{"title":"A one-way proof-of-work protocol to protect controllers in software-defined networks","authors":"Jingrui Li, T. Wolf","doi":"10.1145/2881025.2889481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2881025.2889481","url":null,"abstract":"Connection setup in software-defined networks (SDN) requires considerable amounts of processing, communication, and memory resources. Attackers can target SDN controllers with simple attacks to cause denial of service. We proposed a defense mechanism based on a proof-of-work protocol. The key characteristics of this protocol, namely its one-way operation, its requirement for freshness in proofs of work, its adjustable difficulty, its ability to work with multiple network providers, and its use of existing TCP/IP header fields, ensure that this approach can be used in practice.","PeriodicalId":335686,"journal":{"name":"2016 ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems (ANCS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129594640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Rizzo, Stefano Garzarella, G. Lettieri, Vincenzo Maffione
{"title":"A study of speed mismatches between communicating Virtual Machines","authors":"L. Rizzo, Stefano Garzarella, G. Lettieri, Vincenzo Maffione","doi":"10.1145/2881025.2881037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2881025.2881037","url":null,"abstract":"This work addresses an apparently simple but elusive problem that arises when doing high speed networking on Virtual Machines. When a VM and its peer (usually the hypervisor) process packets at different rates, the work required for synchronization (interrupts and “kicks”) may reduce throughput well below the slowest of the two parties.","PeriodicalId":335686,"journal":{"name":"2016 ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems (ANCS)","volume":"24 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128642063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluating Information-Centric Networks in Disconnected, Intermittent, and Low-bandwidth environments","authors":"Thiago Teixeira, M. Zink","doi":"10.1145/2881025.2889483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2881025.2889483","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies information dissemination in wireless ad hoc networks, using standard routing protocols, such as OLSR, as well as Information-Centric Networking. We performed simulations using NS-3 and ndnSIM with different node counts and transport protocols. Our simulations show that TCP performs better in lower hop count scenarios, while NDN performs better in higher hop count scenarios.","PeriodicalId":335686,"journal":{"name":"2016 ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems (ANCS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115794288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Forwarding strategies for applications in Named Data Networking","authors":"Hila Ben Abraham, P. Crowley","doi":"10.1145/2881025.2889475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2881025.2889475","url":null,"abstract":"Named Data Networking (NDN), an information-centric Internet architecture, introduces a new forwarding model, in which the forwarding plane can choose between multiple interfaces when forwarding a packet. While the forwarding module brings new opportunities it also introduces challenges when the application's performance or correctness is affected by a conflict between the application design and the assigned forwarding strategy. In this paper we demonstrate the impact of the forwarding strategy decision on the performance and correctness of NDN applications.","PeriodicalId":335686,"journal":{"name":"2016 ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems (ANCS)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128702080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"O3FA: A scalable finite automata-based pattern-matching engine for out-of-order deep packet inspection","authors":"Xiaodong Yu, Wu-chun Feng, D. Yao, M. Becchi","doi":"10.1145/2881025.2881034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2881025.2881034","url":null,"abstract":"To match the signatures of malicious traffic across packet boundaries, network-intrusion detection (and prevention) systems (NIDS) typically perform pattern matching after flow reassembly or packet reordering. However, this may lead to the need for large packet buffers, making detection vulnerable to denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, whereby attackers exhaust the buffer capacity by sending long sequences of out-of-order packets. While researchers have proposed solutions for exact-match patterns, regular-expression matching on out-of-order packets is still an open problem. Specifically, a key challenge is the matching of complex sub-patterns (such as repetitions of wildcards matched at the boundary between packets). Our proposed approach leverages the insight that various segments matching the same repetitive sub-pattern are logically equivalent to the regular-expression matching engine, and thus, interchanging them would not affect the final result. In this paper, we present O3FA, a new finite automata-based, deep packet-inspection engine to perform regular-expression matching on out-of-order packets without requiring flow reassembly. O3FA consists of a deterministic finite automaton (FA) coupled with a set of prefix-/suffix-FA, which allows processing out-of-order packets on the fly. We present our design, optimization, and evaluation for the O3FA engine. Our experiments show that our design requires 20×–4000× less buffer space than conventional buffering-and-reassembling schemes on various datasets and that it can process packets in real-time, i.e., without reassembly.","PeriodicalId":335686,"journal":{"name":"2016 ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems (ANCS)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130990792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sven Hager, P. John, Andreas Fiessler, B. Scheuermann
