Frontiers in Water最新文献

{"title":"High-resolution mapping of snow cover in montane meadows and forests using Planet imagery and machine learning","authors":"Kehan Yang, Aji John, D. Shean, J. Lundquist, Ziheng Sun, Fangfang Yao, Stefan Todoran, N. Cristea","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2023.1128758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2023.1128758","url":null,"abstract":"Mountain snowpack provides critical water resources for forest and meadow ecosystems that are experiencing rapid change due to global warming. An accurate characterization of snowpack heterogeneity in these ecosystems requires snow cover observations at high spatial resolutions, yet most existing snow cover datasets have a coarse resolution. To advance our observation capabilities of snow cover in meadows and forests, we developed a machine learning model to generate snow-covered area (SCA) maps from PlanetScope imagery at about 3-m spatial resolution. The model achieves a median F1 score of 0.75 for 103 cloud-free images across four different sites in the Western United States and Switzerland. It is more accurate (F1 score = 0.82) when forest areas are excluded from the evaluation. We further tested the model performance across 7,741 mountain meadows at the two study sites in the Sierra Nevada, California. It achieved a median F1 score of 0.83, with higher accuracy for larger and simpler geometry meadows than for smaller and more complexly shaped meadows. While mapping SCA in regions close to or under forest canopy is still challenging, the model can accurately identify SCA for relatively large forest gaps (i.e., 15m < DCE < 27m), with a median F1 score of 0.87 across the four study sites, and shows promising accuracy for areas very close (>10m) to forest edges. Our study highlights the potential of high-resolution satellite imagery for mapping mountain snow cover in forested areas and meadows, with implications for advancing ecohydrological research in a world expecting significant changes in snow.","PeriodicalId":33801,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48684734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Environmental isotopes for water resource management","authors":"Prasanna Mohan Viswanathan, C. Sabarathinam, Venkatramanan Senapathi, S. Sekar","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2023.1211029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2023.1211029","url":null,"abstract":"COPYRIGHT © 2023 Mohan Viswanathan, Sabarathinam, Senapathi and Sekar. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: Environmental isotopes for water resource management","PeriodicalId":33801,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45717773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Application of remote sensing and non-invasive hydrogeophysics to integrated hydrological models","authors":"M. Lubczynski, M. Leblanc, O. Batelaan","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2023.1217946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2023.1217946","url":null,"abstract":"COPYRIGHT © 2023 Lubczynski, Leblanc and Batelaan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: Application of remote sensing and non-invasive hydrogeophysics to integrated hydrological models","PeriodicalId":33801,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47169586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Groundwater salinity: origin, impact, and potential remedial measures and management solutions","authors":"M. Barbieri","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2023.1202576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2023.1202576","url":null,"abstract":"COPYRIGHT © 2023 Barbieri. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: Groundwater salinity: origin, impact, and potential remedial measures and management solutions","PeriodicalId":33801,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47020825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viewing river corridors through the lens of critical zone science","authors":"A. Wymore, A. Ward, E. Wohl, J. Harvey","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2023.1147561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2023.1147561","url":null,"abstract":"River corridors integrate the active channels, geomorphic floodplain and riparian areas, and hyporheic zone while receiving inputs from the uplands and groundwater and exchanging mass and energy with the atmosphere. Here, we trace the development of the contemporary understanding of river corridors from the perspectives of geomorphology, hydrology, ecology, and biogeochemistry. We then summarize contemporary models of the river corridor along multiple axes including dimensions of space and time, disturbance regimes, connectivity, hydrochemical exchange flows, and legacy effects of humans. We explore how river corridor science can be advanced with a critical zone framework by moving beyond a primary focus on discharge-based controls toward multi-factor models that identify dominant processes and thresholds that make predictions that serve society. We then identify opportunities to investigate relationships between large-scale spatial gradients and local-scale processes, embrace that riverine processes are temporally variable and interacting, acknowledge that river corridor processes and services do not respect disciplinary boundaries and increasingly need integrated multidisciplinary investigations, and explicitly integrate humans and their management actions as part of the river corridor. We intend our review to stimulate cross-disciplinary research while recognizing that river corridors occupy a unique position on the Earth's surface.","PeriodicalId":33801,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48287463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrological forecasting at impact scale: