Trends economics and management最新文献

{"title":"Corporate Governance Disclosure Attributes and Organisational Performance in Sub-Sahara Africa","authors":"Joy Ososuskpor, Ehijiele Ekienabor","doi":"10.13164/trends.2023.41.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/trends.2023.41.41","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the article: There seems to be lack of studies on the link between corporate governance disclosure attributes and organisational performance, particularly for consumer and industrial goods companies in sub-Sahara Africa in a single study. Consequently, this study was carried out with the view to evaluating whether certain corporate governance disclosure attributes (chief executive officer compensation and share ownership) affect organisational performance (return on capital employed) in sub-Sahara Africa.Methodology/Methods: Secondary data from 2012–2021 were obtained from the annual reports and accounts of sixteen (16) companies, of which four (4) were selected from each region of sub-Saharan Africa (West Africa: Nigeria; Southern African: South Africa, East Africa: Kenya; and Central Africa: Egypt). Data obtained were analysed via descriptive (mean, median, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values, kurtosis, skewness and Karl Pearson correlation matrix), post estimation (factor and principal component analyses, variance inflation factor and heteroscedasticity) and inferential (Ordinary Least Square, Fixed and Random Effects Regression) statistical tools.Scientific aim: This paper assessed corporate governance disclosure attributes and organisational performance in sub-Sahara Africa.Findings: The fixed and random regression result indicated that while chief executive officer compensation had significant relationship with organisational performance (coefficient = –1.1971; z_value = –3.40 and prob_z = 0.001), chief executive officer share ownership (coefficient = 0.00087, z_value = 0.04 and prob_z = 0.082) had insignificant relationship with organisational performance in sub-Saharan Africa.Conclusion: The study advocates the need to decrease chief executive officer share ownership concentration, as it may probably reduce decision-making process, transparency and objectivity of the board. Thus, concentration of chief executive officer sharehodling should be taken seriously by top management in that chief executive officers should not be accorded too much opportunity to aquire companies’ stocks.","PeriodicalId":332715,"journal":{"name":"Trends economics and management","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114865343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation Z’s and Millennials’ Perception of Masculinity in Advertising: a Challenge for Advertisers","authors":"Toms Kreicbergs, D. Ščeulovs","doi":"10.13164/trends.2023.41.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/trends.2023.41.21","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the article: To explore Genneration Z’s and millennials’ perceptions of masculinity in advertising and determine which type of masculinity and which masculinity characteristics consumers favour in a masculine character or the advertising message centred around masculinity. This can help advertisers to understand what type of masculine character to focus on and whether advertisers’ offered version of masculinity is in alignment with consumer preferences.Methodology/methods: Methods included qualitative video content analysis of advertisements centred around masculinity and quantitative research methods such as survey research and A/B testing of younger consumer segments such as Generation Z and millennials. The empirical results were analysed using the SPSS 23 statistical software.Scientific aim: To see whether social construction and social identity theory can help advertisers and researchers understand consumers’ ever-changing perceptions of masculinity. In addition, the research aims to test the essence of congruity theory suggesting that consumers prefer content (advertisement) that aligns with individuals’ preconceived notions.Findings: The survey results showed that Latvian Generation Z and millennial men and women are evenly split on whether they like or dislike how masculinity is depicted in advertising. From people who say that they do not like the way masculinity is depicted in advertising, 49.7% of them say that depictions of masculinity in advertising affect their buying decisions. A/B test results showed that consumers give preference to competitiveness as a traditionally masculine characteristic, while heavily preferring the display of affection and love and depicting masculinity less stereotypically in modern masculinity advertisements.Conclusions: Advertisers mainly focus on traditional masculinity as it is the most common masculinity type used in popular advertising in the last decade. On the other hand, consumers tend to approve of modern masculinity in advertising, with women approving of modern masculinity in far more convincing numbers than men. There is a statistically significant difference in men’s and women’s preferences when it comes to depictions of masculinity in advertising.","PeriodicalId":332715,"journal":{"name":"Trends economics and management","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129693998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organisational Culture and Employee Commitment of Academic Staff: The Moderating Effect of Job Satisfaction","authors":"B. Hassan, Hassan Hassan, Olushola Hassan","doi":"10.13164/trends.2023.41.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/trends.2023.41.9","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the article: This study investigated the contribution of organisational culture to the three dimensions of organisational commitment (normative, affective and continuance) of academic staff as moderated by job satisfaction.Methodology/methods: The study adopted the quantitative method using a descriptive survey. One hundred and seventy-four (174) academics in Lagos, Nigeria selected through non-probabilistic methods participated in the survey. The data was gathered using three validated questionnaires through Cronbach Alpha. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for the data analysis.Scientific aim: To ascertain the effect of organisational culture on commitment of academic staff and confirm if job satisfaction mediates this effect.Findings: It was observed from the outcome that there is a significant positive relationship among the variables of the study. The results also showed that the organisational culture contributed significantly to organisational affective commitment of academic staff. It also showed that that the organisational culture contributed significantly to organisational normative and continuance commitment of academic staff. The contribution of the organisational culture was seen to be significant on composite organisational commitment of academic staff just as job satisfaction slightly moderated the effect of organisational culture on the commitment of academics and the effect was found to be significant.Conclusions: The study concluded that the organisational culture and job satisfaction have a positive impact on organisational commitment. University management can improve staff commitment through review of their organisational culture elements and job satisfaction","PeriodicalId":332715,"journal":{"name":"Trends economics and management","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122677861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creating a Public Information Management System to Drive Riga a Smart Sustainable Tourism Destination in the Post Pandemic Era of Digital Revolution","authors":"Y. Liu, Nataļja Lāce, L. Chen","doi":"10.13164/trends.2022.40.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/trends.2022.40.39","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the article: There are at two-folds, i.e. creating a public information management system and driving the City of Riga towards a smart sustainable tourism destination with a value-created tourism digital business model in the post pandemic era.Method: It is grounded by literature review and conceptual framework construction, and the information management system for Riga is established based on the needs of developing Riga into a smart sustainable tourism destination.Scientific aim: The aim is to identify factors of a public information management system which is storing and processing massive data with information and communication technologies (ICTs), and to illustrate factors of smart sustainable tourism destinations.Findings: These include the establishment of a framework of public information management system for Riga city, with supporting information and communication technologies (ICTs), as well as uncovering dimensions and outcomes of smart sustainable tourism destinations. The Riga public information management system will promote the city as a smart sustainable tourism destination. The dimensions of a smart tourism destination are presented, namely, smart economy, smart environment, smart governance, smart living, smart mobility, and smart people. The governance aspects include city governance, environ-urban configuration, socio-institutional structure and techno-economic, while social, environmental and economic issues are stressed.Conclusions: We present a framework of a public information management system containing functions of storing and processing massive data with six ICTs, and revealing three indicators, people, technologies, and governance, for Riga as a data-driven smart sustainable tourism destination.","PeriodicalId":332715,"journal":{"name":"Trends economics and management","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126463960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Brand and Masculinity Archetypes in Analysing Consumer Engagement in Advertising","authors":"Toms Kreicbergs, D. Ščeulovs","doi":"10.13164/trends.2022.40.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/trends.2022.40.21","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the article: To review recent research into the connection between brand archetypes and masculinity archetypes in advertising and assess them from a consumer engagement perspective. The study focused primarily on two main questions. The first was to find out which brand archetypes and masculinity archetypes are the most common in advertisements concentrating on traditional and modern masculinity. The second main question was to find out which brand and masculinity archetypes get more approval from the consumers and which have more positive feedback.Methodology/methods: The researchers used qualitative content analysis, video content analysis, and sentiment analysis. The qualitative content analysis was conducted using the Nvivo 11 qualitative data analysis software to help organise, analyse, and find relevant insights in the text. The authors chose to have a mixed content analysis of conventional and direct content analysis. The qualitative content and sentiment analysis were used to analyse consumer opinions from 2400 YouTube comments on certain advertisements where masculinity is identified as a critical concept.Scientific aim: To see whether the brand archetype theory and masculinity archetype theory are compatible in analysing consumer opinions about masculinity advertisements.Findings: The results from the video content analysis show that the most common brand archetypes in masculinity advertisements are the Caregiver, Ruler, Lover, and Hero. Regarding masculinity archetypes, the most common ones are the King, Lover, and Warrior.Conclusions: The most positive consumer discourse was for the advertisements with the Lover, Creator, Everyman, Explorer, and Hero brand archetypes. Concerning masculinity archetypes, the most positive consumer discourse was with the Lover and Warrior masculinity archetypes.","PeriodicalId":332715,"journal":{"name":"Trends economics and management","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115326431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact Of Digital Transformation On The Country’s Social Progress","authors":"J. Hornungová, Petrová Kateřina","doi":"10.13164/trends.2022.40.