Sensors and Machine Learning Applications最新文献

{"title":"Ultrasonic sensing of properties of eco-friendly cement mortar","authors":"Muhammad Abdulredh, R. Hashim, Wisam K. Tuama","doi":"10.55627/smla.001.02.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55627/smla.001.02.0017","url":null,"abstract":"  \u0000Cement is one of the essential construction materials required to develop concrete and mortar; therefore, it is vital in developing cities' infrastructure and maintaining human civilisation. However, cement production is recognised as a major source of many environmental problems, including air and water pollution. This paper, therefore, focused on the partial replacement (from 0 to 40%) of cement in the mortars with industrial by-products and on the application of ultrasonic waves as a sensing approach to evaluate the mechanical properties of the new cement mortar. The compressive strength of the eco-friendly mortar was measured at ages of 7, 14, and 28 days, and the results showed the best compressive strength of the eco-friendly mortar was 19.8 MPa at 28 days compared to 23.9 MPa of the reference mix. Additionally, a good agreement was noticed between the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and the compressive strength confirming the applicability of the UPV for compressive strength sensing.","PeriodicalId":332959,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Machine Learning Applications","volume":"2366 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127476418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling of electrochemical phosphate removal from water","authors":"H. Mubarak","doi":"10.55627/smla.001.02.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55627/smla.001.02.0016","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphate contamination in surface water is a common problem that still needs a dependable solution because the presence of phosphate is the main motivator of the eutrophication of surface water which leads to many economic and health problems. In terms of the economy, eutrophication ruins the quality of the water inhibits tourism activities and requires expensive treatments and management plans. While in terms of health, eutrophication results in the generation of toxins via algal activities. The present article presents the results of phosphate removal from water using an electrocoagulation unit supplied with aluminium electrodes, and also it presents the results of modelling of phosphate removal by the electrocoagulation method. The experimental work focused on the effects of distance between electrodes (D), current density (CD) and contact time (Time), and the modelling process was developed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) (a three-factor Box-Behnken design). The results of both experimental and modelling studies were agreed with an R2 of 0.9779, and it was noticed that the 20 mg/L of phosphate was removed after 55 minutes of electrolysing at CD of 5 mA/cm2 and D of 3 mm. The results encourage the use of this method for phosphate removal from domestic wastewater or use the method as a pre-treatment for industrial wastewater because the latter is usually highly loaded with phosphate.","PeriodicalId":332959,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Machine Learning Applications","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129900851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the Cement Kiln Dust on the Ultrasonic Wave Velocity in the cement mortar","authors":"A. Abdulridha","doi":"10.55627/smla.001.02.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55627/smla.001.02.0013","url":null,"abstract":"The mixture of the traditional cement mortar is mainly made from three components; ordinary Portland cement (OPC), sand and water. However, the OPC has many proven adverse effects on the environment and economy, such as harmful emissions and depletion of natural sources. Therefore, some studies try to minimise the use of OPC in cement mortar by providing and testing some alternatives, such as Cement Kiln Dust (CKD). The available studies confirm the applicability of CKD as a promising alternative to OPC in cement mortar. This study will explore the effects of different percentages of CKD (10-30% of OPC amount) on the Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) in the cement mortar's properties. This study showed that adding CKD as a partial replacement for OPC decreases the UPV compared to the reference sample.","PeriodicalId":332959,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Machine Learning Applications","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132063889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The methodology of the archival aerial image orientation based on the SfM method","authors":"A. Karwel, J. Markiewicz","doi":"10.55627/smla.001.02.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55627/smla.001.02.0015","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, archival images find increasingly finding their way into geospatial applications, namely, among others, multi-temporal analysis, documentation reconstruction or change detection. It is, therefore, necessary to determine the images' external orientation elements that allow the images' position to be reconstructed in the assumed reference system. This paper aims to present a methodology for the extended evaluation of the automatic orientation process of archival images based on the commonly used Structure-from-Motion (SfM) approach. The work carried out presents: (1) the influence of parameter selection on the accuracy, number and distribution of tie points in the descriptor matching process at the pairwise image bundling stage using the descriptor matching approach together with the use of Random sample