New Institutional Economics eJournal最新文献_第5页

Skill Shortages and Skill Mismatch in Europe: A Review of the Literature 欧洲的技能短缺与技能错配:文献综述

New Institutional Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2019-05-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3390340

G. Brunello, Patricia Wruuck

{"title":"Skill Shortages and Skill Mismatch in Europe: A Review of the Literature","authors":"G. Brunello, Patricia Wruuck","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3390340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3390340","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews the recent economic literature on skill mismatch and skill shortages with a focus on Europe. The review starts with a conceptual overview of skill mismatch and skill shortages and how to measure them. An issue discussed in the first section is the measurement of job requirements, i.e. a demand side variable, that some authors compute using surveys of individuals, which typically collect information on the supply side (educational attainment, foundation skills). Individuals, however, do not often have a reliable view of job requirements, and may actually have an incentive to inflate them. Another issue is whether skill shortages stated by employers reflect the lack of suitable candidates among job seekers or are due instead to the wage and working conditions being offered. The second section looks at how skill shortages and mismatch are affected by cyclical and structural factors. Whether mismatch is pro or counter-cyclical depends on the relative strength of cleansing effects (poor matches are destroyed in a recession) and sullying effects (in a recession skilled workers are willing to accept unskilled jobs as jobs are scarce). Structural factors contributing to skill mismatch and shortages in Europe include \"megatrends\", notably globalisation, digitalisation and ageing. In addition, institutional factors shaping labour markets, skill utilization and formation at national and European level can work to reinforce or mitigate skill shortages and mismatches and are an important factor mediating the impact of structural trends. The third section discusses the economic costs of skill mismatch and shortages. Mismatch not only affects individuals but can also reduce average productivity by leading to an inefficient allocation of resources across firms. The final section considers policy implications, including how responsibilities for skill development can best be shared and what role EU policies can play to better address skill shortages and mismatches.","PeriodicalId":330992,"journal":{"name":"New Institutional Economics eJournal","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128217224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 51

What Drives the Institutionalization of Performance Measurement Systems in Indonesian Local Government? 是什么推动了印尼地方政府绩效评估系统的制度化?

New Institutional Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2019-03-16 DOI: 10.35609/JBER.2019.4.1(3)

Shuo Seah, Mirna Amirya, Qiao Wang

{"title":"What Drives the Institutionalization of Performance Measurement Systems in Indonesian Local Government?","authors":"Shuo Seah, Mirna Amirya, Qiao Wang","doi":"10.35609/JBER.2019.4.1(3)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35609/JBER.2019.4.1(3)","url":null,"abstract":"Objective - The objective of this paper is to explore and understand the motivators of institutionalization of Performance Measurement Systems (PMS) in the Indonesian Local Government (ILG), particularly in the Batu municipality presenting the performance paradoxes. Performance accountability issues have been encouraging the Batu municipality to implement PMS since the beginning of the 2000s.\u0000\u0000Methodology/Technique - The theoretical framework and interpretation of this study are adopted from the institutional theory (coercive, mimetic, normative, and allomorphism) which is used to analyze the phenomenon. The researchers employ a single case study to scrutinize the motivators of institutionalization by elaborating on document analysis conducted from the interviews of 10 employees in a different range of management levels (top, middle, and lower).\u0000\u0000Findings - The results of this study reveal that exogenous (coercive, mimetic and normative) and endogenous (allomorphism) drivers encourage the institutionalization of PMS in the Batu municipality with coercive pressure as a major driver and allomorphism as a mere ceremonial driver (rather than an instrument).\u0000\u0000Novelty - The practical implications of this study can be used to improve the PMS process and the quality of performance reporting in the Batu municipality and in other local governments. This paper is also expected to fill the gap in existing literature on the implementation of PMS within a developing country (in this case, Indonesia).\u0000\u0000Type of Paper: Empirical Paper.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Performance Measurement Systems; Institutional Theory; Indonesian Local Government; Batu Municipality.\u0000\u0000JEL Classification: P47, M48, P49.\u0000\u0000DOI: https://doi.org/10.35609/jber.2019.4.1(3)","PeriodicalId":330992,"journal":{"name":"New Institutional Economics eJournal","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127365594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Soft Stuff of Institutional Development: Culture, Cohesion, and Economic Institutions 制度发展的软材料:文化、凝聚力和经济制度

New Institutional Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2019-02-26 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3341821

Ryan H. Murphy

引用次数: 4

Approaching the Singularity Behind the Veil of Incomputability: On Algorithmic Governance, the Economist-as-Expert, and the Piecemeal Circumnavigation of the Administrative State 接近不可计算面纱背后的奇点:论算法治理、经济学家作为专家，以及行政国家的零敲碎打

New Institutional Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2019-02-11 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3332798

Abigail N. Devereaux

{"title":"Approaching the Singularity Behind the Veil of Incomputability: On Algorithmic Governance, the Economist-as-Expert, and the Piecemeal Circumnavigation of the Administrative State","authors":"Abigail N. Devereaux","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3332798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3332798","url":null,"abstract":"Roger Koppl’s admonishment against design in his book Expert Failure is a product of the richness of the world and the symmetry-breaking properties of time. Koppl grants no special powers of vision to his experts, and thus embeds them in ongoing social process where the consequences of all policies play out in practically computable and fundamentally unknowable ways. So embedded, he demonstrates that expert rule tends to be a public bad rather than a public good. He suggests that a piecemeal deconstruction of the administrative state will grant experts less power, and free rules-making systems from the reign of idealized experts, making them less brittle to bias, ignorance, and small-groups influence. As such, they will better access the political ideal of pluralistic democracy. We call the latter Koppl’s Theorem, and propose a Corollary: rather than the piecemeal deconstruction of the administrative state, the combinatorial explosion of largely intangible computation-based goods heralded by the approach to the technological Singularity shall open ways in which social entrepreneurs can conduct a piecemeal circumnavigation of the administrative state. As both cause and consequence of the latter, untethering expertise from formal state-based institutions shall unlock the value of extra-public social entrepreneurship. We cover computability, complexity, creative processes, and the production of novelty through “togetherness,” a framework for thinking about the value created by knowledge division through time.","PeriodicalId":330992,"journal":{"name":"New Institutional Economics eJournal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129820924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

