International Journal of School Health最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of Overt and Covert Motivational Self-Talk on Physiological Factor and Motor Performance During a Push-Up Exercise in Children","authors":"S. Nasiri, Ibrahim Anahid, H. Zandi","doi":"10.5812/INTJSH.80333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/INTJSH.80333","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33610,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of School Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46751210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenomenology of Substance Use Among School-Going Adolescents in Botswana","authors":"Will Schupmann, Katherine Riva, S. Mphele, Neo Moshashane, Mitchelle Matesva, E. Lowenthal","doi":"10.5812/INTJSH.82879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/INTJSH.82879","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Increased rates of alcohol and drugs abuse has been noted among secondary school students in Botswana. Objectives : We conducted nine student focus groups to elicit motivations for substance use as well as risk and mitigating factors. \u0000Methods: Participants were purposely sampled from among 2,227 secondary school students surveyed regarding drug/alcohol use in secondary schools. Students were selected for focus group participation based on their scores on the alcohol use and dependency inventory tool (AUDIT) and self-reported risk factors for alcohol/drug use. \u0000Results: Students reported that alcohol/drugs are readily available at school and at home. A prominent theme among substance users was inadequate support from parents, who they describe as uncomfortable and unwilling to talk about common issues faced during adolescence, including alcohol/drug use. \u0000Conclusions: We identified opportunities to improve the current situation such as renewing efforts to restrict alcohol availability and focusing on parent-child communication interventions.","PeriodicalId":33610,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of School Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49463717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Self-Compassion, Emotional Quotient and Maternal Styles with Well-Being in Shiraz School Students","authors":"A. Zareian, M. Imani","doi":"10.5812/INTJSH.82296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/INTJSH.82296","url":null,"abstract":"Background: According to research, ones well-being is an important factor for mental health and satisfaction in one’s personal life and people with more well-being are more satisfied with their lives. \u0000Objectives: The purpose of this study is to find a relationship between self-compassion, emotional quotient, and maternal styles with the well-being in Shiraz school students. \u0000Methods: Elementary school students and high school students in the academic year of 2018 were the research population. A total of 510 students who were chosen by multistage sampling method consisted this study sample so that based on the number of schools in Shiraz, 24 primary and high schools were chosen. Two classes from each school were selected and 9 to 11 students from each class participate in study. The tools used were maternal style questionnaire, self-compassion scale (SCS), emotional quotient scale (TMMS), and subjective well being inventory (SWB). Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression were applied for analyzing data. \u0000Results: According to the analysis, authoritative maternal style, self-compassion, and emotional quotient were important predictors of ones well-being and they can predict 81% of well-being in this study (P = 0.003). In addition, significant correlations were found between authoritative maternal style and self-compassion (correlation coefficient = 0.88, P = 0.007), authoritative maternal style and emotional quotient (correlation coefficient = 0.86, P = 0.008), and authoritative maternal style and subjective well-being (correlation coefficient = 0.94, P = 0.005). \u0000Conclusions: According to this study, maternal style, emotional quotient, and self-compassion play an important role in the society and individuals mental health and well-being, therefore, these factors should be attended, especially the authoritative maternal style, which has the most correlation with well-being.","PeriodicalId":33610,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of School Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43845007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scoliosis in School- Aged Children","authors":"E. Aktaş, Ismail Daldal, A. Senkoylu","doi":"10.5812/intjsh.68796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/intjsh.68796","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Scoliosis is a frequent pathology in school aged children that may become a concern for parents and can challenge for practitioners and family doctors. The aim of the study is to make a comprehensive overview concerning scoliosis in school-aged children as well as elucidate red flags and related referral criteria for general practitioners that have to deal with school-aged children in their daily practice. EvidenceAcquisition: This article does not aim to be a systematic review as we have not applied a strict methodology. We conducted a bibliography search limited to MEDLINE and