Land Contamination & Reclamation最新文献

{"title":"Occurrence and geochemistry of tungsten in the Carson River Basin, Nevada, USA.","authors":"M. Pardus, J. K. Sueker","doi":"10.2462/09670513.930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2462/09670513.930","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":336428,"journal":{"name":"Land Contamination & Reclamation","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115016520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissolution of tungsten-tin compared to tungsten-nylon rounds.","authors":"D. Felt, C. Griggs, S. Larson, C. Nestler, M. Thompson","doi":"10.2462/09670513.928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2462/09670513.928","url":null,"abstract":"Several materials have been used as binders in tungsten composite materials, including nylon fibers and metals such as tin, nickel, iron and cobalt. Tungsten composite materials have been used in munitions formulations ranging from smalland medium-caliber rounds to anti-tank missiles. There is concern that the nature of these metal composites may affect the solubility, and, therefore, the possible migration of tungsten and/or other metals into ecological systems. Tungsten solubility issues were addressed in this study by determining the bullet component mass loss associated with unfired tungsten–nylon bullet components, compared to unfired tungsten–tin bullet components. Tungsten concentrations detected in solutions that had been exposed to unfired tungsten–tin bullet components ranged from 1 to 4% of the tungsten concentrations in solutions exposed to unfired tungsten– nylon bullet components. The difference in bullet component mass loss rates between tungsten–nylon and tungsten–tin rounds may be explained by the difference in the materials used as binders in the tungsten composite matrix. The nylon polymer binder is an organic polymer that provides pathways for water to permeate the interior of the bullet component. The tin binder is less porous than the nylon polymer, which decreases the potential for tungsten dissolution from the interior of the metal composite matrix. Tungsten dissolution from the tungsten composite matrix is also decreased by galvanic corrosion when a metal (tin) binder is used. The protective effect of galvanic corrosion is reduced as the metal binder dissolves from the composite matrix and exposes more tungsten to solution. Galvanic corrosion and increased surface area explain why the relative positive effect of the metal binder with regard to dissolution rate was reduced when particle sizes decreased.","PeriodicalId":336428,"journal":{"name":"Land Contamination & Reclamation","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126539353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal exposure of mice to tungstate is associated with decreased transcriptome-expression of the putative tumor suppressor gene, DMBT1: implications for childhood leukemia.","authors":"Cynthia D. Fastje, K. Le, N. Sun, Simon S. Wong, P. Sheppard, M. Witte","doi":"10.2462/09670513.931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2462/09670513.931","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Two concurrent, childhood leukemia clusters have been identified in the southwestern United States at Fallon, Nevada, and Sierra Vista, Arizona. Additionally, Fallon, Nevada has also experienced concurrent contamination by atmospheric tungsten particles. The etiology of leukemia is not known. Hypothesized risk factors for leukemia are environmental exposure, genetic predisposition, and viral infection. Additionally, strong evidence supports a prenatal origin. Our objective is to generate testable hypotheses towards elucidating the probable, multi-factorial etiology of leukemia by identifying the exposures unique to Fallon, Nevada, and held in common with Sierra Vista, Arizona, then exposing C57BL/6 mice, while in utero, to these chemicals to ascertain their leukemogenic potential. Utilizing advances in medical geology to analyze tree rings, surface dust, lichens and atmospheric particulate matter, we have identified tungsten and arsenic as potentially relevant to leukemogenesis. Methods. We utilized microarray (Affymetrix 430A 2.0 mouse) and real-time RTPCR of Dmbt1 transcriptome-expression in spleen tissue collected from four-week-old C57BL/6 mouse pups (N = 6–8/group/gender) exposed, while in utero, to tungstate, arsenite, tungstate/arsenite and longitudinal controls at 20% of the normalized exposure a human mother would receive during gestation at mean environmental concentrations. Results. Prenatal exposure to tungstate is associated with a 37 + 1.2-fold (p = 0.012) decrease in DMBT1 transcriptome-expression in mice expressing DMBT1 at high levels. Additionally, prenatal exposure to tungstate/arsenite significantly altered a cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction pathway associated with lymphocyte activation and a network associated with hematological/immunological disease. Conclusion. Because DMBT1 protein products are known to aggregate viruses and possibly regulate immune response, additional research is warranted to determine the potential that prenatal exposure to tungstate or tungstate/ arsenite has to increase susceptibility to viruses and to induce leukemogenesis.","PeriodicalId":336428,"journal":{"name":"Land Contamination & Reclamation","volume":"49-50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125689459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary risk-based concentrations for tungsten in soil and drinking water.","authors":"J. Schell, M. Pardus","doi":"10.2462/09670513.934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2462/09670513.934","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":336428,"journal":{"name":"Land