Spe Projects Facilities & Construction最新文献

{"title":"Why We Don't Learn All We Should From HAZOPs","authors":"H. Duhon, I. Sutton","doi":"10.2118/120735-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/120735-PA","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":335535,"journal":{"name":"Spe Projects Facilities & Construction","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129192406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bringing the First BP-Operated Subsea-to-Shore Gas Field Into Production: Flow-Assurance Lessons Learned","authors":"A. F. Harun, Norris C. Watt","doi":"10.2118/123534-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/123534-PA","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":335535,"journal":{"name":"Spe Projects Facilities & Construction","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133272935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Importance of Wax-Deposition Measurements in the Simulation and Design of Subsea Pipelines","authors":"K. Akbarzadeh, J. Ratulowski, D. Eskin, T. L. Davies","doi":"10.2118/115131-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/115131-PA","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":335535,"journal":{"name":"Spe Projects Facilities & Construction","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134236377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Wet Cold-Flow Technology for Tackling Offshore Flow-Assurance Problems","authors":"R. Azarinezhad, A. Chapoy, Ross Anderson, B. Tohidi","doi":"10.2118/132349-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/132349-PA","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":335535,"journal":{"name":"Spe Projects Facilities & Construction","volume":"180 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129521053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of a High-Pressure Research Flow Loop for the Experimental Investigation of Liquid Loading in Gas Wells","authors":"Juan José Fernández, G. Falcone, C. Teodoriu","doi":"10.2118/122786-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/122786-PA","url":null,"abstract":"Existing models to predict and analyze liquid loading in gas wells are based on steady-state flow. Even when transient-multiphase-wellbore models are employed, steady-state or pseudosteady-state inflow-performance relationships are used to characterize the reservoir. A more-reliable approach consists of modeling the dynamics in the near-wellbore region with its transient boundary conditions for the wellbore. The development of new models to mimic the dynamic interaction between reservoir and wellbore requires a purpose-built flow loop. We have developed a design to construct such a facility. \u0000 \u0000This new facility will be the first to integrate pipe representing the wellbore with a porous medium that will fully mimic the formation surrounding the wellbore. This design will account not only for flow into the wellbore, but also for any reverse flow from the pipe into the medium. \u0000 \u0000We used integrated wellbore/reservoir system analysis to screen the parameters required to recreate liquid loading under laboratory conditions. Our results suggested using a compressed-air system with a discharge pressure between 470 and 650 psi with gas rates of 400 to 650 scf/min along with water injected at a rate of 100 gal/min. Once the range in operating conditions was defined, the equipment and mechanical components for the facility were selected and designed. \u0000 \u0000Our results showed that three reciprocating compressors working in parallel provide the smallest, most economic, and most flexible configuration for the TowerLab facility at Texas A and M University (TAMU). The design of the pressure vessel hosting the porous medium will require a cylindrical body with top- and bottom-welded flathead covers with multiple openings to minimize weight. The required superficial velocities for air and water indicate the system will need independent injection into the porous medium through two manifolds. Optimally, the system will use digital pressure gauges, coriolis or vortex technology to measure air flow, and turbine meters for water flow. \u0000 \u0000A joint-industry project (JIP) on liquid loading in gas wells was initiated in January 2009, which includes the implementation of the proposed design for the TowerLab facility to generate experimental data that will significantly improve our ability to mimic the physics of multiphase flow, and so develop and validate flow models for the characterization of liquid loading in gas wells. It is anticipated that a preliminary version of the new loop, including an inlet multiphase-flow pump, has been assembled and will be operational early in Fall 2010, with plans for the full design to be implemented in 2010-11.","PeriodicalId":335535,"journal":{"name":"Spe Projects Facilities & Construction","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131557432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Two-Phase Flow Correlations and Mechanistic Models for Small-Diameter Pipelines at Slightly Inclined Downward Flow","authors":"Hong Yuan, De-sheng Zhou","doi":"10.2118/117395-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/117395-PA","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":335535,"journal":{"name":"Spe Projects Facilities & Construction","volume":"294 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123115274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plunger-Lift Modeling Toward Efficient Liquid Unloading in Gas Wells","authors":"Gopi Krishna Chava, G. Falcone, C. Teodoriu","doi":"10.2118/124515-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/124515-PA","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a follow-up to Chava et al. (2008), which introduced a preliminary plunger-lift model built around the availability of smart-plunger (PCS 2005) data. The latter devices are equipped with internal gauges to record pressure and temperature with time, which can be downloaded whenever the plunger is at surface. \u0000 \u0000We present an updated model that accounts for pressure drop caused only by gravitation but satisfactorily reproduces the dynamics of a field installation in east Texas. \u0000 \u0000We also present a comparison of the predictions from the new model with the corresponding results from some earlier plunger-lift models