{"title":"Stages of Globalization and Their Reflections on Higher Education","authors":"O. Aydın","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-4459-4.ch017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4459-4.ch017","url":null,"abstract":"Globalization refers to the case wherein individuals' demand the fulfillment of their needs and desires from the world that they cannot fulfill within national borders and the dynamism these demands create within themselves. Moreover, this dynamic structure, which exists to satisfy needs and desires, has massively impacted the financial, political, and social lives of societies. Shaped around globalization, a global market was established in the world. Further, the communication emerging due to the establishment of a global market necessitated the development of a common perspective among distinct cultures and revealed a need for people who could perceive this aspect. Thus, an inevitable bond was formed between globalization and education; this relationship is evidently observed in higher education institutions, as they are one of the essential components of an information society. This study therefore deals with different periods wherein the effects of globalization were noticed and the interaction between these periods and the field of higher education.","PeriodicalId":334966,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Institutional, Economic, and Social Impacts of Globalization and Liberalization","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131587529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Local Governments on the Way at the Provision of Gender Equality","authors":"Zuhal Önez Çetin","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-4459-4.ch027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4459-4.ch027","url":null,"abstract":"The provision of gender equality has been a critical agenda for public administrations and organizations. In Turkey, both local governments and central government has been dealing with initiatives towards the provision of equality of man and woman. At that context, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Interior, Foreign Affairs and European Union Department 2010 Circular on “Human Rights of Women and Girls” is an important Circular in terms of local governments and the issue of gender in Turkey. At the study, the local governments' relation with the issue of gender equality has searched. At that framework, firstly, the concepts of gender and gender equality have explained. Secondly, the national documents in related to women in Turkey, and Local Equality Action Plans of six provinces in the context of the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Interior and United Nations Protecting the Human Rights of Women and Girls and Development Joint Program have been explained to search the local governments' relation with the issue of gender, and lastly some practices of local governments have explained on the issue of gender equality.","PeriodicalId":334966,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Institutional, Economic, and Social Impacts of Globalization and Liberalization","volume":"vmr-2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127924963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Does Globalization Relate to Corruption?","authors":"J. Caetano, A. Caleiro","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-4459-4.ch002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4459-4.ch002","url":null,"abstract":"The interactions between globalization and corruption do not seem to be consensual because, in addition to the complexity inherent in measuring these variables, there are a number of different channels that can generate contradictory effects. As such, the analysis this chapter proposes to develop will take into account the results of studies that point to the non-linearity of the relationship between corruption and globalization. In doing so, the chapter inserts in the analysis new dimensions on the measurement of globalization and, also, the levels of economic development of the wide sample of countries considered in this study. This methodology makes it possible to verify that the relationship between globalization and corruption depends on the country's level of development.","PeriodicalId":334966,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Institutional, Economic, and Social Impacts of Globalization and Liberalization","volume":"12 23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126449001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Globalization and Economy","authors":"Michael Torres-Franco","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-4459-4.ch004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4459-4.ch004","url":null,"abstract":"Society in general has had a constant concern throughout its history and especially in recent years, where inequality has increased, and many more people live in poverty or in worse situations. Different economists have studied this situation and proposed solutions to it; governments have embarked on a constant fight to improve the economic and development conditions of the population, since this affects other indicators; but it looks like this battle is being lost globally. This chapter sought to analyze the dynamics of development in a series of countries through the analysis of different macroeconomic indicators, which were related to the financial crises of the last 15 years to determine the effect of the globalization of financial markets on nations in developing. The results of this analysis showed that although there is greater financial globalization, the crises have negatively affected the growth and economic development process of developing nations and have increased the social and economic gaps between countries.","PeriodicalId":334966,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Institutional, Economic, and Social Impacts of Globalization and Liberalization","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121283761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Economic Impact of Globalization and Internationalization on Minority Immigrant Graduates","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-4459-4.CH012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4459-4.CH012","url":null,"abstract":"Globalization facilitates organizational expansion overseas and global workforce challenges. The key may be to understand which labor force characteristics increase economic efficiency. In turn, higher education institutions may need to incorporate industry's need for international interaction into strategic visions. Evidence-based research was conducted using Queens College, the City University of New York, as a case study to understand how internationalization of higher education enhanced economic success of minority immigrant graduates in the United States who were employed across industries. Primary sources included a survey of 524 alumni and group discussions with diverse undergraduates. The results discovered that the employment status and wage, of minority immigrant graduates, were positively impacted when they were exposed to globalized curriculums. This indicates that specific pre-labor market attributes increase economic success of this community and produce international scholars who transfer experiences into career skills that positively impact multinational businesses.","PeriodicalId":334966,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Institutional, Economic, and Social Impacts of Globalization and Liberalization","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126593542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Pacific Alliance","authors":"Juan M. Gil-Barragan, Andrés Aguilera-Castillo","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-4459-4.ch020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4459-4.ch020","url":null,"abstract":"The Pacific Alliance is a regional trade agreement (RTA) between Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. It is generally expected that the implementation of this RTA will provides benefits to all micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the forms of greater internationalization opportunities. However, there are concerns over the extent to which MSMEs have benefited from this commercial agreement. Thus, this chapter analyzes the internationalization process of 23 MSMEs from Colombia that exported to member countries of the Pacific Alliance. The authors, using case study methodology analyzed the internationalization process of these firms and aimed to identify their unique behavior. Results shows that the process began by the creation of networks, the identification of opportunities abroad, and the definition of the internationalization path for each firm. In general, the firms used the institutional resources available in the Pacific Alliance framework to achieve their internationalization strategies.","PeriodicalId":334966,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Institutional, Economic, and Social Impacts of Globalization and Liberalization","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132958634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Foreign Direct Investments","authors":"Darko Marjanović, Ivana S. Domazet","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-4459-4.ch006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4459-4.ch006","url":null,"abstract":"Foreign direct investment is considered an effective way to enhance a country's comparative advantages. They are also a significant source of economic development, modernization, growth of production, exports, employment and income, and the main actors are multinational companies. Globalization of the market has increased the tendency for many companies to procure goods and services from different locations. The main goal of the paper is to present the structure and forms of FDI at the global level, as well as theories of FDI through the interconnectedness of multinational companies, their investments, and the economy of a country as an end user. The results of the research clearly indicate that it is in the interest of every country to attract as many FDI as possible, given that they are one of the success factors of the national economy in the global market. Therefore, the primary task of economic policy makers is to monitor world trends, harmonize domestic regulations and create an investment climate that will benefit foreign investors.","PeriodicalId":334966,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Institutional, Economic, and Social Impacts of Globalization and Liberalization","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115021799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}