expanded with a search of the publications cited in the selected articles. Results: The scoliosis research society (SRS) advise on annual examination of all children between the prepubertal period and 14 years of age. American academy of pediatrics (AAP), recommend a screening school children program between 10 to 16 years of age. These societies reported that school scans were necessary and useful for scoliosis, they emphasize on the benefits of receiving an early diagnosis and treatment of spinal deformities; thus, avoiding future surgical interventions. Conclusions: Early diagnosis of scoliosis and assessment of the risk of curve progression is critical in school aged children. There is still a need for a large cohort study to ensure reliable consequences of school scoliosis screening programs.","PeriodicalId":33610,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of School Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48362867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in Motor Competence by TV Consumption and Participation in Club Sports in Children Starting Elementary School","authors":"K. Greier, C. Drenowatz, G. Ruedl, C. Lackner, Klaudia Kroell, Veronika Feurstein-Zerlauth","doi":"10.5812/INTJSH.68454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/INTJSH.68454","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The development of motor competence during childhood has important implications for future health and wellbeing due to the association with physical activity. While associations between sports participation or TV time and motor competence have been examined previously, there remains limited research on the interaction of TV time and sports participation regarding motor competence. The present study; therefore, examines differences in motor competence by club sports participation and TV time in elementary-school children. Methods: 15 elementary schools in the federal state of Tyrol, Austria, were randomly selected for participation. Motor competence was assessed between October and December 2017 using the German Motor Test in 455 (49.5% boys) children starting elementary school. Body weight and height were measured with children in sports clothes and being barefoot following standardized procedures. In addition, parents reported participation and time spent in club sports (hours/week), as well as time spent watching TV (hours/day) via standardized questionnaires. Further, parents reported whether there was a TV in the child’s bedroom. Differences in motor competence by sports participation and TV time were analyzed via multivariate analysis of variance. Results: In total, 24% of the participants exceeded the current recommendations for TV time (> 2 hours/day) and 46% participated in club sports. There was no difference in TV time and club sports participation between boys and girls. Nevertheless, boys displayed better standardized scores for flexibility (2.8±0.8; P = 0.001), sprint (2.6±0.9; P = 0.005), and sideways jumping (1.3±0.6; P = 0.030) than girls. Significant interaction effects between TV time and club sports were observed for balance (P = 0.020), sit-ups (P = 0.039), endurance (P < 0.001), and overall motor competence (P = 0.035). In addition, club sports participation was associated with better performance on all motor competence tests (P-values ranging from 0.047 to < 0.001) while lower TV time was associated with better performance in sprint, sideways jumping, push-ups, 6-minute run, and total motor competence only (P-values ranging from 0.006 to < 0.001). Conclusions: Club sports participation appears to be an important contributor to the development of motor competence while high TV time may impair motor development, particularly in children not participating in club sports. Parents and educators; therefore, should facilitate participation in the organized physical activity even in pre-school children while limiting TV time.","PeriodicalId":33610,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of School Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48737121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing and Testing a Model of Some Precedents and Consequences of Oppositional Defiant Disorder in High School Students","authors":"Arezoo Paliziyan, M. M. Honarmand, N. Arshadi","doi":"10.5812/INTJSH.68836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/INTJSH.68836","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Previous research has demonstrated that oppositional defiant disorder is a strong predictor of mental illness that causes significant distress for adolescents, who manifest this disorder and pose remarkable costs for the society.Objectives: The aim of this study was to design and test a model of some antecedents (secure attachment and insecure attachment, early trauma, behavioral activation system, behavioral inhibition system, schema, emotion regulation, and callous-unemotional) and consequences (aggression, conduct disorder, educational performance, and vandalism) of oppositional defiant disorder.Methods: The sample consisted of 320 high school students of Dezfoul, who were selected by multistage random sampling. The instruments included the oppositional defiant behavioral inventory, revised adult scale (RAAS), Early Trauma Inventory, Carver and White Behavioral Activation System/Behavioral Inhibition system, Young’s