the integrated ParFlow hydrological model at 0.6 km for climate resilient water resource management over Germany","authors":"Alexandre Belleflamme, K. Goergen, N. Wagner, S. Kollet, S. Bathiany, Juliane El Zohbi, D. Rechid, J. Vanderborght, H. Vereecken","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2023.1183642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2023.1183642","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of the repeated droughts that have affected central Europe over the last years (2018–2020, 2022), climate-resilient management of water resources, based on timely information about the current state of the terrestrial water cycle and forecasts of its evolution, has gained an increasing importance. To achieve this, we propose a new setup for simulations of the terrestrial water cycle using the integrated hydrological model ParFlow/CLM at high spatial and temporal resolution (i.e., 0.611 km, hourly time step) over Germany and the neighboring regions. We show that this setup can be used as a basis for a monitoring and forecasting system that aims to provide stakeholders from many sectors, but especially agriculture, with diagnostics and indicators highlighting different aspects of subsurface water states and fluxes, such as subsurface water storage, seepage water, capillary rise, or fraction of plant available water for different (root-)depths. The validation of the new simulation setup with observation-based data monthly over the period 2011–2020 yields good results for all major components of the terrestrial water cycle analyzed here, i.e., volumetric soil moisture, evapotranspiration, water table depth, and river discharge. As this setup relies on a standardized grid definition and recent globally available static fields and parameters (e.g., topography, soil hydraulic properties, land cover), the workflow could easily be transferred to many regions of the Earth, including sparsely gauged regions, since ParFlow/CLM does not require calibration.","PeriodicalId":33801,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41360030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning of model- and reanalysis-based precipitation and pressure mismatches over Europe","authors":"Kaveh Patakchi Yousefi, S. Kollet","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2023.1178114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2023.1178114","url":null,"abstract":"Physically based numerical weather prediction and climate models provide useful information for a large number of end users, such as flood forecasters, water resource managers, and farmers. However, due to model uncertainties arising from, e.g., initial value and model errors, the simulation results do not match the in situ or remotely sensed observations to arbitrary accuracy. Merging model-based data with observations yield promising results benefiting simultaneously from the information content of the model results and observations. Machine learning (ML) and/or deep learning (DL) methods have been shown to be useful tools in closing the gap between models and observations due to the capacity in the representation of the non-linear space–time correlation structure. This study focused on using UNet encoder–decoder convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for extracting spatiotemporal features from model simulations for predicting the actual mismatches (errors) between the simulation results and a reference data set. Here, the climate simulations over Europe from the Terrestrial Systems Modeling Platform (TSMP) were used as input to the CNN. The COSMO-REA6 reanalysis data were used as a reference. The proposed merging framework was applied to mismatches in precipitation and surface pressure representing more and less chaotic variables, respectively. The merged data show a strong average improvement in mean error (~ 47%), correlation coefficient (~ 37%), and root mean square error (~22%). To highlight the performance of the DL-based method, the results were compared with the results obtained by a baseline method, quantile mapping. The proposed DL-based merging methodology can be used either during the simulation to correct model forecast output online or in a post-processing step, for downstream impact applications, such as flood forecasting, water resources management, and agriculture.","PeriodicalId":33801,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48718280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wastewater monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in on-grid, partially and fully off-grid Bedouin communities in Southern Israel","authors":"K. Yaniv, Hillary A. Craddock, Fareed Mahameed, M. Shagan, I. Salah, S. Lakkakula, Keren Resnick, Corinne Haber, N. Davidovitch, J. Moran-Gilad, A. Kushmaro, C. Lipchin","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2023.1136066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2023.1136066","url":null,"abstract":"Background Wastewater based epidemiology (WBE) has become an important tool in SARS-CoV-2 surveillance and epidemiology. While WBE measurements generally correlate with observed case numbers in large municipal areas on sewer grids, there are few studies on its utility in communities that are off-grid (non-sewered). Methods and materials To explore the applicability of wastewater surveillance in our region, five Bedouin communities along the Hebron Stream in Southern Israel (Negev desert) were sampled. One point (El-Sayed) represents a community with partial connection to the sewer grid system and another point (Um Batin) represents a community with no access to the sewer grid system. The towns of Hura, Lakia, and Tel Al-Sabi/Tel Sheva were on-grid. A total of 87 samples were collected between August 2020 to January 2021 using both grab and composite sampling. RNA was extracted from the raw sewage and concentrated