Volume 11: Wind Energy最新文献

{"title":"Bearing Fault Detection on Wind Turbine Gearbox Vibrations Using Generalized Likelihood Ratio-Based Indicators","authors":"Kayacan Kestel, C. Peeters, J. Antoni, S. Sheng, J. Helsen","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-81294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-81294","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Studies in condition monitoring literature often aim to detect rolling element bearing faults because they have one of the biggest shares among defects in turbo machinery. Accordingly, several prognosis and diagnosis methods have been devised to identify fault signatures from vibration signals. A recently proposed method to capture the rolling element bearing degradation provides the groundwork for new indicator families utilizing the generalized likelihood ratio test. This novel approach exploits the cyclostationarity and the impulsiveness of vibration signals independently in order to estimate the most suitable indicators for a given fault. However, the method has yet to be tested on complex experimental vibration signals such as those of a wind turbine gearbox. In this study, the approach is applied to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory Wind Turbine Gearbox Condition Monitoring Round Robin Study data set for bearing fault detection purposes. The data set is measured on an experimental test rig of a wind turbine gearbox; hence the complexity of the vibration signals is similar to a real case. The outcome demonstrates that the proposed method is capable of distinguishing between healthy and damaged vibration signals measured on a complex wind turbine gearbox.","PeriodicalId":336848,"journal":{"name":"Volume 11: Wind Energy","volume":"33 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114018175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Wind Speed Characteristics of an Optimized Diffuser Augmented Wind Turbine","authors":"H. H. Abdelrahman, A. Elbaz, A. M. Elkholy","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-82052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-82052","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Towards a final aim of enhancing the feasibility of low-speed sites for wind energy generation, the current study introduces the diffuser augmentation as a method of enhancing the performance of wind turbines designed for poor wind conditions. The study uses a methodology that combines the MOGAII Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to generate a novel optimized diffuser profile out of nearly 200 geometric shapes. A case for each of the bare turbine and the diffuser-augmented turbine were modeled using 3-dimensional Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes equations (RANS) using k-ω SST model and FLUENT solver. The performance comparison indicated an overall average rise of 28.83% in power coefficient in favor of the diffuser-augmented case. The most significant performance rise of 47.19% was found at the low-speed region corresponding to Tip Speed Ratios between 8 and 12. Through investigating the starting torque at extremely low speeds above 1 m/s, it was evaluated that the starting torque increases significantly with an average rise of 60.64% in favor of the diffuser-augmented case, the enhanced starting torque widened the operational range of the wind turbine in the low wind speed region, and reduced the lowest required speed to induce a positive moment coefficient. This significant rise in performance particularly for low wind speeds which are dominantly more frequent in the annual wind conditions, combined with the enhanced starting capabilities, resulted in an annual generated energy increase of 23.18% compared to the bare turbine.","PeriodicalId":336848,"journal":{"name":"Volume 11: Wind Energy","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122323899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodology for the Pitch Controller Wind Prediction System in Small Wind Turbines","authors":"Oscar Lara-Mendoza, J. Jáuregui-Correa, Ernesto Chavero-Navarrete, José R. García-Martínez","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-81874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-81874","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Nowadays, it is necessary to generate electrical energy using renewable natural resources even when the wind is limited. Small wind turbines are required to operate even with turbulence due to operation height. In this research, a fuzzy logic controller for the angular position of the blades in a wind turbine is proposed. The pitch system regulates the rotational speed of the generator to keep it at a nominal value. The mechanics of a blade pitch system usually act slower than an electrical control signal, which causes problems when the blades need fast positioning. The need for a quick blade positioning response arises when wind gusts occur. Wind gusts are undesirable in all regions of wind turbine operation, making efficient pitch control a problem. This work develops the experimental platform on a small wind turbine located in Mexico at the Autonomous University of Queretaro (UAQ). The wind speed conditions in a non-steady-state regime are presented at the experimental site. A weather station meters ahead of the wind turbine anticipates the position of the rotor blade before being impacted. Results of this methodology prove that the rotor blades reach in advance the ideal position to receive air gusts. This methodology will contribute to the efficient and safe utilization of wind turbines with turbulent wind speeds.","PeriodicalId":336848,"journal":{"name":"Volume 11: Wind Energy","volume":"20 1-2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123580589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization Approach for Wind Farm Cable Layout Based on Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis Technique Algorithm and Swap Sequence Based Particle Swarm Algorithms","authors":"Deqi Yu, Ming Li","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-83860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-83860","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the fast evolving and increasingly competitive wind energy market, to minimize initial capex and maximize production profits are essential when designing a wind farm. The electrical cable accounts for around 10% of the total capex, reasonable layout of cable connections might induce significant reduction of electrical and construction cost. In this paper, the Fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering algorithm is adopted to determine the location of the substation(s) and