IEEE Personal Communications最新文献

{"title":"A ubiquitous, personalized computing environment for all: Teleporting in an X Window System Environment","authors":"T. Richardson, F. Bennett, G. Mapp, A. Hopper","doi":"10.1109/MPC.1994.311827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MPC.1994.311827","url":null,"abstract":"Teleporting is the ability to redirect a windowing environment to different computer displays. This paper describes the implementation of a teleporting system developed at Olivetti Research Laboratory (ORL). We outline two particular features of the system that make it powerful. First, it operates with existing applications, which will run without any modification. Second, it incorporates sophisticated techniques of personnel and equipment location which make it simple to use. Teleporting may represent a development in attempts to achieve a ubiquitous, personalised computing environment for all.","PeriodicalId":332944,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Personal Communications","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122959188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of air interface standards for PCS.","authors":"C. Cook","doi":"10.1109/MPC.1994.337511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MPC.1994.337511","url":null,"abstract":"r the past three-to-four years, Personal Communications Services (PCS) has been one of the hottest topics in the telecommunications industry. Of particular interest is the development of air interface standards. This article provides a concise overview of how standards developing organizations are approaching the task of PCS air interface standards development, a characterization of the air interface proposals, the current status of air interface standards development, and some generic projections. PCS has generically been referred to as a concept that will make it possible to communicate with anyone -anytime anywhere. This implies wireless, wireline, and networking capabilities. The FCC has defined PCS as “radio communications that encompass mobile and ancillary fixed communications that provide services to individuals and businesses and can be integrated with a variety of competing networks.”[l] Furthermore, the FCC characterized PCS as encompassing “a broad range of new radiocommunication service that will free individuals from the limitations of the wireline public switched telephone network and will enablc individuals to communicate when they are away from their home or office telephones.”[2] The rapid growth of the cellular telephone industry, coupled with the government making additional spectra available, has made PCS one of the hottest, if not the hottest, telecommunications topic over the last three-to-four years.","PeriodicalId":332944,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Personal Communications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129704697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slow frequency-hop TDMA/CDMA for macrocellular personal communications","authors":"P. Rasky, G. Chiasson, D. Borth, R. Peterson","doi":"10.1109/MPC.1994.298463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MPC.1994.298463","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":332944,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Personal Communications","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123843781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two user location strategies for personal communications services","authors":"S. Mohan, R. Jain","doi":"10.1109/98.295359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/98.295359","url":null,"abstract":"The vision of nomadic personal communications is the ubiquitous availability of services to facilitate the exchange of information between nomadic end users independent of time, location, on access arrangements. To realize this, it is necessary to locate users who move from place to place. The strategies commonly proposed are two-level hierarchical strategies, which maintain a system of home and visited databases/spl mdash/home location register (HLR) and visitor location register (VLR)/spl mdash/to keep track of user locations. Two standards exist for carrying out two-level hierarchical strategies using HLRs and VLRs. The standard commonly used in North America is the Electronics Industry Association/Telecommunications Industry Association (EIA/TIA) Interim Standard 41 (IS-41), and in Europe the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). The authors introduce these two strategies for locating users and provide a tutorial on their usage. Different forms of mobility in the context of PCS and a reference model for a PCS architecture are discussed. The user location strategies specified in the IS-41 and GSM standards are described, and then, using a simple example, a simplified analysis of the database loads generated by each strategy is presented. Also briefly discussed are possible modifications to these protocols that are likely to result in significant benefits by reducing query and update rate to databases and/or reducing the signaling traffic.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":332944,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Personal Communications","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114325090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The orthogonal-random waveform dichotomy for digital mobile personal communication","authors":"A. Viterbi","doi":"10.1109/98.295356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/98.295356","url":null,"abstract":"The conversion of terrestrial wireless telephony to digital transmission technology is just beginning. However, with more than four years of experimental laboratory and field testing, one has already learned numerous practical lessons, both positive and negative, relative to the art and science of multiple-access communication by large user populations. Europe, Japan, and North America have each developed digital cellular standards. The North American experience has been the most contentious and diverse. Only here have two alternative and rival approaches been carried through to the development of detailed standards leading to imminent large-scale commercial deployments. In this article, the two alternatives are denoted as orthogonal and random waveform multiple access, and are described and discussed successively.