sewage. RT-qPCR was carried out with N1, N2, and N3 gene targets, and findings were compared to human case data from the Israeli Ministry of Health. Results SARS-CoV-2 was detected consistently over time in on-grid Bedouin towns (Lakia, Tel Sheva/Tel as-Sabi, and Hura) and inconsistently in smaller, off-grid communities (El-Sayed and Um Batin). The trend in maximum copy number/L appears to be driven by population size. When comparing case numbers normalized to population size, the amount of gene copies/L was inconsistently related to reported case numbers. SARS-CoV-2 was also detected from sewage-impacted environmental waters representing communities with no access to the wastewater grid. When grab sampling and composite sampling data were compared, results were generally comparable however composite sampling produced superior results. Conclusions The mismatch observed between detected virus and reported cases could indicate asymptomatic or “silent” community transmission, under-testing within these communities (due to factors like mistrust in government, stigma, misinformation) or a combination therein. While the exact reason for the mismatch between environmental SARS-CoV-2 signals and case numbers remains unresolved, these findings suggest that sewage surveillance, including grab sampling methodologies, can be a critical aspect of outbreak surveillance and control in areas with insufficient human testing and off-grid communities.","PeriodicalId":33801,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43780385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Risk analysis of hydrological extremes — spatio-temporal dynamics, interdependence, and uncertainty","authors":"C. Onyutha, S. Golian, H. Moftakhari, M. Najafi, H. Tabari","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2023.1205502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2023.1205502","url":null,"abstract":"COPYRIGHT © 2023 Onyutha, Golian, Moftakhari, Najafi and Tabari. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: Risk analysis of hydrological extremes — spatio-temporal dynamics, interdependence, and uncertainty","PeriodicalId":33801,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43604944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial distribution and determinants of limited access to improved drinking water service among households in Ethiopia based on the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey: spatial and multilevel analyses","authors":"Meron Asmamaw Alemayehu, Muluken Chanie Agimas, Daniel Alayu Shewaye, N. Derseh, Fantu Mamo Aragaw","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2023.1166733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2023.1166733","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Safe and easily accessible drinking water service generates substantial benefits for public health and the economy. Approximately 10% of the global burden of disease worldwide could be prevented with improved access to drinking water. The death of ~ 30% of children younger than 5 years in developing countries is attributable to inadequate access to improved drinking water. Despite the presence of abundant water sources in Ethiopia, uneven distribution and waste pollution coupled with unprecedented population growth, rapid urbanization, and climate change are hindering the country's ability to maintain the balance between the demand and supply of accessible and improved drinking water services. The importance of up-to-date evidence for actions regarding the distribution of access to improved drinking water services is indicated by the Ethiopian Ministry of Water and Energy. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the spatial distribution and determinants of limited access to improved drinking water service among households in Ethiopia. Methods This study used the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS). The data were weighted using sampling weight to restore the representativeness and to obtain valid statistical estimates. After excluding ineligible households, a total weighted sample of 5,760 households was included in the final analysis. The analysis was performed using STATA version 14.2, ArcGIS Pro, and SaTScan version 10.1 software. To find significant determinants with limited access to improved drinking water service, we used a multilevel logistic regression model. A P-value of &lt;0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results This study found that in Ethiopia, 16.1% (95% CI: 15.2, 17.1) of households have limited access to improved drinking water services. The spatial distribution of households with limited access was identified to be clustered across a few regions of the country (Moran's I = 0.17, p-value &lt; 0.01). The most likely significant primary clusters with highly limited access were seen in the Somali region (RR = 4.16, LLR = 162.8), the border between Amhara and Afar region (RR = 4.74, LLR = 41.6), the border between Oromia and Afar region (RR = 5.21, LLR = 13.23), and the northeastern Tigray region (RR = 2.52, LLR = 9.87). The wealth index, the age of household head, residence, and region were significantly associated with limited access to improved drinking water service. A high rate of limited access to improved drinking water service is predicted in the southwestern part of Gambella, the northeastern part of Oromia, the southwestern part of South Nation Nationalities and Peoples' region, and part of the Oromia region that surrounds Addis Ababa. Conclusion Limited access to improved drinking water service in Ethiopia varies across regions, and inequality in the service provision exists in the country. Prioritization and extra level of efforts should be made by concerned government and non","PeriodicalId":33801,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43410752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}