the ISODATA (Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis Technique Algorithm) is employed to divide the wind farm into finite sub-domains, effectively reducing the complexity of the NP-hard (Non-deterministic polynomial-time hard) problem of cable layout optimization. The optimal cable layout in each sub-domain is obtained through the swap sequence based particle swarm optimization (SSPSO) and practical electrical constraints, while the objective function is to minimize the total cable costs, including material cost and cable laying cost. Current study highlights both applicability of clustering algorithm and particle swarm optimization to the cable layout problem in wind farm.","PeriodicalId":336848,"journal":{"name":"Volume 11: Wind Energy","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125993358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Twist Angle on the Performance of Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbines","authors":"A. Saad, Mahmoud A. Ahmed","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-80198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-80198","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Conventional straight-bladed Darrieus wind turbines have some drawbacks including large oscillations of coefficient of torque with negative values within a wide range of angle of rotation which decrease the self-starting abilities of the turbine and increase the mechanical vibrations. To solve these weaknesses, the current study proposes twisted-bladed Darrieus turbine instead of the conventional straight-bladed design to flatten the oscillations of torque coefficient in addition to enhancing the self-starting abilities of the Darrieus turbine. The studied angles of twisting are 45, 90, and 135 degrees in addition to the traditional untwisted Darrieus rotor. The trends of coefficient of power against ratio of rotor tip speed in addition to coefficients of dynamic and static torque over a complete cycle (360 degrees) are estimated for all studied twisted-bladed Darrieus turbines. Thus, three dimensional incompressible unsteady Reynolds-Average Navier-Stokes equations in conjunction with the k-ω shear-stress transport turbulence model is developed and numerically simulated utilizing ANSYS Fluent. The developed numerical model is validated using the available measurements from literature. The predicted characteristics of flow field around the proposed twisted-bladed Darrieus turbines are presented and compared with the traditional untwisted design.\u0000 Accordingly, results revealed a significant improvement of the coefficient of power is attained by increasing the angle of twisting from 0° to 90°. However, with an additional increase in the angle of twisting beyond 90°, the coefficient of power declined. The turbine with an angle of twisting of 90° attains the largest coefficient of power of 0.318 with a percentage increase of 13.2 % in comparison with the traditional straight-bladed Darrieus turbine which has a peak coefficient of power of 0.281. The traditional untwisted turbine has negative values of coefficient of static torque within a large range of angle of rotation. However, the proposed turbines with twisted blades exhibit lower torque fluctuations and positive static torque values at all angles of rotation resulting in enhancing the self-starting abilities of the Darrieus turbine.","PeriodicalId":336848,"journal":{"name":"Volume 11: Wind Energy","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132456938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large Eddy Simulations of Wind Turbine Flows","authors":"Jérôme Dabas, L. Gicquel, N. Odier, F. Duchaine","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-82096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-82096","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The development of the wind energy sector has to come with an increase in wind turbine and wind farm efficiency. This increase can be achieved through the use of CFD tools that allow to accurately predict, at a reasonable cost, the efficiency of new wind turbine designs, wind farm layouts and control strategies. In this context, high order CFD tools such as the ones based on the LES approach are required to develop and calibrate lower order models that can be used for industry purposes. The aim of the present study is to assess the ability of CERFACS’ LES solver developed for turbo-machinery applications — AVBP — to perform high fidelity simulations of wind turbine flows.\u0000 To this end, a wall-modelled approach was chosen to describe the boundary layer on the blades. In addition, A static mesh adaptation method was developed to optimise the mesh size while accurately resolving the turbine wake. Finally, a Pressure Gradient Scaling method [1] was applied to artificially relax the compressible flow CFL condition to a low-mach one and increase the time step.\u0000 The aforementioned framework was assessed on reduced wind turbine configurations developed and experimentally investigated by NTNU. Although the Reynolds number of these configurations is one to two orders of magnitude inferior to real wind turbine one, the controlled boundary conditions and the available experimental data make these configurations particularly interesting for code validation. Two configurations have been simulated.\u0000 The results show the ability of the numerical approach to capture the transition between near and far wake and the interaction between inflow turbulence and the wake. The comparison with experimental measurements shows that simulations accurately predict the velocity deficit and recover the right amount of turbulent kinetic energy at the beginning of the far wake. As a conclusion, the framework developed in this study is adapted to reduced turbine computation yet it has to be further validated on real scale wind turbines.","PeriodicalId":336848,"journal":{"name":"Volume 11: Wind Energy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133528595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study of Onshore Wind Turbine Property Damage","authors":"Bin Jou","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-80471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-80471","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As new capacity enters the wind energy market, property damage and forced outage losses of wind turbines are becoming more frequent. Risk assessment and property loss prevention for wind turbines are common goals for owners, operators, manufacturers, and insurers. In this work, wind turbine failures or damage from industry experience and literatures are reviewed and analyzed along with