Paix et Securite Internationales最新文献

{"title":"The Externalization of Europe’s Data Protection Law in Morocco: an Imperative Means for the Management of Migration Flows","authors":"Francesca Tassinari","doi":"10.25267/PAIX_SECUR_INT.2021.I9.1504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25267/PAIX_SECUR_INT.2021.I9.1504","url":null,"abstract":"espanolLA EXTERNALIZACION DE LA NORMATIVA EUROPEA DE PROTECCION DE DATOS EN MARRUECOS: UNA MEDIDA INDISPENSABLE PARA LA GESTION DE LOS FLUJOS MIGRATORIOSRESUMEN: La ley de proteccion de datos de la UE solo permite la transferencia de datos personales a terceros paises y organizaciones internacionales cuando se cumplen las normas de proteccion europeas. Esta condicion exige la externalizacion del marco juridico de la UE para garantizar el flujo de informacion en todos los sectores. Marruecos se ha acercado a los principios de proteccion de datos de la UE para fines comerciales, pero no ha alcanzado un nivel de proteccion equivalente al exigido por el articulo 44 del Reglamento General de Proteccion de Datos (RGPD). En consecuencia, el intercambio de datos personales de la UE a Marruecos se basa en medios menos garantistas en lo que respecta a los derechos fundamentales de las personas. Concretamente, la actividad operativa llevada a cabo por la Guardia Europea de Fronteras y Costas para devolver a los migrantes irregulares se basa en la clausula derogatoria de «importantes razones de interes publico». Este capitulo sostiene que la aproximacion del derecho marroqui al continental es un medio indispensable para gestionar de forma justa los flujos migratorios. Para ello, la UE no solo promueve altos estandares de proteccion de datos, sino que tambien externaliza su modelo informatico encerrado en los Reglamentos sobre la Interoperabilidad, n. 817 y 818 de 2019. EnglishEU data protection Law allows the transfer of personal data to third countries and international organisations only when the European protection standards are met. This condition demands for the externalisation of the EU legal framework to ensure the flow of information in all sectors. Morocco has been moving towards the EU data protection principles for trade purposes, tough it has not reached an equivalent level of protection as required by Article 44 General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). As a result, the exchange of personal data from the EU to Morocco is based on less guarantors means as far as the individuals’ fundamental rights are concerned. Concretely, the operational activity conducted by the European Border and Coast Guard to return irregular migrants is founded on the derogative clause of «important reasons of public interest». This Chapter maintains that the approximation of Moroccan law to the continental one is an indispensable means to fairly manage migration flows. For this purpose, the EU not only promotes high data protection standards, but it also outsources its IT model enclosed in the Interoperability Regulations, n. 817 and 818 of 2019. francaisL’EXTERNALISATION DE LA REGLEMENTATION EUROPEENNE SUR LA PROTECTION DES DONNEES AU MAROC: UN MOYEN INDISPENSABLE POUR LA GESTION DES FLUX MIGRATOIRES RESUME: La legislation europeenne sur la protection des donnees n’autorise le transfert de donnees personnelles vers des pays tiers et des organisations internationales qu","PeriodicalId":333001,"journal":{"name":"Paix et Securite Internationales","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132755141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Control of Migration Flows in the Central Mediterranean Sea: Insights from Recent Italian Practice","authors":"S. Marinai","doi":"10.25267/PAIX_SECUR_INT.2021.I9.1501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25267/PAIX_SECUR_INT.2021.I9.1501","url":null,"abstract":"With this contribution, we underline some of the different problems that the recent Italian practice related to the control of migration flows by sea may raise. We examine the closed-ports strategy and the problems connected to the choice to cooperate with third countries in order to stop migration flows arriving by sea. A specific insight will be dedicated to the responsibility for failed rescue operations at high sea in the light of the recent practice. Furthermore, the examination of some recent developments will make it possible to verify if a real shift in Italian migration policy has been enacted. Finally, the paper will end with a brief consideration of the cooperation framework that needs to be developed at the EU level in order to improve the management of migration flows arriving by sea to Italy and other European countries.","PeriodicalId":333001,"journal":{"name":"Paix et Securite Internationales","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121992940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Le statut juridique des étrangers dans l’Union européenne: Le cas des ressortissants camerounais","authors":"Michel Remi Njiki","doi":"10.25267/paix_secur_int.2020.i8.