Schema Questionnaire - Short Form, difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS), Callous-Unemotional trait inventory, Boss and Perry aggression questionnaire, child behavior checklist (CBCL), and questionnaire of vandalism. Structural equation modeling through AMOS 22 and SPSS 22 were used for data analysis.Results: Results showed that the model with some modification had good fit with the data and model indicators (χ 2/df = 3.24, GFI= 0.90, RMSEA= 0.07) improved. Six out of 20 direct paths were not significant, and were omitted from the model. Two out of nine indirect paths were omitted and the rest of the paths were confirmed.Conclusions: The results showed that the model fitted the data with some amendments.","PeriodicalId":33610,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of School Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47560925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Thermal Comfort on Stress in Female High School Students","authors":"N. Najafi, K. Movahed, Z. Barzegar, S. Samani","doi":"10.5812/intjsh.67539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/intjsh.67539","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Indoor environment, in which we are located, influences our psychological responses, like stress. Thermal comfort is one of the most important factors determining the quality of indoor environment, obtained by calculating predicted mean vote (PMV) and predicted percentage of dissatisfaction (PPD) in a steady-state approach. Several studies revealed that hot or cold temperature (°C) could increase stress. However, other climatic thermal comfort factors like relative humidity (%) and air velocity (m/s) have not been well researched in this regard. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of undesirable thermal comfort on stress by measuring salivary alpha-amylase levels (sAA) in female high school students. Methods: The present study was conducted in a semi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test and control group. The sample size was 390 female high school students, who were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling, during years 2016 and 2017, in Shiraz, Iran. Students were divided to intervention and control groups. In the intervention group, thermal comfort was interfered by changing temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity for two hours. Saliva was collected by Cocorometer’s strip and sAA was measured by a hand-held device, Cocorometer (Nipro Co, Osaka, Japan). The pre-test and post-test were compared with each other. Thermal comfort in classrooms was measured by a steady-state model, PMV/PPD index, and data was analyzed by Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Results: Interfering in temperatures and humidity at an average of 4.8°C and 36% for two hours in the intervention group caused thermal comfort to be in an unfavorable range (PMV > +0.5) and dissatisfaction was more than desirable (PPD > 10%). In the intervention group, when the intervention took place at the temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, and the synchronous effect of these three variables (TRHAV), the mean sAA was 43.57, 42.74, 44.23, and 45.93 (KU/L) in the pre-test and 55.91, 52.35, 44.89 and 61.99 (KU/L) in the post-test. Also, in the control group, the mean sAA was 44.73, 47.03, 43.38, and 44.36 (KU/L) in pre-test and 44.04, 47.19, 43.83, and 43.77 (KU/L) in the post-test. The sAA was significantly increased in the intervention group when thermal comfort and its climatic variables, including temperature (P < 0.001) and relative humidity (P < 0.001), was undesirable. No Significant increase was observed in air velocity (P = 0.659). In the control group, the mean sAA did not change significantly in pre-test and post-test. Conclusions: Undesirable thermal comfort increased stress in female high school students. Stress was affected by temperature, relative humidity and the synchronous effect of temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity yet not air velocity, individually.","PeriodicalId":33610,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of School Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48933625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Partial Least Squares Path Model of Principals’ Performance in School Health Services Based on Spiritual Intelligence in Tabriz Female High Schools","authors":"Samereh Moghaddam Hosseini, B. Talebi","doi":"10.5812/INTJSH.77217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/INTJSH.77217","url":null,"abstract":"Background: School principals have a crucial role on effectiveness of schools and their performance, especially in school health services programs. The purpose of this study was to predict principals’ performance in school health services based on Spiritual intelligence (SI) in high schools of Tabriz (Iran). \u0000Methods: The population of this correlational research consisted of all high school principals of Tabriz (520) at the first to fifth educational districts in 2016. According to Krejcie and Morgan’s table, and first, stratified random sampling method was used by equally considering the districts of education, and in the second step, random sampling method was used in terms of schools; 225 principals, including 45 principals of each district were selected. Data collection