Passer Journal最新文献

{"title":"Molecular Epidemiology and Maternal Humoral Immunity of Avian Infectious Bronchitis (AIB) in Sulaymaniyah Governorate/Kurdistan Region-Iraq","authors":"H. Mohammed, H. Dyary, N. Saeed, O. Dana, P. Rashid","doi":"10.24271/psr.2022.313268.1103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2022.313268.1103","url":null,"abstract":"Avian infectious bronchitis, caused by the avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), is endemic in Sulaymaniyah, the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, causing significant economic losses. Fertilized broiler eggs are imported from different countries and used by the poultry farms in the region. However, a systematic comparative study about the rate of IBV infection and maternal antibodies has not been conducted in the poultry farms of this area. Accordingly, this study was designed to compare the levels of maternal antibodies in relation to infection rates between broilers imported from different sources. From the first day until the birds reached marketing ages, eighty-five broiler farms were supervised in the Sulaymaniyah Governorate from January to December 2019. The sources of chicks were firstly recorded, and maternal antibody titers against IBV in 1–4 days old chicks were measured in 10 chicks randomly selected from each of the 85 farms. Later, the birds were observed for clinical signs relevant to infection with avian infectious bronchitis, and infections were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results indicated that fertilized eggs were imported from five sources: Belgium, Bulgaria, Iran, Turkey, and the Netherlands. All chicks had maternal antibodies against IBV, with no statistically significant difference between the antibody titers (p > 0.05). However, infections occurred in 51.8% (44/85) of the farms at an average age of 22.8 days. We conclude that maternal antibodies cannot protect >10-day-old broilers, and suitable vaccination programs using local variants of the virus are necessary to eradicate IBV in Sulaymaniyah governorate, Kurdistan Region. © 2022 Production by the University of Garmian. This is an open access article under the LICENSE https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/","PeriodicalId":33835,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46729575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of Single-Mode Waveguides of Gallium Nitride/ Aluminum Nitride (GaN/AlN) on Sapphire by using Finite Difference Mode (FDM) solver","authors":"Y. Shwan","doi":"10.24271/psr.2022.301855.1085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2022.301855.1085","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a model of the optical waveguide of GaN/ AlN on a sapphire based on the different refractive index (n) between the wave's guideline regions and the surrounding medium (cladding). The model analysis is done by using finite-difference mode (FDM) solver simulation is performed by FDTD (finite-difference-time-domain). In the infrared area, this study reveals a fully unique and rigorous modal analysis waveguide. The investigation includes both primary and single-mode polarization; the waveguide is reliant on the refractive index of the layers, thickness, and substrate type. The primary novelty here for the micro-waveguide single-mode is to realize optical characteristics such as attenuation, amplitude, and full width half maximum (FWHM), which has not been done previously for specific thickness (given thickness) and for that geometrical design. Despite, we investigated how Optical waveguides are structures that confine and direct optical signals in a region of a higher effective index than its surrounding media. Our experiment (simulation) aims to investigate the single-mode waveguide of Gallium Nitride/ Aluminum Nitride GaN/ AlN on sapphire of a specified thickness in order to obtain infrared waveguide mode with minimum attenuation. Attenuation refers to any decrease in the propagated signal power that does not affect its waveform while the input wavelength is1.55μm. Additionally, describe the characterization of the mode, in keeping with our modal analysis. The waveguides have many applications in various fields such as Optical fiber communication and Photonic integrated circuits. © 2022 Production by the University of Garmian. This is an open access article under the LICENSE https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/","PeriodicalId":33835,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42851022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Survey of Comparison Different Cloud Database Performance: SQL and NoSQL","authors":"Twana Shareef, K. Sharif, B. Rashid","doi":"10.24271/psr.2022.301247.1104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2022.301247.1104","url":null,"abstract":"The scales in databases have recently increased, and more expansion is expected in the future. The storage costs gradually have slowed down and quickly expanded the storage capacity. Cloud intrusion has modified the comparisons in recent years. Database performance plays an essential part in the market. Cloud Database focuses on new, conventional databases, specific applications for scalability, dynamic devices, and ease of use. Cloud databases are primarily used for data storage, retrieval, modification, and analysis