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/trends.2022.40.9","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the article: The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether there is a relationship between the level of digitalisation and social stability (satisfaction) in EU countries through two main indices. There are many predominantly benefits associated with digitalisation, which can be at the macro, micro, and personal level of the individual. For example, economic growth, increasing productivity, well-being for people or better transparency.Methodology/methods: The DESI and WHI index data, as well as the GDP per capita, were analysed using statistical methods, specifically Pearson’s correlation coefficient and regression analysis.Scientific aim: The aim is to identify the relationship between the DESI and WHI and then determine the relationship between these indices and the GDP per capita.Findings: According to the basic statistic results, the highest value of the DESI and WHI indicator was obtained in Finland. Luxembourg had the highest reported GDP per capita. The lowest results were achieved in Romania (DESI) and Bulgaria (WHI and GDPC). A strong positive relationship was found across all relationships analysed (DESI-WHI, DESI-GDPC and WHI-GDPC). In the case of DESI and WHI, the model captures 64.9% of the data; in the case of DESI and GDPC, 46.7%, and in the case of WHI and GDPC, the model reflects 58.9% of the data. For all combinations, a regression function was determined to be linear and increasing. Thus, it means that for all combinations, if one variable increases, the other variable will also increase at the same time. The economic growth, as measured by the GDP per capita, can be well explained by (is influenced by) the DESI index and is also positively influenced by the WHI.Conclusions: The survey shows that digitalisation needs to be given enough attention because this factor is closely linked to social progress and not only that; the pandemic has clearly shown us that digital services are our future in many areas.","PeriodicalId":332715,"journal":{"name":"Trends economics and management","volume":"291 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115341453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Different Approaches to Remuneration in the Czech Republic","authors":"Katarína Procházková, Peter Mičák","doi":"10.13164/trends.2022.40.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/trends.2022.40.59","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the article: The presented paper analyses the application of different methods and approaches to the remuneration of senior executives in the manufacturing industry.Methodology/methods: The presented article is based on a combination of the analysis of case studies, annual reports, and primary research consisting of in-depth interviews and a questionnaire survey.Scientific aim: The paper analyses the prevalence of three different remuneration methods for senior executives. The first is the remuneration through option and stock programs, the second is the value-based approach to remuneration, and the last is the remuneration linked to traditional indicators such as company earnings. Each of these methods has advantages and disadvantages described in the paper.Findings: The limiting factor for more significant deployment of senior executives’ remuneration through option and stock programs is, above all, the low level of development of the capital market in the Czech Republic. Another analysed method of remuneration is to link it with the Economic Value Added indicator, i.e. with the so-called value-added approach to remuneration. Unfortunately, this approach is not very widespread due to the necessary complex change of accounting data. The authors’ research results suggest that the most common remuneration of senior executives is based on a traditional connection with the company’s earnings, which is often considered inappropriate and outdated nowadays.Conclusions: Our research implies that the most prevalent senior executives’ remuneration in the Czech Republic is linked to indicators that can often be described as outdated nowadays. Therefore, the paper describes the possible reasons for using these indicators.","PeriodicalId":332715,"journal":{"name":"Trends economics and management","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131383043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Methods of Evaluation of the Financial Structure in Selected Industry and Countries","authors":"Nicole Škuláňová, Veronika Šudová","doi":"10.13164/trends.2022.39.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/trends.2022.39.57","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the article: The issue of capital or financial structure is still a very current topic, the beginning of which dates back to the middle of the last century. Despite such a long time, there is still no universal theory that would help us understand the behaviour of companies in this area. This is due to the fact that each industry, sector, economy, and even the company itself has a different strategy, and therefore a different financial structure. Unfortunately, it is not possible for researchers to analyse all the companies in the world individually, but it is at least possible to examine individual industries and economies. The purpose of this research is to expand knowledge about the financial structure in the industry – Accommodation and Food Service activities in 8 selected countries of Central and Eastern Europe during the period 2010–2018. A total of 23,991 companies are analysed, which are divided into medium and large. Due to the fact that research in this industry in selected economies was not found, this research could significantly expand knowledge about the financial structure in selected economies and the sizes of companies individually.Methodology/methods: Two methods were