Contamination & Reclamation","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117283057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistence and bioaccumulation of tungsten and associated heavy metals under different climatic conditions.","authors":"B. Wilson, F. Pyatt","doi":"10.2462/09670513.935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2462/09670513.935","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":336428,"journal":{"name":"Land Contamination & Reclamation","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114983090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tungsten bioavailability and toxicity in sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.).","authors":"David R Johnson, L. Inouye, A. Bednar, J. Clarke, L. Winfield, R. E. Boyd, C. Ang, Jennifer D. Goss","doi":"10.2462/09670513.939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2462/09670513.939","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":336428,"journal":{"name":"Land Contamination & Reclamation","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134286210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special Issue: Tungsten in the geo-environment.","authors":"S. Larson, D. Dermatas","doi":"10.2462/09670513.936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2462/09670513.936","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":336428,"journal":{"name":"Land Contamination & Reclamation","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128967609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial patterns of tungsten and cobalt on leaf surfaces of trees in Fallon, Nevada.","authors":"P. Sheppard, C. Hallman, G. Ridenour, M. Witten","doi":"10.2462/09670513.920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2462/09670513.920","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial patterns of airborne tungsten and cobalt are described from leaf-surface chemistry of trees in Fallon, Nevada, where a cluster of childhood leukemia has been ongoing since 1997. In earlier research, airborne tungsten and cobalt have been shown to be elevated in total suspended particulates, surface dust, and lichens from Fallon. To update data on the spatial patterns of airborne tungsten and cobalt in Fallon, leaves were collected in October 2007 from trees growing throughout Fallon. Collected leaves were measured for metals accumulated onto their surfaces. On Fallon leaf surfaces, tungsten and cobalt show maxima of 17 ppm and 6 ppm, respectively, near the center of town, north of Highway 50 and west of Highway 95. These two peaks overlap spatially, and given the dense and widespread pattern of collection, the source area of these two airborne metals can be pinpointed to the vicinity of a hard-metal industry located north of Highway 50 and west of Highway 95. Fallon is distinctive in west central Nevada for its elevated airborne tungsten and cobalt particulates, and given its cluster of childhood leukemia cases, it stands to reason that additional biomedical research is in order to test directly the leukogenicity of combined airborne tungsten and cobalt particulates.","PeriodicalId":336428,"journal":{"name":"Land Contamination & Reclamation","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133125894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable remediation: including the external costs of remediation","authors":"P. Hardisty, E. Ozdemiroglu, S. Arch","doi":"10.2462/09670513.905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2462/09670513.905","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":336428,"journal":{"name":"Land Contamination & Reclamation","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129897192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover systems for landfills and brownfields","authors":"G. Heerten, R. Koerner","doi":"10.2462/09670513.904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2462/09670513.904","url":null,"abstract":"Some 25 to 30 years after Western nations, the emerging economies in Asia and South America, as well as the countries of the former Soviet Union now have to address the environmental problems of waste management, and to establish long-term safe landfills as a first step towards a waste management regime governed by recycling and waste-stream reduction. A cover system as part of the landfill design should permanently prevent the uncontrolled release of landfill gas (primarily methane gas (CH4)) and pollutants, as well as the infiltration of precipitation water into the body of the landfill. Active degassing of municipal landfills takes on particular significance in the light of current climateprotection objectives, and can also provide energy by utilizing the captured gases. This paper describes current problems with classic compacted clay liners (CCLs) and their still unquestioned use in landfill legislation and landfill construction around the world. This paper focuses on dehydration/desiccation and deformation cracking when CCLs are used in landfill-capping applications. As alternative solutions, it is shown that modern capping design using geosynthetics such as certified geomembranes and certified geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) are more than ‘equivalent’, and have proven to give better long-term, reliable solutions. The authors recommend the replacement of CCLs by certified geosynthetic components such as geomembranes and GCLs.","PeriodicalId":336428,"journal":{"name":"Land Contamination & Reclamation","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127493564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}