{"title":"An assessment of current regulation and suggestions for a citizen-centred approach to the governing of UK hydraulic fracturing","authors":"Miriam R. Aczel, Karen E. Makuch","doi":"10.4324/9781351213943-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351213943-12","url":null,"abstract":"For reasons of economics and security of supply, the UK government began promotion of the development of unconventional natural gas resources, in hopes of emulating the USA’s “shale gas revolution” ( US EIA, 2014 ; UK DECC, 2015 ). The UK is in the preliminary stages of licenced drilling, exploration and testing for development of its shale gas resources ( Standing, 2016 ; Bradshaw, 2017 ). The British Geological Survey estimated the volume of shale gas in 11 counties in Northern England at 40 trillion cubic metres ( BGS, DECC, 2013 ). After legal challenges by communities where resource development was proposed (Preston New Road Action Group (acting through Susan Holliday) and PNR v The Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government and Others), the UK began exploratory drilling at the Preston New Road (PNR) site in 2017 ( Bickle et al., 2012 ). This is signifi cant as development of this technology – new in the UK – is coming on the heels of the recent populist vote to leave the European Union (EU). Currently, the UK’s environmental laws are based on EU Directives. Additionally, the European Commission provides a non-binding Recommendation on minimum principles for the exploration and production of hydrocarbons, including shale gas, using high-volume hydraulic fracturing (European Union, European Commission recommendation, 2014). This Recommendation offers best-practice guidance, and indicates the future regulatory direction of the Commission. Preambular paragraph 1 states that: “(1) Member States have the right to determine the conditions for exploiting their energy resources, as long as they respect the need to preserve, protect and improve the quality of the environment,” with paragraph 2 acknowledging that the “[. . .] hydraulic fracturing technique raises specifi c challenges, in particular for health and environment.” These paragraphs point to the need for the UK to consider health and environmental effects, but leave a degree of discretion as to how and to what extent hydraulic fracturing should be regulated. The UK government is resisting the development of specifi c legislation largely on two grounds: fi rst, they are confi dent that the current regulatory regime is “more than robust enough” and second, they hope to promote technological development and industrial growth (Stokes, 2016). 11 An assessment of current regulation and suggestions for a citizen-centred approach to the governing of UK hydraulic fracturing","PeriodicalId":336013,"journal":{"name":"Energy, Resource Extraction and Society","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134348174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contested wind energy","authors":"P. Otte, K. Rønningen, E. Moe","doi":"10.4324/9781351213943-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351213943-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":336013,"journal":{"name":"Energy, Resource Extraction and Society","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124138410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Creating and debating energy citizenship","authors":"R. Cantoni, A. Lis, Agata Stasik","doi":"10.4324/9781351213943-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351213943-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":336013,"journal":{"name":"Energy, Resource Extraction and Society","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125375187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Petroleum in the Barents Region","authors":"R. F. Dale","doi":"10.4324/9781351213943-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351213943-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":336013,"journal":{"name":"Energy, Resource Extraction and Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116606235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrative currents? Electrifying the Turkey-EU relations in times of blackout","authors":"Bilge Firat","doi":"10.4324/9781351213943-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351213943-11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":336013,"journal":{"name":"Energy, Resource Extraction and Society","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125906809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Class, CO2 and urban climate change mitigation","authors":"F. Ringel","doi":"10.4324/9781351213943-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351213943-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":336013,"journal":{"name":"Energy, Resource Extraction and Society","volume":"333 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115978047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Energy practices and the construction of energy democracy in the Noordoostpolder (the Netherlands)","authors":"E. Rasch, M. Köhne","doi":"10.4324/9781351213943-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351213943-5","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter analyses how energy democracy is constructed through past and present energy practices. We do so by way of a case study of a Dutch municipality, the Noordoostpolder, where residents successfully resisted a nuclear power plant and the extraction of shale gas and today work towards a local transition to renewable energy. We argue that energy practices can be transformative and that they mediate and produce new norms and practices of energy production that come together in the construction of energy democracy from below. We argue that contemporary renewable energy practices are rooted in local energy histories, rather than in ideological considerations about sustainability. It is through these energy practices that “sustainable” and “local ownership” are rendered key elements of energy democracy and imaginations of new energy futures. Economic viability, options for creating universal access, alignment with sustainable lifestyles, technological innovations and possibilities for maintaining a comfortable lifestyle are all important considerations in the construction of energy democracy in the Noordoostpolder, discursively and in practice.","PeriodicalId":336013,"journal":{"name":"Energy, Resource Extraction and Society","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125574616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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