{"title":"The Usefulness of Gradient Property Materials","authors":"B. D. Guenther","doi":"10.1364/giois.1981.tuc1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/giois.1981.tuc1","url":null,"abstract":"The various types of gradient properties and their utilization are reviewed with emphasis on Army applications.","PeriodicalId":337026,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Gradient-Index Optical Imaging Systems","volume":"302 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122731100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A New Method for Tracing Rays through Graded Index Media","authors":"Anurag Sharma, A. Ghatak","doi":"10.1364/giois.1981.ma3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/giois.1981.ma3","url":null,"abstract":"Ray tracing in graded-index media forms an essential part of the design of inhomogeneous lenses. However, since the path of rays in such media are curved, in general, one has to solve the ray equation numerically, except in a few cases in which analytical solutions are possible (see, e.g., Refs.1-3). As such, some algorithms have been developed for tracing rays through a general medium(4-7). We present here a new numerical method for tracing rays through graded index media and have shown that this method requires much less computational effort (in comparison to other methods) for obtaining a desired accuracy. The method essentially consists of putting the ray equation in a convenient form by appropriately defining a new variable and solving the resulting equation using a standard numerical technique(8). In Sec.2, we have described the method and in Sec. 3, we have presented numerical results corresponding to graded index media which are of considerable practical importance and have also compared the computational effort with other methods(6,7).","PeriodicalId":337026,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Gradient-Index Optical Imaging Systems","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122449833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characterization of Planar Microlenses Made by Ion Exchange Diffusion","authors":"X. Zhu, K. Iga","doi":"10.1364/giois.1987.thb1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/giois.1987.thb1","url":null,"abstract":"Several years ago, we proposed and demonstrated the distributed-index planar microlens1, which was made with a glass substrate by a selective ion exchange technique.","PeriodicalId":337026,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Gradient-Index Optical Imaging Systems","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129002526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Requirements And Measurement Techniques For GRIN-rod Lenses In Optical Fiber Components","authors":"W. Tomlinson, R. Wagner","doi":"10.1364/giois.1981.mc2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/giois.1981.mc2","url":null,"abstract":"Optical fiber communications systems require a variety of optical components, such as directional couplers, switches, wavelength multiplexers, etc., and most of the components that have been reported to date use graded-refractive-index rod lenses (GRIN-rod lenses).1 A very important parameter for the evaluation of such components is the insertion loss, and in most cases the major loss contributions are from imperfections of the lenses and from mechanical misalignments. In this paper we describe analysis techniques which make it possible to separate the effects of lens imperfections and misalignments, and from which we determine the lens characteristics required to achieve specified losses. We also review the various techniques available for measuring GRIN-rod lens characteristics, and compare the achievable accuracies of the techniques with that required for the analysis of fiber components.","PeriodicalId":337026,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Gradient-Index Optical Imaging Systems","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130537623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental Determination of the Chromatic Properties of Gradient Index Materials","authors":"D. P. Ryan","doi":"10.1364/giois.1981.md3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/giois.1981.md3","url":null,"abstract":"The design and tolerancing of gradient index lenses represent an advance in the area of lens design. The data necessary for the design of a gradient index optical component includes information about the index of refraction profile and the chromatic dependences of the gradient profile. The usefulness of the lens design thus hinges upon the accuracy to which these properties can be measured.","PeriodicalId":337026,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Gradient-Index Optical Imaging Systems","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121353343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Yamamoto, H. Nishi, K. Nishizawa, I. Kitano, T. Kubo, K. Okada
{"title":"SELFOC Micro Lens with Spherical Surface","authors":"N. Yamamoto, H. Nishi, K. Nishizawa, I. Kitano, T. Kubo, K. Okada","doi":"10.1364/giois.1981.tuc3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/giois.1981.tuc3","url":null,"abstract":"Gradient index rod lenses have been successfully applied to imaging systems and micro-optical circuits in electro-optical systems. When the rod lens is used as a light-focusing micro device such as a pick-up lens in the video disk, a high numerical aperture (NA) is necessary in order to get a small focused spot. NA of the rod lens is determined by the quadratic gradient constant g of the refractive-index profile, the diameter, and the length of the lens. However, NA can be changed by making an end surface spherical even if those parameters are made constant. On the other hand, the spherical surface has the minus spherical aberration, so it becomes possible to compensate the plus aberration of the rod lens by the spherical surface.1)","PeriodicalId":337026,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Gradient-Index Optical Imaging Systems","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133083364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of Gradient Index Optical Systems","authors":"D. Moore","doi":"10.1364/giois.1981.mb1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/giois.1981.mb1","url":null,"abstract":"The design of gradient index optical systems has advanced to the point where gradients can now be treated in much the same way as homogeneous degrees of freedom. Although many authors have restricted their gradients to radial type geometries with only plano surfaces, these limitations have for some time been overcome, and therefore, gradients bounded by curves or aspheric surfaces are now possible, at least in theory. The analytic tools for describing the performance of gradient index systems have been well described. These lens systems can now be evaluated from aberration theory, ray trace analysis, modulation transfer functions, and wavefront aberrations. At least one optimization routine has been written which permits the gradient profile to be varied in the same way as other construction parameters in homogeneous lenses. Therefore, the tools are in place for the automatic design of many different types of lens systems.","PeriodicalId":337026,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Gradient-Index Optical Imaging Systems","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117253273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hiroyuki Ichikawa, Hiroshi Koshi, P. Mclaughlin, M. Toyama
{"title":"Gradient-Index Achromatic Doublet","authors":"Hiroyuki Ichikawa, Hiroshi Koshi, P. Mclaughlin, M. Toyama","doi":"10.1364/giois.1987.fb3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/giois.1987.fb3","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the application area of gradient-index has extended to optical communication1), photocopy machine, endoscope, facsimile, printer, optical disk system2) and so on.","PeriodicalId":337026,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Gradient-Index Optical Imaging Systems","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123502214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tracing Path Length on a Skew Ray in a Radial Gradient","authors":"E. W. Marchand","doi":"10.1364/giois.1987.tha2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/giois.1987.tha2","url":null,"abstract":"Analytic formulas provide a rapid means of tracing rays in a gradient medium. Streifer and Paxton1,2 derived such formulas for the convergent type of radial gradient. They used a perturbation method to solve the appropriate differential equations, and the resulting formulas are quite accurate if a sufficient number of terms are retained.","PeriodicalId":337026,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Gradient-Index Optical Imaging Systems","volume":"389 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129168638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Large Diameter Radial Gradient-Index Glass","authors":"J. B. Caldwell, D. S. Kindred, D. Moore","doi":"10.1364/giois.1987.thd3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/giois.1987.thd3","url":null,"abstract":"The ion exchange technique is widely used to produce radial index gradients in glass.(1,2) The depth of the index profile produced by this technique is typically only a few millimeters or less. In order for radial gradients to be used in large scale imaging systems, however, much larger index profile depths are required. In this paper a radial gradient sample is presented which is 37 millimeters in diameter. The sample was produced by using conventional ion exchange techniques.","PeriodicalId":337026,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Gradient-Index Optical Imaging Systems","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130550563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}