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25267/paix_secur_int.2020.i8.09","url":null,"abstract":"espanolLos nacionales de los paises terceros en la UE estan sometidos a una variedad de regimenes juridicos en base a acuerdos que se hayan podido establecer entre la UE y sus Estados de origen. Sin embargo, en el conjunto de esos acuerdos que suelen otorgar mas o menos derechos a los extranjeros se observa que ciertos regimenes son mas desarrollados que otros; de ahi que surja un interes en determinar la cuestion de saber como se articula el estatuto de los nacionales de paises ACP tomando como ejemplo de referencia los nacionales de Camerun como Estado que acogio la firma de los primeros acuerdos entre las Comunidades Europeas, en su momento, y los Estados ACP, pero tambien como ejemplo prototipico de un Estado ACP cuyo nacionales no solo son destinatarios de algunas disposiciones convencionales entre la UE y sus Estados de origen, sino tambien en virtud de acuerdos bilaterales entre ese Estado y un Estado miembro de la UE. EnglishThird-country nationals in the EU are subject to a variety of legal regimes based on the agreements that have been established between the EU and their country of origin. Nonetheless, in this collection of agreements granting more less rights to foreigners, we can observe that certain regimes are more developed than others; this explains the interest in answering the question on how the status of ACP nationals is articulated in the immigration law of EU, while taking as a reference the status of Cameroonian nationals as a State in which the first agreements between the European Communities at the time and the ACP countries where signed; and also as a prototypical ACP State whose nationals are the addressees of some rights based on agreement not only between the EU and their State of origin, but also between their State of origin and an individual member State. francaisLes ressortissants des pays tiers dans l’UE sont soumis a des varietes de regimes juridiques sur la base des accords que celle-ci a pu etablir avec les pays d’origine. Cependant, dans l’ensemble de ces accords qui octroient plus ou moins de droits aux etrangers, on observe que certains regimes sont plus developpes que d’autres d’ou il s’en suit l’interet ici de determiner la question de savoir comment s'articule le statut des ressortissants des pays ACP dans le droit des etrangers dans l'UE en prenant un exemple de reference qui est celui des camerounais en tant pays qui d’accueillit la signature des premiers accords entre les Communautes Europeennes en leurs temps et les pays ACP, mais aussi comme exemple prototypique d’un Etat ACP dont les ressortissants sont les destinataires non seulement des dispositions conventionnelles entre l’UE et leur pays d’origine, mais egalement en vertu d’accords bilateraux entre ce pays et un Etat membre.","PeriodicalId":333001,"journal":{"name":"Paix et Securite Internationales","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132953471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The European Union Fight against Trafficking of Human Beings: Challenges of the Victim’s Statute","authors":"Maria Esther Jordana Santiago","doi":"10.25267/paix_secur_int.2020.i8.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25267/paix_secur_int.2020.i8.16","url":null,"abstract":"The fight against trafficking in human beings poses several challenges. The introduction of the human rights approach in this area requires victim protection measures. Faced with this challenge, the European Union has opted for the introduction of different measures through Directive 2011/36/EU. This instrument complements the international framework provided by the Palermo Protocol on trafficking and the Warsaw Convention. The study of some of the provisions of these instruments should help to determine whether EU regulation is truly an advance in the protection of victims of trafficking.","PeriodicalId":333001,"journal":{"name":"Paix et Securite Internationales","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115216934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Rights and Gender Aspects in United Nations Peacekeeping Operation Mandates: How did they sneak in?","authors":"M. Martínez","doi":"10.25267/paix_secur_int.2020.i8.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25267/paix_secur_int.2020.i8.06","url":null,"abstract":"Human Rights and Gender issues within the framework of Women, Peace and Security Agenda have been introduced into the UN peacekeeping operations in different ways. Taking into account that these operations have not been foreseen in the San Francisco Charter, this article intends to reflect on the evolution of both aspects in the Security Council resolutions that contain the UN peace operations mandates. They are the ADN of the peace operations as legal basis of their deployment and include the objectives to be accomplished. In the actual multidimensional operations, human rights and gender related objectives have evolved to become a relevant part of peacekeeping mandates though their interaction is not always clear and their implementation under the protection of civilians’ umbrella could be compromised.","PeriodicalId":333001,"journal":{"name":"Paix et Securite Internationales","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125771428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The European Union-Turkey Cooperation on Migration matters: Towards a Review of the Migratory Statement of 18 march 2016","authors":"Jorge Urbaneja Cillán","doi":"10.25267/paix_secur_int.2020.i8.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25267/paix_secur_int.2020.i8.08","url":null,"abstract":"Cooperation between the European Union (EU) and Turkey on migration matters is an essential element in the migration policy of the European Union. This controversial cooperation has been reformulated within the framework of the response to the migration crisis, one of its central elements being the EU-Turkey statement, 18 March 2016. Regardless of the questionable content of the Statement, it is particularly controversial that an agreement of this relevance has been exclusively included in a press release of a Joint Declaration between the EU and Turkey. In this way, the procedure for negotiating and signing international treaties, provided for in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, has been avoided; in particular, the participation of the European Parliament and the intervention of national parliaments. On February 28, 2017, the General Court has dismissed three annulment actions against this Statement. The Court, in an excessively formal interpretation, declares its lack of competence to hear the merits of the matter. Thus, the Court considers that