available in the public domain.","PeriodicalId":335535,"journal":{"name":"Spe Projects Facilities & Construction","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125891804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlating Optimum Stage Pressure for Sequential Separator Systems","authors":"M. Al-Jawad, Omar Al-Fatlawi","doi":"10.2118/118225-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/118225-PA","url":null,"abstract":"Summary A study to find the optimum separators pressures of separation stations has been performed. Stage separation of oil and gas is accomplished with a series of separators operating at sequentially reduced pressures. Liquid is discharged from a higher-pressure separator into the lower-pressure separator. The set of working separator pressures that yields maximum recovery of liquid hydrocarbon from the well fluid is the optimum set of pressures, which is the target of this work. A computer model is used to find the optimum separator pressures. The model employs the Peng-Robinson equation of state (Peng and Robinson 1976) for volatile oil. The application of this model shows significant improvement of all objective functions for many oils (Hassan 2004). Mathematical correlations for estimating optimum set of pressures have been deduced from the model to provide simple and quick tools to find the optimum stages pressures. Many tests have been achieved with many volatile samples at different conditions to prove the validity of these correlations.","PeriodicalId":335535,"journal":{"name":"Spe Projects Facilities & Construction","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116284779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Correlations for Critical and Subcritical Two-Phase Flow Through Surface Chokes in High-Rate Oil Wells","authors":"H. Al-Attar","doi":"10.2118/120788-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/120788-PA","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The critical and subcritical multiphase flow through wellhead restrictions of a prolific oil field in the Middle East is investigated, and two sets of new correlations are presented. The first set of correlations is developed by using 40 field tests representing critical flow conditions. The second set of correlations is based on 139 field tests representing subcritical flow conditions of gas/liquid mixtures through wellhead chokes. For the critical multiphase flow condition, the predicted oil flow rates by the new set of correlations are in excellent agreement with the measured ones. The absolute average percent difference (AAPD) is between 1.88 and 4.37, and the corresponding standard of deviation (SD) is between 2.52 and 6.52. These results are found to be statistically superior to those predicted by other published correlations considered in this work. During the subcritical gas/ liquid flow conditions through surface chokes, the accuracy of oil flow rates predicted by the new set of correlations seems to be sensitive to the type and size of the choke being used. For Cameron LD type and 144/64-in. choke, the oil flow rates predicted by the proposed correlation are superior to those predicted by other methods available in the literature, with AAPD of 8.5. However, for smaller choke sizes of 96/64 and 64/64 in., the oil flow rates predicted by the new correlations and other methods are found to be close to each other. For Cameron F type and 144/64-in. choke size, the oil flow rates predicted by the new correlation are closely matched by those predicted by other published methods, with AAPD of 13.7. For smaller choke sizes of 80/64 and 64/64 in., few field tests are available, and the predications of all methods, including the proposed ones, show similar statistical results. The above findings for Cameron F choke also seem to apply to beaned wellhead assemblies for this particular oil field.","PeriodicalId":335535,"journal":{"name":"Spe Projects Facilities & Construction","volume":"236 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133565249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development, Testing, and Field Application of a Heavy-Oil Pipeline-Cleaning Chemical: A Cradle-to-Grave Case History","authors":"J. Wylde, Jubal Slayer","doi":"10.2118/119688-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/119688-PA","url":null,"abstract":"This paper details the complete evolution of a new cleaning chemical for heavy oil and gas pipelines. Information is offered regarding the reason for development, the research involved in formulation of the new product, as well as the laboratory testing. This paper concludes by giving several case histories of application in cleaning operations in Western United States and Texas. Oil naturally contains paraffins, asphaltenes and naphthenates. During transport these hydrocarbon components can precipitate and adhere to the pipeline walls and can become associated with iron sulfide scale. Corrosion can often occur on pipeline walls under these organic deposits. Pigging operations are normally performed to remove organic and inorganic debris from the walls of a pipeline. However, these scales can become very compacted and adhere to the walls of the pipeline. It is often necessary to add surfactant based chemicals to assist in the break-up, softening, and transportation of these deposits. A detailed literature review of the current theory in the chemistry of pipeline cleaning chemicals is presented together with a critical account of the key properties required of these chemistries: wettability alternation, solubilization efficacy of organic materials, emulsification of phases, dispersion, detergency, and defoaming. An explanation of the laboratory development and evaluation has been given as a preamble for the case histories. One case history details how a pipeline operator unsuccessfully tried to clean a 12” 9-mile section of pipeline with a pig. The pig was launched and became stuck along the length of the pipeline. Application of the newly developed product was able to free the stuck pig and removed significant debris. By way of conclusion the paper offers suggestions on how chemicals can be most efficiently used in conjunction with these programs.","PeriodicalId":335535,"journal":{"name":"Spe Projects Facilities & Construction","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128215807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}