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":332944,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Personal Communications","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125986866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control and quality-of-service provisioning in high-speed microcellular networks","authors":"A. Acampora, M. Naghshineh","doi":"10.1109/MPC.1994.298464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MPC.1994.298464","url":null,"abstract":"esign and implementation of broadband networks is one of the major focal areas in modern telecommunications. With recent developments in the field of wireless, hand-held terminals, as well as in personal communications services (PCS) [l-61, integration of mobile, wireless connections in a backbone broadband network is an essential and challenging task since mobile users may need to access the communication services offered by the fixed broadband network. This implies that wireless networks must provide packetbased t ransport and bandwidth-upon-demand, as well as support multimedia applications. Since the radio spectrum is limited, future wireless systems will have micro/picocellular architectures in order to provide the higher capacity needed to support broadband services [7-91. Due to the small coverage area of micro/picocells and characteristics of the multipath and shadow fading radio environment, hand-off events in future microcellular systemswill occur at a much higher rate as compared to today’s macrocellular systems, and control of such systems will introduce a new set of challenges. We canviewwirelessimobile connections as consisting of paths (or routes) through the broadband backbone network; and radio links between the mobile, wireless terminals and base stations (or access points) which are the interface of mobile users to the fixed backbone network. When the quality of a radio link between a wireless terminal and its access point degrades, a new access point with acceptable quality must be found (hand-off), and network control functions of both the fixed and wireless network need to be invoked. In the backbone network, hand-off requires the establishment of a new route, which transports the packets destined to (or originated from) the wireless terminal to (or from) the new access point. Here, network call processing functions need to be invoked in order to set up such a route and ensure that the newly established route maintains acceptable quality-of-service (QOS) to both the wireless connection and to pre-existing calls sharing links of the new route. Furthermore, to execute hand-off, the network call controller must first ensure that the new wireless connection does not overload the new access point and then create a radio link between the mobile terminal and the new access point. As one can see, a substantial number of call processing and control functions of the fixed and wireless network must be invoked to complete a hand-off event. If such control functions are performed in a centralized fashion, call processing of handoff events would impose a bottleneck on the capacity of future microcellular networks. In this article, we propose and study distributed control methodologies for high-speed microcellular networks based on a hierarchical grouping of backbone and wireless network resources. With our approach, a number of adjacent cells are grouped into a cell-cluster that is used for call setup and control of the radio links, and a","PeriodicalId":332944,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Personal Communications","volume":"169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132775462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The application of spread spectrum to PCS has become a reality: Reverse Link Performance of 1S-95 Based Cellular Systems","authors":"R. Padovani","doi":"10.1109/MPC.1994.311829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MPC.1994.311829","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":332944,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Personal Communications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129133598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future public land mobile telecommunication systems.","authors":"M. Callendar","doi":"10.1109/MPC.1994.337513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MPC.1994.337513","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":332944,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Personal Communications","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127032359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evolution of personal communications","authors":"R. Steele","doi":"10.1109/MPC.1994.298461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MPC.1994.298461","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":332944,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Personal Communications","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125022122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-directed infrared links for high-capacity wireless LANs","authors":"J. Kahn, J. Barry, M. Audeh, J. Carruthers, W. J. Krause, G. Marsh","doi":"10.1109/MPC.1994.298462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MPC.1994.298462","url":null,"abstract":"he emergence of portable information terminals in future work and living environments is expected to accelerate t he introduction of wireless LANs. Such portable terminals should have access to all of the services that will be available on wired networks. Unlike their wired counterparts, portable devices are subject t o severe limitations on power consumption, size, and weight. The desire for inexpensive, high-speed links satisfying these requirements has motivated recent interest in infrared wireless communication [ 1-51. As a medium for short-range, indoor communication, infrared offers several significant advantages over radio, including a virtually unlimited spectral region that is unregulated worldwide. Near-infrared and visible light are close together in wavelength, and they exhibit qualitatively similar behavior. Both are absorbed by dark objects, diffusely reflected by light-colored objects, and directionally reflected from shiny surfaces. Both types of light penetrate through glass, but not walls or other opaque barriers. As a result, infrared communications can readily be secured against eavesdropping. Moreover, it is possible to operate at least one infrared link in every room of a building without interference, so that the potential capacity of an infrared-based network is extremely high. When an infrared link employs intensity modulation with direct detection (IMDD), the short carrier wavelength and large, square-law detector lead to efficient spatial diversity that prevents multipath fading. By contrast, radio links are typically subject to large fluctuations in received signal magnitude and phase. The infrared medium is not without drawbacks, however. In many indoor environments there exists an intense infrared ambient, arising from sunlight, incandescent lighting, and fluorescent lighting, which induces noise in an infrared receiver. Invirtually all short-range, indoor applications, IM/DD is the only practical transmission technique. The signal-to-noise ratio of a D D receiver is proportional to the square of the received optical power, implying that IM/DD links can tolerate only a comparatively limited path loss. Often, infrared links must employ relatively high transmit power levels and operate over a relatively limited range. While the transmitter power level can usually be increased without fear of interfering with other users, transmitter power maybe limited by concerns of power consumption and eye safety, particularly in portable transmitters. Some of the characteristics of infrared and radio indoor wireless links are compared in Table 1. Using directional infrared transmitters and receivers, it is possible to achieve high bit rates and long link ranges using relatively modest transmitter power [6]. In most applications of wireless LANs, however, i t is desirable to form links using omnidirectional transmitters and receivers, alleviating the need for careful alignment between them. This article will focus on such non-direct","PeriodicalId":332944,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Personal Communications","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127175466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}