The Effect of Economic Laws in a Modern Market Economy 经济规律在现代市场经济中的作用

New Institutional Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2018-12-19 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3303671

Raushan Abdikadyrova

引用次数: 0

The Faustian Bargain: Power-Sharing, Constitutions, and the Practice of Polycentricity in Governance 浮士德交易:权力分享、宪法和治理中的多中心实践

New Institutional Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2018-11-21 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3288307

Vlad Tarko, Edella Schlager, M. Lutter

{"title":"The Faustian Bargain: Power-Sharing, Constitutions, and the Practice of Polycentricity in Governance","authors":"Vlad Tarko, Edella Schlager, M. Lutter","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3288307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3288307","url":null,"abstract":"We explore how different processes of constitution formation involve tradeoffs between exclusion, stability, and commitment, as institutional arrangements are devised for managing cooperation, competition, and conflicts among independent decision-making centers. We build upon John Searle’s institutional theory and explain how it helps us better understand Vincent Ostrom’s idea of a “Faustian bargain”, in which individuals and small-scale organizations give up some of their autonomy to higher level governments in the hope of capturing various economies of scale benefits, while trying to avoid enabling top-down abuses of power. Searle’s theory also allows us to better model the formal and informal processes of institutional change. We explore these challenges of constitution formation and power sharing among centers of decision making using two examples: New York City watersheds, in which power-sharing occurs at different levels, between the city government, counties, towns and villages, the state of NY; and the post-civil war situation in Somalia, in which leaders of different ethnic groups built agreements and eventually introduced democracy.","PeriodicalId":330992,"journal":{"name":"New Institutional Economics eJournal","volume":"228 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122462759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Institution Building Through Effective Academic Performance Indicators and Mentoring 通过有效的学业表现指标和指导进行机构建设

New Institutional Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2018-11-15 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3285103

T. Jain

引用次数: 21

Exploring the Role of Institutions in Cross Country Malmquist Productivity Analysis: A Two-Stage Double Bootstrap DEA Approach 制度在跨国马姆奎斯特生产率分析中的作用探讨:一个两阶段双引导DEA方法

New Institutional Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2018-11-14 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3284617

D. Siddiqui, Q. M. Ahmed

{"title":"Exploring the Role of Institutions in Cross Country Malmquist Productivity Analysis: A Two-Stage Double Bootstrap DEA Approach","authors":"D. Siddiqui, Q. M. Ahmed","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3284617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3284617","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explore the role of institutions to enhance the productivity growth across countries using a two stage Double Bootstrap Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The productivity growth is calculated on the basis of Malmquist productivity index. It also explores the sources of productivity growth and the influence of different types of institutions (Siddiqui and Ahmed, 2013a) on them. In the first stage, productivity growth and its decompositions a) technological change and b) efficiency change are estimated for a period of 1990-2000 for 78 countries. In the second stage, the impact of institutions on these estimates is analyzed through a bootstrapped regression. Findings suggest that institutions played a strong and positive role in enhancing cross country productivity mainly through promoting technological change but the evidences of institutions influencing efficiency change are not found. This study also shows that institutions that curb corruption, bureaucratic inefficiencies, lax regulations and unfriendly business policies, tend to have a larger effect on productivity growth than other two indices that curb political rents and that reduces transactional risks. However when they are aggregated, their impact is more pronounced than their combined individual impacts.","PeriodicalId":330992,"journal":{"name":"New Institutional Economics eJournal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128948784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transaction and Transactors' Choices: What We Have Learned and What We Need to Explore 交易与交易者的选择:我们学到了什么，我们需要探索什么

New Institutional Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2018-09-29 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3257382

Massimiliano Vatiero

引用次数: 3

Conceptualising Accountability in the Legal and Institutional Framework of the OSCE 欧安组织法律和体制框架中的问责制概念化

New Institutional Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2018-08-08 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3228528

C. Moser

{"title":"Conceptualising Accountability in the Legal and Institutional Framework of the OSCE","authors":"C. Moser","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3228528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3228528","url":null,"abstract":"This paper (forthcoming in Steinbruck Platise/Moser/Peters (eds), The Legal Framework of the OSCE, Cambridge University Press) investigates accountability in the context of the OSCE, considering the Organisation’s unsettled legal framework. The analysis unfolds in three parts. The focus of the first part is on outlining the conceptual framework. Approached from a constitutional – that is power-centred – perspective, accountability is defined as a mechanism in which the power-wielder (actor) is held to account by a meaningful other (forum) in a three-step process as conceptualised by Bovens. Accountability mechanisms can thus cover a wide range of issues (legal, political and administrative matters) and activities (decision-making, steering and implementation). The second part then goes on to contextualise accountability in a broader governance scheme. Here, the paper inter alia inquires what the decisive criterion for accountability in the international arena would be, given that much public power is channelled through formal as well as informal international institutions. In the third and last part, existing accountability arrangements in the current OSCE framework are mapped and the relevance of accountability for the OSCE is discussed, also with reference to other international institutions entrusted with similar functions and tasks.","PeriodicalId":330992,"journal":{"name":"New Institutional Economics eJournal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122370667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1