular monitoring and review meetings, teamwork and peer learning, training, and improvement in cold chain maintenance.","PeriodicalId":33836,"journal":{"name":"Healthline","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44221305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross Sectional Study of Knowledge about Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Among Medical and Nursing Students studying at Civil Hospital campus, Ahmedabad","authors":"Rajan K. Parmar, Bansi Trivedi","doi":"10.51957/healthline_331_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51957/healthline_331_2022","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: India is committed to to prevent pneumonia related deaths in children which is leading cause of vaccine preventable deaths among children under five globally and in India. Objective : To know awareness about pneumococcal (PC) vaccine among medical and nursing students of civil hospital, Ahmedabad. Method: This cross sectional study was conducted on medical and nursing students of civil hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat. Baseline knowledge of PC Vaccine, side effects of PC vaccine, was assessed by a self-administered structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis - Data analysis was done in Microsoft excel and chi square test was applied. Results: There were 444 respondents and among them 240 (54%) were medical students and 204 (46%) were nursing students, with male female ratio was 95:127. Awareness regarding PC vaccine integration to national immunization schedule found significantly more in nursing students as compare to medical students, (Chi-square = 63.4 at p < 0.05). Medical students had more knowledge about PC vaccine as compared to nursing students. Conclusion:There is still gap in awareness of PC vaccine integration to national immunization schedule among medical students. Field visits among nursing students have positive effects on awareness of nursing students. Medical students should visit to this type of field activities to improve their knowledge about ongoing activities like this.","PeriodicalId":33836,"journal":{"name":"Healthline","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47252484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Client Satisfaction with Services Provided at Integrated Counselling and Testing Centre in a Rural Hospital, Panvel, Maharashtra, India","authors":"Sherlin Sam, N. Relwani, Prasad J. Waigankar","doi":"10.51957/healthline_363_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51957/healthline_363_2022","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction : HIV is a global pandemic and has been a serious concern for public health among individuals and communities. Measuring client satisfaction can help the country to carry out an evaluation of the health service system as well as, clients can develop a long-lasting relationship with the service provider. Objectives: 1) To assess the client satisfaction by the services provided at the Integrated Counselling and Testing Centre at the Rural Hospital, Panvel. 2) To provide recommendations to improve the services provided at the Integrated Counselling and Testing Centre. Method: A descriptive, crosssectional, facility-based study was conducted in an Integrated Counselling and Testing Centre (ICTC) at a Rural Hospital, Panvel using simple random sampling technique. Exit interviews were conducted for three hundred clients after the required consent was obtained. Clients were stratified into pregnant and nonpregnant females. All clients above 18 years were included in the study however, clients not giving consent or severely ill were excluded. The data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel, and Epi Info Version 7.2. Results: Among 300 clients, 66% (198) of the clients belonged to the age group of 18-28 years and 54.3% (163) were literate. The study found that nearly74% (222) of the clients were referred and about 71.7% (215) clients were unsatisfied with the ICTC services. Conclusion: Majority of the clients were unsatisfied with the services provided at ICTC. Literate clients were more unsatisfied as compared to illiterate clients.It is further recommended that the counsellors at ICTCs should spend more time with the clients and tere should be a mandatory requirement of female counsellors.","PeriodicalId":33836,"journal":{"name":"Healthline","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48563658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception about the Role of Biostatistics in Medical Curriculum: A Cross-Sectional Study among Medical Students","authors":"V. Chellaiyan, R. Sivakumar, Buvnesh M Kumar, A. Manoharan, Jasmine Maruthappapandian, Suruliraman Sm","doi":"10.51957/healthline_342_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51957/healthline_342_2021","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: A good understanding of biostatistics can improve clinical thinking, decision-making, evaluations, and medical research. Undoubtedly, medical professionals are becoming aware of the importance of learning and applying biostatistical methods in their research. This study was done to assess the knowledge and attitude among medical graduates regarding the role and application of biostatistics in medical science. Method: The study was a cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital among 120 medical students pursuing MBBS third and final year. Systematic random sampling was used to select the study participants. A pretested validated semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: Majority of the study participants, strongly agree that the subject helps in interpretation (75.8%), and is important in medical practice (61.7%). However, 85% of the study participants feel that software is difficult to use. 90% of the study participants find the subject hard to understand. The mean score of subject content, understanding, the current impact was significantly higher among the fourth-year students than the third-year students. There was no significant difference between the genders. Conclusion: Introduction of data collection sessions and appraisal of excerpts in published articles can provide practical knowledge and accentuate the role of bio statistics in health care.","PeriodicalId":33836,"journal":{"name":"Healthline","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47316995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Predictors of Self-medication Practice among Adults Residing in the Rural Field Practice Area of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Chandigarh","authors":"D. Sharma, N. Goel","doi":"10.51957/healthline_330_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51957/healthline_330_2022","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction : Self-medication is a harmful practice. There is a need to document its prevalence and educate people about its numerous dangers. This study assessed the prevalence of self-medication practice and its associated factors among adults. Method: This community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1090 adults. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. A pre-tested interview schedule was used to collect data regarding self-medication practice and its associated factors. The data was analysed using Epi-info software for windows (CDC Atlanta). Results:The prevalence of self-medication was 18.6%. The most common symptom for which study participants practised self-medication was fever (58.6%). Previous experience was the most common reason for practising self-medication (59.0%). The bivariate analysis revealed that the self-medication practice was significantly more among those aged 50 years and above and widowed individuals; as compared to their counterparts. Conclusion: Nearly one-fourth of the adults practised self-medication. Interventions should be designed to discourage self-medication practice among adults, with a particular focus on those aged above 50 years and widowed individuals.","PeriodicalId":33836,"journal":{"name":"Healthline","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49287073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}