was done by the Spiritual intelligence self-report inventory (SISRI-24, 2009) (α = 0.71) and a researcher-made questionnaire (α = 0.88). \u0000Results: The results of correlation test showed that there was a correlation amongst critical existential thinking (r = 0.59, P < 0.001), personal meaning production (r = 0.16, P = 0.013), transcendental awareness (r = 0.26, P < 0.001), conscious state expansion (r = 0.45, P < 0.001) and spiritual intelligence (r = 0.39, P < 0.001) with school principals’ performance in school health services. The results of partial least squares regression showed that critical existential thinking (0.62, P < 0.001), transcendental awareness (0.4, P < 0.001), conscious state expansion (0.45, P < 0.001), and spiritual intelligence (0.51, P = 0.003) influenced school principals’ performance in school health services. Personal meaning production did not influence school principals’ performance in school health services (P = 0.11). \u0000Conclusions: Strengthening the spiritual intelligence of school principals could lead to improvement of managerial performance and continuous improvement of education.","PeriodicalId":33610,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of School Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48151981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Attentional Strategies (Augmented feedback, Instructional Self-talk, and Instruction) on Motor Learning in Ten-Year-Old Children","authors":"S. Nasiri, M. Shahbazi","doi":"10.5812/INTJSH.69377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/INTJSH.69377","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The external focus of attention is one of the most important and effective variables of performance and motor learning. Objectives : The current study aimed at comparing the effects of external focus of attention with instructions, instructional self-talk, and augmented feedback strategies on motor learning in 10-year-old male students. \u0000Methods: Sixty students (with the mean age of 10.10 ± 0.20 years) participated in the current study voluntarily as the study samples and were randomly divided into four groups of 15 students (three experimental groups and one control group). Participants practiced overarm throwing using their non-dominant arm. In the training phase, the subjects were trained for 300 throws in five sessions (60 attempts per session) and then, they performed a retention test. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the difference between the groups. In order to investigate the intervening effects in the four groups within the pre-test, post-test, retention stages, repeated measures ANOVA and in order to determine the differences between the groups, Bonferroni post-hoc test was applied. \u0000Results: The results showed that all groups except the control group progressed in post-test and retention tests. On both tests (post-test and retention), the augmented feedback group showed the greatest throwing accuracy (P < 0.001). Also, the accuracy scores of the instructional self-talk and instruction groups were better than those of the control group (P < 0.001). \u0000Conclusions: The findings of the current study showed that the external focus of attention with the augmented feedback method was the best strategy to take advantage of the external focus of attention on motor learning in 10-year-old male students.","PeriodicalId":33610,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of School Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43430675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weight of School Bags and its Relationship with Musculoskeletal Disorders in Elementary School Students of Kerman, Iran in 2014","authors":"Akram Sadat Jafari Roodbandi, Leila Hajizadeh, S. Daneshvar, M. Asghari, V. Feyzi, M. Jalali","doi":"10.5812/INTJSH.14890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/INTJSH.14890","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Heavy school bags increase students’ musculoskeletal disorders. According to instructions, weight of school bags should not exceed 10% of students’ body weight. This study aimed at investigating the ratio of school bags weight to students’ body weight and evaluating the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. \u0000Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 723 students were selected from six elementary schools in Kerman. Such information as the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and demographic characteristics were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. \u0000Results: The highest prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was related to shoulders, neck, and waist. Indeed, weight of 50.1% of students’ bags was over 10% of their body weight. The results showed a significant relationship between the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and school bags’ weight to students’ weight ratio (P = 0.03). Additionally, such disorders were significantly more frequent among students of higher grades. \u0000Conclusions: This study revealed a significant relationship between school bags’ weight and musculoskeletal disorders.","PeriodicalId":33610,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of School Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45994211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}