Naselenie i ekonomika最新文献

{"title":"Geoinformation analysis russian health system: modeling, visualization, analysis","authors":"Alexander N. Panin, Vladimir S. Tikunov, Vitaly M. Eshrokov, Tamara V. Vatlina","doi":"10.3897/popecon.7.e104639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/popecon.7.e104639","url":null,"abstract":"In the Russian Federation, noticeable differences remain among its constituent entities in terms of citizens’ access to high-quality medical care. The primary challenges in the development of the nation’s healthcare system and its various regions are closely linked to demographic trends and the need to address mortality problems. The state of regional healthcare systems plays a pivotal role in influencing mortality rates, which, in turn, serves as a reflection of the regional and municipal healthcare systems’ overall development. Consequently, the development of an algorithm or methodology for assessing the effectiveness of healthcare systems, as mandated by strategic and territorial planning documents at all administrative levels, has become a pressing scientific concern and the focal point of this research. The development of the algorithm involved a multifactor analysis and geoinformation mapping methods. The authors have developed specific criteria to evaluate the current state of healthcare systems in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipalities, taking into account their impact on target socio-economic indicators and mortality rates aligned with the national objectives of the Russian Federation, as well as the goals outlined in the National Projects «Healthcare» and «Demography.» Through a comprehensive analysis of demographic and socio-economic factors, the research has unveiled distinctive characteristics in the spatial organization and structure of healthcare systems, both at the municipal and constituent entity levels within the Russian Federation. This analysis has facilitated the development of typologies for the constituent entities based on a comprehensive composite indicator that encompasses both medical and non-medical factors. The authors have introduced a system of cartographic indicators designed to evaluate the efficiency of the spatial organization of healthcare systems at various territorial levels, encompassing constituent entities of the Russian Federation, municipalities, and settlements. To support this evaluation, the authors have prepared a series of original cartographic materials for each level, featuring corresponding assessment indicators.","PeriodicalId":33779,"journal":{"name":"Naselenie i ekonomika","volume":" 552","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135186880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable development, ESG and the “price” of health","authors":"Sergey N. Bobylev, Sofya V. Solovyeva, Nataliya R. Koshkina","doi":"10.3897/popecon.7.e103302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/popecon.7.e103302","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s global community, there is an increasing focus on prioritizing the preservation of human health while addressing the challenges of transitioning to sustainable development and environmental protection. The significance of health is well emphasized in the UN Sustainable Development Goals. This article highlights the objectives and key indicators pertaining to Goals 3, 6, and 11. Within the context of health, the ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) approach is considered, emphasizing the integration of environmental (E) and social (S) aspects. It’s important to recognize the close relationship between environmental and social aspects, including health, while acknowledging the role of governance (G) in ensuring this integration and interconnection. In the realm of economic theory and practice, underestimating or neglecting the factor of health in socio-economic decision-making processes is a classic problem of «market failures» and negative externalities that remain uninternalized. The authors propose five categories of indicators that establish a connection between population health and the condition and pollution of the environment:1) levels of morbidity and mortality resulting from environmental pollution; 2) proxy indicators related to the impact on health; 3) economic assessment of the population’s willingness to pay for environmental quality and disease prevention; 4) direct economic harm to public health caused by environmental pollution; 5) comprehensive indicators that quantify the relationship between the state and pollution of the environment and the health of the population in monetary terms. Particular emphasis is placed on a set of indicators that evaluate the direct economic harm to the health of the population. The total environmental damage to the health of the Russian population, primarily attributable to air and water pollution, can be estimated at 2.3-6.1% of the GDP.","PeriodicalId":33779,"journal":{"name":"Naselenie i ekonomika","volume":"56 18","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135819660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Household time allocation in Russia: economic or sociocultural model?","authors":"Elina A. Bugdaeva","doi":"10.3897/popecon.7.e101852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/popecon.7.e101852","url":null,"abstract":"The article is focused on determining the dominant model of household time allocation in Russia based on the analysis of demographic, economic, social, and sociocultural factors. The main method of the study is a statistical analysis of the data from a household survey conducted by the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation in 2019 titled “Selective observation of the daily time use by the population”. The results of the study indicate an unfinished transition toward gender equality. The economic model of time allocation (the more one participates in the labor market, the less housework one does) is dominant during the work week, while the sociocultural model (gender determines the degree of workload in the household regardless of the level of employment in the labor market) takes precedence on the weekends. This is expressed in the increase in women’s unpaid work on weekends as compensation for missing out on household chores during the working weekdays. In addition, depending on the size of the gender gaps we identified “patriarchal” and “progressive” regions of Russia. Sociocultural characteristics turned out to be significant not only in the “patriarchal” regions but also in most of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Sociocultural attitudes weaken the economic