{"title":"Minflate: Combining rule set minimization with jump-based expansion for fast packet classification","authors":"Sven Hager, P. John, Andreas Fiessler, B. Scheuermann","doi":"10.1145/2881025.2889485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2881025.2889485","url":null,"abstract":"Network packet classification is a key functionality for packet filters and firewalls, and its performance is crucial for such systems to maintain a high packet throughput under heavy load situations. However, many existing packet filters employ slow classification algorithms which cannot provide the required lookup performance due to slow rule set traversal. In this work, we address this problem by providing a novel rule set transformation strategy called Minflate which combines the advantages of existing orthogonal transformation schemes by first minimizing a source rule set and then encoding decision trees into the minimized rule set. Our results show that the Minflate-generated rule sets are both small and can in many cases be traversed faster than rule sets transformed by existing techniques in isolation.","PeriodicalId":335686,"journal":{"name":"2016 ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems (ANCS)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126232522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On data plane latency and pseudo-TCP congestion in Software-Defined Networking","authors":"Dongzhe Tai, Huichen Dai, Ting Zhang, Bin Liu","doi":"10.1145/2881025.2889482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2881025.2889482","url":null,"abstract":"This paper dissects the source of forwarding latency on the data plane in proactive SDN, and reveals that TCAM insertions with increasing priority can lead to incredibly large forwarding delay. As far as we know, this is the first work that identifies the pseudo-TCP congestion problem caused by long data plane latency. Preliminary experimental results on forwarding delay and TCP performance are presented.","PeriodicalId":335686,"journal":{"name":"2016 ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems (ANCS)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127645727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Many-field packet classification for software-defined networking switches","authors":"Cheng-Liang Hsieh, N. Weng","doi":"10.1145/2881025.2881036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2881025.2881036","url":null,"abstract":"Packet classification is a core problem for OpenFlow-based software-defined networking switches, which required 38 packet header fields per flow to be examined against thousands of rules in a ruleset. With the trend of continue growing number of fields in a rule and the number of rules in rule set, it will be a great challenge to design a high performance packet classification solution with the capability to easy update new rule and fields. In this paper, we present a scalable many-field packet classification algorithm with varying rulesets and its prototype implementation on a graphics processing unit. The proposed algorithm constructs multiple lookup tables and merges partial lookup results for a small ruleset to accelerate the overall packet classification process by using effective bit positions in a ruleset with three selecting metrics: wildcard ratio, independence index, and diversity index. Those lookup tables made with effective bit positions are flat with a low rule replication ratio. Besides, they are adjustable to meet different implementation environments for a good performance scalability between different ruleset sizes. Our prototype on a single NVIDIA K20C GPU achieves 198 MPPS, 186 MPPS, 163 MPPS throughput for 1K, 32K, and 100K 15-field ruleset.","PeriodicalId":335686,"journal":{"name":"2016 ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems (ANCS)","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133964399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexsandre B. Lacroix, J.M. Pierre Langlois, François-Raymond Boyer, Antoine Gosselin, G. Bois
{"title":"Node configuration for the Aho-Corasick algorithm in intrusion detection systems","authors":"Alexsandre B. Lacroix, J.M. Pierre Langlois, François-Raymond Boyer, Antoine Gosselin, G. Bois","doi":"10.1145/2881025.2889473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2881025.2889473","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we analyze the performance and cost trade-off from selecting two representations of nodes when implementing the Aho-Corasick algorithm. This algorithm can be used for pattern matching in network-based intrusion detection systems such as Snort. Our analysis uses the Snort 2.9.7 rules set, which contains almost 26k patterns. Our methodology consists of code profiling and analysis, followed by the selection of a parameter to maximize a metric that combines clock cycles count and memory usage. The parameter determines which of two types of nodes is selected for each trie node. We show that it is possible to select the parameter to optimize the metric, which results in an improvement by up to 12× compared with the single node-type case.","PeriodicalId":335686,"journal":{"name":"2016 ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems (ANCS)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126724850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Abdi, Umair Aftab, Gordon Bailey, Bochra Boughzala, Faras Dewal, Shafigh Parsazad, Eric Tremblay
{"title":"PFPSim: A programmable forwarding plane simulator","authors":"S. Abdi, Umair Aftab, Gordon Bailey, Bochra Boughzala, Faras Dewal, Shafigh Parsazad, Eric Tremblay","doi":"10.1145/2881025.2881029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2881025.2881029","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we introduce PFPSim, a host-compiled simulator for early validation and analysis of packet processing applications on programmable forwarding plane architectures. The simulation model is automatically generated from a high-level description of the hardware/software architecture of the forwarding device and the behavioral description of the various modules in the architecture. Our high-level architectural description language is capable of defining many-core network processors as well as reconfigurable pipelines. The behavior of the fixed-function processing elements in the architecture is defined in C++. The code targeted for the processor cores, or reconfigurable pipeline stages, is compiled from P4, an emerging programming language for packet processing applications. Application developers can use PFPSim as a virtual prototype to simulate and debug their applications before hardware availability. Moreover, forwarding device architects can use PFPSim to evaluate the trade-offs between different hardware/software design decisions.","PeriodicalId":335686,"journal":{"name":"2016 ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems (ANCS)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115097021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}