turbine property loss events at FM Global clients’ insured wind farms, with a focus on understanding the external and internal factors that drive the turbine damage through various failure modes, and for different modules or components. The types of property damage considered include breakdowns due to windstorms, lightning strikes, fires, as well as other mechanical and electrical breakdowns. The damage events are also analyzed from a component perspective including major items such as turbine blades, generators, gearboxes, other electrical and mechanical components etc. The risk of wind turbine property losses is discussed in terms of both frequency and severity of the events. The study reveals important trends of wind turbine property losses and indicates potential paths to effective loss prevention for various stakeholders in the wind energy industry.","PeriodicalId":336848,"journal":{"name":"Volume 11: Wind Energy","volume":"451 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133781392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct Numerical Simulations of Aerodynamic Performance of Wind Turbine Airfoil by Considering Flap-Wise Blade Oscillations","authors":"Mahdi Erfanian Nakhchi Toosi, M. Rahmati","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-81988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-81988","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Aeroelasticity of modern wind turbines is a critical issue which can significantly affect the structural integrity and lifetime of the wind turbine blades. However, previous aeroelastic or aerodynamic studies were mostly concentrated on low-fidelity numerical methods, and the details of flow separation and vortex generation over wind turbine airfoils cannot be detected with these methods. In this study, a high-fidelity direct numerical model is used to investigate the details of flow separations and laminar separation bubbles (LSB) over a NACA-0012 wind turbine airfoil under oscillation. The simulations are conducted at Reynolds number of Re = 1.3 × 105 and the blade has harmonic pitch-wise oscillations at Mach number of Ma∞ = 0.4. Strong fluctuations are observed in the wake region of the vibrating wind turbine blade. The results show that the blade vibrations have a significant influence on vortex generation and separation point over wind turbine blades. details of flow structure over wind turbine blades compared to previously proposed models.","PeriodicalId":336848,"journal":{"name":"Volume 11: Wind Energy","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127490373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unsupervised Feature Selection of Multi-Sensor SCADA Data in Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Condition Monitoring","authors":"Eric Stefan Miele, F. Bonacina, A. Corsini, Arianna Peruch, Marco Cannarozzo, Daniele Baldan, Francesco Pennisi","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-82462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-82462","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Wind power is one of the fastest-growing renewable energy sectors and is considered instrumental in the ongoing decarbonization process. However, wind turbines (WTs) present high operation and maintenance costs caused by inefficiencies and failures, leading to ever-increasing attention to effective Condition Monitoring (CM) strategies. Nowadays, modern WTs are integrated with sensor networks as part of the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system for supervision purposes. CM of wind farms through predictive models based on routinely collected SCADA data is envisaged as a viable mean of improving producibility by spotting operational inefficiencies. However, given the large number of variables monitored by SCADA systems, selecting those that contribute the most to the modelling of wind turbine health conditions is an open challenge. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised feature selection algorithm based on a novel multivariate Predictive Power Score (PPS). Unlike other approaches in literature that only consider relationships between pairs of variables, here we propose a Combined PPS (CPPS), where the information content of combinations of variables is considered for the prediction of one or more key parameters. The algorithm has been tested on 9 turbines belonging to the same wind farm located in the Italian territory. The results show that the proposed approach is more flexible and outperforms standard PPS.","PeriodicalId":336848,"journal":{"name":"Volume 11: Wind Energy","volume":"334 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115457515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimum Control Scheme for Deformable Blades Applied to Horizontal Wind Turbine","authors":"J. Jáuregui-Correa, Azael Duran-Catillo","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-81169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-81169","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Deformable blades are an option for load alleviation and power improvement for Horizontal Wind Turbines. The advantage of using a deformable blade is the load alleviation, the reduction of fatigue loads, and a small increment in power generation. The main drawback is the cost of the mechanical actuators and the need for special materials. Implementing shape morphing mechanisms requires new control schemes in the existing controllers. The proposed design is a cost-efficient and straightforward mechanism. These designs consist of a flexible glass fiber surface deformed with an elastic beam and a cam mechanism that modifies the aerodynamic profile. A single actuator moves a set of adjustable beams distributed along the blade. The operating conditions require the adjustment of two variables: the pitch angle and the modified profile. This paper presents an optimum scheme control that locates the best pitch angle and blade shape combination for incrementing the generated power and reducing the bending moment. The optimum control scheme results from the bending moment analysis and the estimation of the power coefficient for maximum power production. The mapping of these conditions was constructed using the Blade Element Momentum, and the results were verified with a Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis. The optimization process permits the definition of lookup tables that feed the control algorithm and set the controller’s parameters within the wind changes interval.","PeriodicalId":336848,"journal":{"name":"Volume 11: Wind Energy","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126267277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}