model in the allocation of time between partners, especially on weekends. Thus, the economic model dominates on weekdays while the sociocultural one dominates on weekends.","PeriodicalId":33779,"journal":{"name":"Naselenie i ekonomika","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135616449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural Changes in Russia during the Coronavirus Crisis","authors":"Elena N. Nikishina, Viktor A. Bryzgalin, Anton V. Zolotov","doi":"10.3897/popecon.7.e104095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/popecon.7.e104095","url":null,"abstract":"The paper focuses on cultural changes in Russia during the coronavirus crisis. The analysis of data from the representative Russian national and Moscow regional surveys conducted in autumn 2018 and in summer 2020 revealed the following changes as the level of trust remained unchanged: a reduced planning horizon, a higher uncertainty avoidance, decreased values of autonomy and stimulation, and an increased value of security. The cultural changes identified are manifested both on average in the representative samples and for individual age groups. The cultural changes are more pronounced in the all-Russian sample than in the Moscow regional sample. In the context of different age groups, the greatest cultural changes are identified among people aged 18‑35, which may produce long-term effects of the coronavirus crisis on Russia’s economic development. Empirical analysis of data from the international surveys WVS, EVS, and ESS has shown that the cultural changes identified in Russia are only partially manifested in other countries, which determines the importance of studying country-specific cultural changes caused by external shocks. Promising areas of research include analysing changes in institutional equilibria provoked by external shocks and corresponding cultural shifts, as well as designing interim institutions that would help smooth the adverse effects caused by the coronavirus crisis.","PeriodicalId":33779,"journal":{"name":"Naselenie i ekonomika","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135199350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involved fatherhood in Russia","authors":"Sofia M. Rebrey","doi":"10.3897/popecon.7.e107546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/popecon.7.e107546","url":null,"abstract":"Involved fatherhood in Russia is defined and evaluated using a time diary. In one-third of the surveyed households, fathers devote more (or the same) time to childcare than mothers on weekends. Additionally, in one-third of households, fathers spend more than two hours with their children on weekends. An important characteristic of involved fatherhood is care diversity – they provide almost all types of care. However, they continue to play a secondary role, not performing the accompanying routine household services necessary for the full and independent care of the child, such as cooking and subsequent cleaning, washing clothes, etc. In only 3-4% of households, fathers take care of the child and household, but even in this case, they remain in the position of helpers since household management remains primarily a female activity. Involved fatherhood is facilitated by urban living, a higher level of education, and a higher income level for both parents.","PeriodicalId":33779,"journal":{"name":"Naselenie i ekonomika","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135246418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological adaptation of Russians in post-Soviet countries: the role of context","authors":"Alexander N. Tatarko, Nadezhda M. Lebedeva","doi":"10.3897/popecon.7.e107416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/popecon.7.e107416","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper was to study psychological adaptation of ethnic Russians in various contexts of post-Soviet countries. To achieve this goal, a survey was conducted in the following seven post-Soviet republics: Estonia (N=314), Kazakhstan (N=179), Kyrgyzstan (N=300), Armenia (N=109), Tajikistan (N=284), Latvia (N=334), Georgia (N=312). The total sample size equaled to 1832 people. The study showed that in different contexts of post-Soviet republics, psychological adaptation of Russians differs. The authors have identified two contextual conditions that are important for successful adaptation in post-Soviet countries: the policy towards ethnic Russians, which can be either inclusive or restrictive, as well as subjective cultural distance. Accordingly, four contexts of the adaptation of Russians have been identified. With a combination of inclusive policies and a short subjective cultural distance (Kazakhstan), the conditions for psychological adaptation are favourable, ethnic boundaries are permeable, bridging (interethnic) social capital is formed. However, there is a downside to such a favourable context – there are assimilation tendencies out there. With a combination of inclusive policies and a long subjective cultural distance (Kyrgyzstan, Armenia), Russians have the opportunity to fully preserve their ethnic identity and integrate into the host society. Such a context shows the highest scores of self-esteem as one of the indicators of psychological adaptation. In the case of a combination of restrictive policies and a short subjective cultural distance (Estonia, Latvia), Russians make kind of a “request” for integration, that is, the preservation of their own culture along with inclusion in the culture of host societies. A context combining restrictive policies and a large subjective cultural distance (Georgia, Tajikistan) is the most unfavourable for the psychological adaptation of Russians. It is characteristic that in this context, Russians are forced to reduce, “conceal” their ethnic identity, since the degree of their ethnic identity is negatively associated with life satisfaction, that is, with successful adaptation.","PeriodicalId":33779,"journal":{"name":"Naselenie i ekonomika","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Model of Community Participation in Rural Development in Jambi Province, Indonesia","authors":"K. Kuswanto, Irzal Anderson","doi":"10.3897/popecon.7.e97189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/popecon.7.e97189","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to examine the level of community participation and its enabling factors. The study covered 277 rural communities selected by the area sampling technique, at the district, sub-district, and village levels. The data were analyzed using the SEM-PLS method. The analysis results show that the level of community participation in Jambi Province in village