by tools like business intelligence. These tools can build new business strategies and demonstrate scalability and elasticity while managing vast amounts of data with reliable, customized, and cost-effective services in various applications. This paper provides an overview of cloud computing, Cloud database architecture and kinds, and database as a service. It also highlights the characteristics, deployment, and service model of cloud computing and the performance and functionality of the various SQL and NoSQL cloud database applications and services required to evaluate them. It focuses on the different parameters to assess their performance, such as ease of software portability, transaction capabilities, and the maximum amount of data stored. The primary purpose of this paper is to assist businesses and individuals in understanding how cloud computing may provide them with dependable, personalized, and cost-effective services in many applications. © 2022 Production by the University of Garmian. This is an open access article under the LICENSE https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/","PeriodicalId":33835,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45917083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Survey of Simulation Tools for Modelling Internet of Thing","authors":"B. Rashid, K. Sharif, Twana Hussein Shreef","doi":"10.24271/psr.2022.313553.1105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2022.313553.1105","url":null,"abstract":"The Internet of Things (IoT) is a revolutionary technology that has shifted lifestyle from traditional to high-tech. Many critical research studies and investigations have been conducted to improve technology through IoT. IoT has a vast range of applications in many fields such as the military, healthcare, agriculture, and education. The physical and virtual resources used by the IoT applications include: processor, memory, power consumption, storage usage, network bandwidth, sensor nodes, protocols, or algorithms used in processing and encryption. IoT Simulation tools are the base stone for developing, designing, and evaluating new IoT products before deployment in their target area or environment. It needs good testing and evaluation, which can be done through various simulation tools. This paper explains some of the most popular simulators for IoT research that are currently available. The article is mainly concerned with different simulation tools used in other IoT areas and compared nine simulation tools based on scope, type, programming language, IoT architecture layers, the scale of operation, API integration, cyber resilience simulation, target space, and security measures. Furthermore, the paper provides an excellent discussion; based on the operability of the IoT environment and application simulations and the many other issues, such as selecting a viable simulation for a specific context. In addition, the paper will analyze and compare existing simulation tools, focusing on the most important standard for evaluating IoT simulation tools. By the end, the review simulation tools were discussed. © 2022 Production by the University of Garmian. This is an open access article under the LICENSE https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/","PeriodicalId":33835,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68882322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INFLUENCES OF DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF HERBICIDES ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF MAIZE AS WELL AS THEIR EFFECTS ON THE ASSOCIATED WEEDS IN NORTH-WESTERN NIGERIA","authors":"A. Dogara, S. Hamad, Bawale Halliru, Nura Wada, T. Dalorima","doi":"10.24271/psr.2021.309284.1097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2021.309284.1097","url":null,"abstract":"The field experiment was conducted in the dry season between December 2012 to April 2013 at Bakori, Bakori local government, Katsina (1133’N, 736’E). The experiment consisted of 8 treatments levels which include 4 different formulations each; viz: ParaeForce at 150ml / 20L and 200ml / 20L,AminoForce at 100mL / 15L and 125mL / 15L applied a day before sowing and 4 weeks after sowing and a weedy control. The treatments were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD). The objective was to evaluate resistant weeds to herbicides (ParaeForce and AminoForce) and their effects on the growth and yield of maize. Result shows that 17 weed species from 11 families were encountered which include Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, Doctylocterium aegyptium and Eleusine indica that shows signifcant (≥ 0.05) resistance to ParaeForce + AminoForce at 150mL / 20L followed by 100mL / 15L had 91.70, 87.12 and 49.15% weed control efficiencies at 4,8 and 16WAS. Sequential application of ParaeForce + AminoForce at 200ml/20L followed by 125mL/15L recorded significantly (≥0.05) high maize yield of (6.7kg) in all the three blocks and effective weed control with 86.28, 77.58 and 33.55% weed control efficiencies at 4, 8 and 16WAS. This study recommended the application of ParaeForce and AminoForce at 200mL/20L followed by 125mL/15L as an alternative way of reducing weed resistance to ParaeForce + AminoForce formulation and to improved performance of maize yield in the experimental site. © 2022 Production by the