{"title":"Mandela’s Federal Democracy","authors":"R. Inman, D. Rubinfeld","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvss3znv.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvss3znv.16","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter studies the central role that the institutions of Democratic Federalism played in South Africa's transition from apartheid to a multiracial democracy, one of the most important political events of the last century. While both apartheid's governing National Party (NP) and the resistance's African National Congress (ANC) agreed that the century of suppression and armed resistance must end, negotiations over exactly how the new democratic government should be designed were far from harmonious. The NP wished to protect the economic interests of the once-ruling elite and rural landowners, while the ANC was committed to a significant expansion of essential public services for the poor: health care, education, and housing. In the background was a desire to avoid the damaging consequences of Zimbabwe's monolithic unitary government, a concern for both the ANC and the NP. They compromised on a middle ground of shared governance with politically independent provincial and metropolitan governments constitutionally assigned to provide all important local services, and a separately elected national parliament and president responsible for setting the overall rate of taxation and funding for local services. The federal compromise has worked, so far, to the economic benefit of most South Africans.","PeriodicalId":337669,"journal":{"name":"Democratic Federalism","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130832446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Democratic Federalism","authors":"R. Inman, D. Rubinfeld","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvss3znv.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvss3znv.9","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter details the likely economic, democratic, and rights performance of a decentralized national legislature with representatives elected from geographically specified local districts. The national legislature is assigned responsibility for national public goods and services and national regulations. Decisions in the legislature are made by simple majority rule. Independent local governments continue to be responsible for important local services, perhaps provided concurrently with the national government. On the dimensions of democratic participation and the protection of rights and liberties, Democratic Federalism is likely to do well, provided all citizens are represented in the legislature. It is on the dimension of economic efficiency that legislature-only Democratic Federalism is most likely to fall short.","PeriodicalId":337669,"journal":{"name":"Democratic Federalism","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129316524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FIST:","authors":"Masato Nakada, H. Ballet, Issei Fujishiro","doi":"10.1145/3283254.3283280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3283254.3283280","url":null,"abstract":"There are many opportunities to draw human hands in computer graphics. The motion of internal organs within a human hand has a non-negligible effect on the natural change in the appearance of the hand's surface. In this work, we propose a method for expressing this change interactively with the use of an implicit model of a human hand that has semi-anatomical structures. The model is referred to as Fast, Implicit model with Semi-anatomical sTructures or FIST. In the FIST model, bones are modeled anatomically based on computed tomography imaging, while soft tissues are modeled artificially. It can be controlled only by specifying the angles of the joints. The proposed method can contribute to a compelling expression of the dynamism in such hand motions as grasping, pinching, and scratching in immersive virtual reality and games.","PeriodicalId":337669,"journal":{"name":"Democratic Federalism","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123369967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A NOTE ON THE TYPE","authors":"Bart Schultz","doi":"10.1515/9781400884957-011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400884957-011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":337669,"journal":{"name":"Democratic Federalism","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124292799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}