development is influenced by internal community factors, such as socio-economic status and community culture, while community external factors, such as the role of mass media, village head leadership and public services hardly have any significant effect. Community culture variables mediate social media variables and socioeconomic status in determining community participation. Therefore, it is suggested that the government optimize the role of mass media as a medium of information, education and services to strengthen culture. The government must also provide feedback on the community participation in the development in the form of public facilities, economic stability, security and ease of access to education so that it will make it easier for the community to improve their socio-economic status, which in turn will create a good culture of social life. It is necessary to disseminate information within the community about various forms of services to the population that are easily accessible so that the community can feel their role and enjoy benefits of these services.","PeriodicalId":33779,"journal":{"name":"Naselenie i ekonomika","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41949230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Sociological background influence the choice of Availing of Maternity Care facilities? A study on North-Eastern region of India using hybrid models of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis","authors":"Debasis Neogi","doi":"10.3897/popecon.7.e93819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/popecon.7.e93819","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The north-eastern part of India, dominated by a population belonging to various tribal communities, possesses diverse socioeconomic characteristics. The variation across communities in terms of availing maternity care is linked to socioeconomic traits.\u0000 Objective: To conduct a comparative performance appraisal of all 16 regions in North-East India regarding the availing of maternity care and explore the linkage between each state’s socioeconomic characteristics and its relative success in delivering maternity care.\u0000 Methods: The study is based on the data from India’s National Family Health Survey (NFHS – 4). We considered a total of 16 geographical areas, 11 criteria of maternity care, and 17 socioeconomic characteristics. We utilized hybrid models of AHP-TOPSIS and Entropy-TOPSIS for the ordinal evaluation of the regions concerning the delivery of maternity care and socioeconomic attainments. Finally, we analysed the associations between the two.\u0000 Results: The ordinal evaluations rank all 16 regions regarding socioeconomic attainments and the delivery of maternity care. The study finds that Manipur, as a state, excels in delivering maternity care, while Meghalaya is the poorest performer. Female literacy, female educational attainment, male literacy, and female fertility are critical factors significantly impacting women’s availing of maternity care.","PeriodicalId":33779,"journal":{"name":"Naselenie i ekonomika","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46393245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Reproductive Behavior Arguments in Social Media Content Users’ Opinions through Natural Language Processing Techniques","authors":"I. Kalabikhina, E. Zubova, N. Loukachevitch, Anthony Kolotusha, Zarina Kazbekova, E. Banin, G. Klimenko","doi":"10.3897/popecon.7.e97064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/popecon.7.e97064","url":null,"abstract":"Big data provides researchers with valuable sources of information for studying demographic behavior in the population. One such source is the texts posted by social network users on various demographic issues. This study utilizes methods for automatically extracting user opinions from the “VKontakte” social network. The extracted texts are then classified using the Conversational RuBERT neural network model to investigate opinions related to reproductive behavior in the population. The classification process addresses two consecutive problems. Firstly, it aims to identify whether a user’s comment contains argumentation. Secondly, if an argument is present, it seeks to determine its type within the context of the “personal-public” dichotomy. To search for arguments and classify their types, six experiments were conducted, varying the dataset and the number of classes. The method employed for automatic extraction and classification of user opinions on the “VKontakte” social network has demonstrated the ability to accurately classify users’ comments, identifying the presence of argumentation and categorizing the arguments within the “personal-public” dichotomy. This enables the identification of personal and social attitudes, values, stories, and opinions, thus facilitating the study of reproductive behavior.","PeriodicalId":33779,"journal":{"name":"Naselenie i ekonomika","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47757474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital transformation of high-performing teams","authors":"O. Zolotina, T. Razumova, Yaroslav A. Sotnikov, Anton V. Nastavnyuk, Hergen Frerichs","doi":"10.3897/popecon.7.e98911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/popecon.7.e98911","url":null,"abstract":"The paper studies the impact of the covid-19 pandemic and shift to remote work on team productivity. The purpose of the article is to analyze changes in agile team performance in a virtual format of work and to analyze risks and opportunities for management solutions to maintain or improve their work productivity. The study provides a literature review and empirical analysis of high-performing teams in the Russian companies. In the empirical part, the authors first conduct interviews with heads of HR-departments to collect general information on high-performing teams and risks, appeared after transition to remote work, and then study opinions of high-performing teams’ members to assess their own attitude to changes in work productivity in 2019-2021. In the result section the authors show changes in the management views and recognition of the hybrid and virtual team capabilities and demonstrate that recent agile team concepts are based more on partially-remote work and focus on individual rather than collaborative work and face-to-face work periods for innovative activities and team-building of agile project members as the way to maintain their high productivity.","PeriodicalId":33779,"journal":{"name":"Naselenie i ekonomika","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45422993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}