the Statement is not an act of the EU, but rather an act adopted by the Heads of State and Government; therefore, it is not competent to rule on the legality of an international agreement concluded by the Member States. The Court is not aware that the aforementioned Statement contains genuine legal obligations for the EU itself, as can be seen from its execution during the period in which it is being applied. In similar terms, the Spanish Supreme Court has avoided making a ruling on the merits and content of the Statement. As of March 2020, at a time of significant tensions between the EU and Turkey, a process of reflection on EU-Turkey cooperation on migration has begun, which should conclude with the review of the commitments contained in the Statement of 2016. In of March 2020, at a time of significant tensions between the EU and Turkey, a process of reflection on EU-Turkey cooperation on migration has begun, which should conclude with the review of the commitments contained in the Statement of 2016.","PeriodicalId":333001,"journal":{"name":"Paix et Securite Internationales","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116174312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The European Union and the Egyptian Neighbour: Assessing the Characterization of Resilience as an External Action Priority","authors":"J. Bordón","doi":"10.25267/paix_secur_int.2019.i7.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25267/paix_secur_int.2019.i7.11","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl concepto de resiliencia capto el interes de la academia y penetro en un numero progresivo y transversal de disciplinas a lo largo de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Apoyandose sobre la flexibilidad epistemologica, la redefinicion implicita de la agencia y la inclusion de los parametros de incertidumbre e inevitabilidad de la crisis en su seno, las areas de Relaciones Internacionales y diseno de politica exterior no tardaron en posar su atencion sobre su alcance y operacionalizacion. Tampoco es de extranar que la Union Europea, imbuida en una revision integral de los defectos y carestias de su estrategia exterior, acogiera el termino con afan de apuntalar el puente paradigmatico que tiende el llamado pragmatismo con principios. Ahora bien, la promocion de la resiliencia puede apuntar a los estados o a las sociedades, y en este sentido, de acuerdo con la logica pro-democratica de la UE, la naturaleza autoritaria del regimen de Egipto exigiria una priorizacion de aquella segunda dimension. Este articulo pretende ofrecer un repaso ligero de los enfoques de politica exterior de la Union vis-a-vis Egipto, una guia a lo largo de la Politica (o Instrumento) Europea de Vecindad, y procurara resolver en terminos cuantitativos que tipo de resiliencia situa la Union en primera linea. A modo de conclusion, se ordenara una serie de recomendaciones para la estrategia de resiliencia de la UE EnglishThe concept of resilience acquired academic momentum and pervaded a growing number of crosscutting disciplines along the second half of the twentieth century. Drawing on its epistemological flexibility, its implicit redefinition of agency and the inclusion of the parameters of uncertainty and the inevitability of crisis in its very core, it did not take long until the fields of International Relations and foreign policy-making paid thorough attention to its potential outreach and operationalization. Nor it is surprising that the European Union, imbued in a comprehensive review of its external strategy’s flaws and shortages, embraced the term as a means to underpin the paradigmatic bridge laid by the guidance of principled pragmatism. Yet, resilience-fostering can point at states or societies, and the authoritarian nature of Egypt’s regime compels to prioritize the latter, in accordance to EU’s democratic stance. The current paper will offer a brief review of EU foreign-policy approaches vis-a-vis Egypt, an European Neighbourhood Policy/Instrument walkthrough and it will aim at putting in quantitative terms what kind of resilience is the Union placing at the forefront. To conclude, a series of recommendations will be formulated for EU resilience strategy","PeriodicalId":333001,"journal":{"name":"Paix et Securite Internationales","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123674820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OANTA, G.A. (coord.), El Derecho del mar y las personas y grupos vulnerables, Bosch Editor, Barcelona, 2018","authors":"A. Bürgin","doi":"10.25267/paix_secur_int.2019.i7.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25267/paix_secur_int.2019.i7.16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":333001,"journal":{"name":"Paix et Securite Internationales","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132313830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diffusion of Research Result 'Research Projects on Immigration and Human Rights: CIMCETT PROJECT'","authors":"C. Cortés, Montserrat Pi Llorens","doi":"10.25267/paix_secur_int.2019.i7.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25267/paix_secur_int.2019.i7.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":333001,"journal":{"name":"Paix et Securite Internationales","volume":"544 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113996514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relación de Tratados, Acuerdos no Normativos, Memorandos de Entendimiento y comunicados conjuntos España-Marruecos, 2018-2019","authors":"Lorena M. Calvo Mariscal","doi":"10.25267/paix_secur_int.2019.i7.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25267/paix_secur_int.2019.i7.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":333001,"journal":{"name":"Paix et Securite Internationales","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129770308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}