chosen to meet the aim – the least squares method and the Generalized Method of Moments. It is a comparison of two regression analyses, a simple one, in which several assumptions must be met, and a modified one, in which only one test follows to verify the credibility of the resulting model.Scientific aim: The aim of this research is to determine whether profitability, liquidity, asset structure, non-debt tax shield, the GDP growth rate, inflation rate, and reference interest rate affect the level of total, long-term and short-term debt.Findings: The main finding of the research is the limitation in the use of the least squares method in terms of fulfilling the basic assumptions and the fact that both internal and external determinants have an influence on the formation of financial structure, however, in terms of significance, the influence of external determinants clearly prevails.Conclusions: The main conclusion is that non-corporate determinants have the most significant impact on the level of indebtedness, with the influence of the reference interest rate clearly dominating in terms of the value of coefficients; while in terms of the frequency of coefficients the GDP growth rate is significant.","PeriodicalId":332715,"journal":{"name":"Trends economics and management","volume":"44 38","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120887913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Economic Factors Determining the Foreign Direct Investment Inflows of Lithuania","authors":"Milena Seržantė, Benas Karalius","doi":"10.13164/trends.2022.39.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/trends.2022.39.35","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the article: This paper investigates the economic factors that impact Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows to Lithuania. The reason behind this is to find the economic factors that are significantly important for Lithuania’s FDI attraction to ensure FDI stability and growth during economically challenging times.Methodology/methods: Analysis of scientific literature; data collection and systematisation; correlation analysis; and simple and multiple linear regressions.Scientific aim: First, literature analysis was used to find possible economic factors impacting the FDI that may be useful for Lithuania’s case. This was followed by the identification of 5 main factors, namely inflation, unemployment, exchange rate, imports, and the GDP. The research led to statistical analysis, which revealed a strong correlation between the FDI and mentioned economic factors.Findings: The regression analysis answers the critical research question – the FDI flows to Lithuania are impacted by inflation, unemployment, and imports. The other two factors, namely the exchange rate and GDP, may be an underlying condition for attracting the FDI in other countries. It means that the previously mentioned three economic factors can or must be developed to attract investment to Lithuania.Conclusions: The results of multi-linear regression, revealing the Lithuanian FDI is impacted by inflation, unemployment, and imports, is suggesting an inference to develop or give an attention to those particular areas in order to attract the investments. The authors mentioned that inflation and unemployment could indicate uncertainty, therefore investors would look to these indicators to reason investment in a country, while imports were reasoned as a factor to think before investing due to the ability to measure market demand. Policymakers can use this paper to make the right decisions when tackling issues of foreign direct investment attraction.","PeriodicalId":332715,"journal":{"name":"Trends economics and management","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115519438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Project Manager’s Competencies Required by Corporate Management of Chemical Industry in the Czech Republic","authors":"J. Košťálová, M. Bednaříková, M. Paták","doi":"10.13164/trends.2022.39.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13164/trends.2022.39.9","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the article: This paper focuses on the issues of project manager competencies in corporate practice. It presents required project management competencies from the point of view of corporate management representatives – human resource managers.Methodology/methods: The paper introduces the outcomes of the research conducted in the chemical companies in the Czech Republic in 2019. The research involved 514 chemical companies that were active in manufacturing chemical substances; in total, 60 from the addressed number of respondents replied.Scientific aim: The scientific aim of this paper is to summarise the required project management competencies from the point of view of corporate management representatives.Findings: The article presents the most important requirements for the project manager’s competencies, project manager selecting tools and tools for enhancing competencies. The specification of requirements on this position and their verification, the selection of project managers and education in area of project management are indicative of one of the possible practical forms of Career Systems for Project Managers.Conclusions: This paper identifies the required project management competencies from the point of view of corporate management representatives – human resource managers and tools usable for project managers’ career development. The limiting factor of the paper is the scope of activity of the companies focussing solely on the chemical industry. Implementation of recommended tools and procedures in human resource management can bring a new dimension into corporate human resource management, project management, improvements in relationships in the teams, in the workplace, and broader possibilities of employee development.","PeriodicalId":332715,"journal":{"name":"Trends economics and management","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132644957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}