consensus filtered triangulation (RANSAC), (2) analyses of the reciprocal orientation quality of the images on detected points (control points) in the bundle adjustment process using simultaneous verification of the matching quality on check points, and (3) analysis of the external orientation accuracy. Points detected and matched using the SIFT algorithm on archival images of a fragment of Warsaw from 1986, 1994, and 2014 were used as reference data. A comparative analysis of the obtained results with the data obtained using the algorithms implemented in the Agisoft Metashape software (standard approach) shows that the relative orientation reprojection RMSE is about 4 time better, and detected points are even more robust.","PeriodicalId":332959,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Machine Learning Applications","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121072486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The possibility of using close-range photogrammetry in the inventory of historic complex basements - case study","authors":"Klaudia Doroszuk, J. Markiewicz","doi":"10.55627/smla.001.02.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55627/smla.001.02.0014","url":null,"abstract":"In the community, historical objects play the role of witness to past history. Due to that fact, it is necessary to preserve and reconstruct cultural heritage objects and sites for the future generation. Image-based photogrammetric methods have been widely applied for this purpose for many years. Nowadays, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS; range-based method), due to its advantages such as speed of data acquisition, high accuracy and independence from light conditions, is increasingly used in the inventory of complex historic buildings. Despite this, the development of modern image processing methods, i.e. Structure-from-Motion (SfM) and Multi-View Stereo (MVS), has meant that close-range photogrammetric techniques are still competitive with TLS. The article aimed to present the possibility of using close-range photogrammetry to inventory historic complex basements. Laser scanning was performed as part of the measurements (with a Z+F 5006h scanner), and a series of close-range images were taken with a full-frame non-metric Canon 5D Mark II camera. Based on the combined SfM and MVS methods, a dense point cloud was generated, which in a subsequent data processing step served as the basis for generating 3D models and cross-sections. To assess the quality of the generated documentation, the TLS data were used as ground-truth data, and the shape and cross-section mapping quality was compared. It is evident from the investment presented that the use of close-range photogrammetry methods makes it possible to generate documentation that meets the requirements of architectural studies and similar shape accuracy for historic complex basements.","PeriodicalId":332959,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Machine Learning Applications","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116029947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using low-cost UAVs in post-mining exploration - a case study","authors":"J. Markiewicz, S. Łapiński, M. Pilarska-Mazurek, D. Zawieska, V. Levytskyi","doi":"10.55627/smla.001.01.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55627/smla.001.01.0009","url":null,"abstract":"The use of low-cost, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has been growing in many sectors. Due to the sufficient accuracy of the products acquired from UAVs, this technology has also been applied in geodesy and remote sensing. It results from many factors: the low prices of UAVs and the availability of different sensors and software applications, which allows for simple data processing. Due to the required high accuracy, the inventory of a mine is usually performed with the use of conventional surveying techniques, such as tacheometry. This paper discusses the possibilities of applying low-cost UAVs to inventory open-cut mining. Using Phantom 3 Professional equipped with a factory-made camera, RGB photographs were acquired, which were then processed using three commercial software applications: Pix4D, 3D Survey and Agisoft Metashape. Different algorithms for image orientation (Structure-from-Motion, SfM) and dense point generation (Multi-View Stereo, MVS) were implemented for each of those applications, which influenced the accuracy of the final products. The results of the experiments proved that the highest accuracy in terms of photograph processing was achieved using the Pix4D software. The mean difference between the DTM (Digital Terrain Model) generated from surveys, and the DTM generated from photographs using Pix4D was equal to 0.106 m. This paper compared the DTMs and the DSMs (Digital Surface Models) generated by the selected software applications. The models generated with the use of Pix4D were assumed as a reference. According to the analysis of the DTMs and the DSMs, the smallest differences were obtained for the models generated by Pix4D and Agisoft Metashape. They equalled 0.080 m for the DTM and 0.246 m for the DSM. The differences between the DSMs generated by Pix4D and 3D Survey were two times bigger; the differences between the DTMs generated by those software applications were six times bigger. The differences between the models may result from the presence of vegetation and escarpments at the edges of the test site and different algorithms for generating dense point clouds applied in particular applications.","PeriodicalId":332959,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Machine Learning Applications","volume":"453 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120863135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}