University of Garmian. This is an open access article under the LICENSE https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/","PeriodicalId":33835,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48296739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STUDYING THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TYPE IA AND II SUPERNOVA REMNANTS","authors":"Ari A. Yatem","doi":"10.24271/psr.2022.335494.1126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2022.335494.1126","url":null,"abstract":"Supernova remnants (SNRs) are remarkable astronomical objects which are a diffuse, an expanding nebula of gas that is a direct result of a star's explosive death, resulting in a supernova explosion. SNRs play a vital role in the scattering of tough elements which are made in the supernova explosion into the interstellar medium and provide much amount of energy that heats the ISM, as well as its responsible for enormous differences in physical process and properties. In the present work, we study the physical properties, performance, and behavior of dynamical growth of several types (SNR Ia and II) specifically after an explosion of a supernova, and explore how the density of the interstellar environment affects the physical properties and eternity of each SNRs. To achieve such goals, we have utilized the method known as Counting Pixels Method, which has been applied to the SNRs images as well as a new pattern that has been suggested to calculate some of the physical properties such as the expansion velocity and the radius of the chosen remnants, which are based on the age of SNRs and the density of the surrounding medium. The outcomes of the study have depicted that each chosen SNRs type Ia and II likewise in performance and behavior after a long period of explosion Nevertheless, they are displaced either upwards or downwards based on the interstellar density. However, we noted that SNRs are exploded in the lower density environment and expanded without restriction to make a regular shape. We have concluded that further study is required particularly on the physical properties of SNRs when inserted into the radiative phase.","PeriodicalId":33835,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68882520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and Molecular Identification of Ixodid Ticks that Infest Ruminants in Erbil province, Kurdistan Region-Iraq","authors":"K. Aziz","doi":"10.24271/psr.2021.301552.1084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2021.301552.1084","url":null,"abstract":"A crosssectional survey was conducted in Erbil province from April to July 2021 to estimate the prevalence of major Ixodid ticks on ruminants and to identify tick species using morphological and molecular tools. A total of 687 animals (202 cattle, 287 sheep and 198 goats) examined, and 254 (36.9 %) were infested. About 381 ticks were collected from examined animals. The result identified two genera of six species of the hard ticks based on morphological, molecular investigation. The identified adult ticks morphologically were belonging to the two Ixodid genera, among which three species belonged to the genus Hyalomma (Hyalomma marginatum, Hyalomma anatolicum and H. exacavatum), and three species belonged to the genus Rhipocephalus (Rhipocephalus sanguineu, Rhipocephalus turanicus, and Rhipocephalus B. annulatus). R. annulatus was the dominant tick species infesting cattle with 50% which was significantly higher at P>0.05 than the other isolated species. Whereas H. excavatum and R. sanguineus was the prodominant tick species infesting sheep with 29.1% and 28.3 %respectively. While the infestation rate on goats was 16.7%, R. sanguineus was the most prevailed species infesting goats with 45.4% at (P>0.05). R. sanguineus were the predominant tick reported in Erbil governorate with 29.1% at (P>0.05)., while H. excavatum was reported in low percentage in Erbil at 10.2%. DNA samples from sixty ticks were chosen for molecular studies in order to detect tick species using a conventional PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene. All sequences were subjected to a Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) to determine their identities and assess their homologues and similarities to those in the Gen Bank. PCR and the sequencing have confirmed the morphological-based identification, Phylogenetic study revealed that the three Rhipicephalus genotypes revealed from the current study with accession number (MZ663757-MZ663759) were have a highly identical nucleotide sequence 99-100% with a strain of a Rhipicephalus turanicus, R. annulatus and R. sanguineus strain sequence (KY583068, MN594491 and MN594492) from China, and Iraq respectively. On the other hand phylogenetic analysis of Hyalomma genotypes from the present work with accession number (MZ663760-MZ663762) were closely related to a Hyalomma anatolicum, H. marginatum and Hyalomma exacavatum (MK829042, MG418663, and KP210047) from Egypt, Turkey and India respectively. © 2022 Production by the University of Garmian. This is an open access article under the LICENSE https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/","PeriodicalId":33835,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68882258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation into Fiber Optic Seismic Sensor incorporating Fiber Bragg Grating Array","authors":"R. A. Johni, K. R. Tariq, Roshen Tariq Ahmadhamdi, D. Forsyth","doi":"10.24271/psr.2022.318987.1111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2022.318987.1111","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a theoretical study of various types of fiber optic sensing systems used for seismic monitoring integrating a series of fiber optic Bragg gratings (FBGs) into the sensor carrier. The interference network contains groups of interfering subnets, and each subnet contains multiple interference networks. Each interferometer in the subband is implemented with a specific pair of fiber Bragg gratings and the sensing length of the fiber is placed between each pair of fiber Bragg gratings. Each fiber Bragg grating pair has a similar characteristic wavelength modified from the characteristic wavelength of all other fiber Bragg grating pairs in the subband. The subarrays are interconnected to minimize crosstalk of common wavelengths between the sensors throughout the interferometer array. Our work is focused on investigating the selection of the best wavelength for use in the system. This study was performed using state-of-the-art simulation techniques for strain and temperature changes in FBG sensor arrays. The cumulative results obtained will help designers achieve optimized performance of similar fiber optic hydrophones in the future. The wavelength range of 1300 nm has been shown to provide the best performance for this type of fiber optic hydrophone system.","PeriodicalId":33835,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68882336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional importance and structure of small ribosomal protein RACK1","authors":"Karzan Salih","doi":"10.24271/passer.2021.301031.1080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/passer.2021.301031.1080","url":null,"abstract":"The Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1 (RACK1) protein is one of the ribosomal proteins that is located in the small subunit which is maintained across most of the eukaryotes and functions as a flexible scaffold protein involved in multiple signaling pathways. It is considered as a highly conserved protein that found in a wide range of tryptophan-aspartate (WD40) repeat proteins of eukaryotic organisms, from Chlamydomonas to plants and mammals. RACK1 adopts a propeller structure with seven blades structures, enabling the binding capability of the protein. RACK1 participates in shuttling and anchoring of proteins around the cells at certain positions and it stabilizes protein production during translation. RACK1 is a member of the protein family WD repeat that consists of seven-bladed βpropeller structure which shares important homology to the G-proteins (Gb) β-subunit. It interacts with the ribosomal machinery, multiple receptors of the cell surface and the nuclear proteins. RACK1 is a key mediator of different pathways and contributes to a variety of cellular functional aspects. This review discusses the main function of RACK1 protein in eukaryotes including animals and plants. Furthermore, we will show the recent study on RACK1 function in different organisms. © 2022 Production by the University of Garmian. This is an open access article under the LICENSE https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/","PeriodicalId":33835,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44919208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Topology Control base on Ant Colony Algorithm in Optimization of Wireless Sensor Network","authors":"Zana Azeez Kakarash, S. H. Karim, Nawroz Fadhel Ahmed, Govar Abubakr Omar","doi":"10.24271/PSR.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/PSR.22","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have found great appeal and popularity among researchers, especially in the field of monitoring and surveillance tasks. However, it has become a challenging issue due to the need to balance different optimization criteria such as power consumption, packet loss rate, and network lifetime, and coverage. The novelty of this research discusses the applications, structures, challenges, and issues we face in designing WSNs. And proposed new Topology control mechanisms it will focus more on building a reliable and energy efficient network topology step by step through defining available amount of energy for each node within its cluster, sorting all within header, and selecting an active one (more power header) for signal routing. While sensor cover topology demonstrates network monitoring capability, connection topology should remain as a requirement for the successful delivery of information including queries, data collected, and control messages. How to build an optimized coating topology while remaining efficient and low-cost connection is not well understood and needs further research. Power control and power management are two different types of topology controllers. Also in our study, we examine network lifetime, compared to other schemas time of death of the first node and the last node, and found that network lifetime was increased. Finally, a topology control method for extending network lifetime is presented.","PeriodicalId":33835,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87940173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}