{"title":"Dynamic Spectrum Access radio performance for UAS ISR missions","authors":"M. McHenry, Youping Zhao, O. Haddadin","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680343","url":null,"abstract":"The growing demand for Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) missions has created a strain on current RF bandwidth utilization and video/data transmission capabilities. Solving this problem is critical to deploying UASs in large numbers. In this paper, we introduce a theoretical ISR mission using multiple UASs communications with multiple ground terminals and dismounted soldiers. Then we describe the use of Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) concepts to dynamically select radio operating frequency for the downlink (UAV-to-ground) and for the uplink (ground-to-UAV). DSA radios monitor and characterize the Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum that is in use in a local area; identify available spectrum for reliable communications; and dynamically allocate spectrum usage to networking and legacy waveforms based upon a preprogrammed rule-set. We provide a detailed parametric analysis of the number of UAS links that can be supported with DSA versus the UAS mission area and the target Interference-to-Noise power Ratio (INR) in various scenarios. We determine the benefits of DSA by contrasting DSA-enabled mission versus the traditional frequency planning approach. We describe the DSA software architecture, how it is integrated into existing radios, and its application to typical ISR waveforms such as the Common Data Link (CDL).","PeriodicalId":330937,"journal":{"name":"2010 - MILCOM 2010 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131973282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Latkoski, O. Ognenoski, V. Rakovic, L. Gavrilovska
{"title":"Prototyping and optimization of IEEE 802.21-based reconfigurable mobile terminal","authors":"P. Latkoski, O. Ognenoski, V. Rakovic, L. Gavrilovska","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680363","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a prototyping and optimization approach for reconfigurable mobile multi-interface terminal. The mechanism that controls the operation of the available miniport drivers on the mobile device utilizes IEEE 802.21-defined entities in combination with Network Driver Interface Specification (NDIS) application programming interface (API). The created terminal prototype is able to perform seamless vertical handovers among three different networks: Ethernet, WLAN and UMTS. The testing of the developed prototype with different traffic generators resulted in optimization of its transmission parameters. Furthermore, the paper proposes an optimization of the handover procedure from a local to global wireless network by implementing intelligent prediction of imminent handovers. The results show that this optimization reduces the handover latency and the average inter-packet delay.","PeriodicalId":330937,"journal":{"name":"2010 - MILCOM 2010 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130886596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hung-Quoc Lai, Bruce Zannetti, Tony Chin, Derek Morris, J. Koshy, William Macre, J. Liberti, Carol C. Martin
{"title":"Measurements of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) performance under army operational conditions","authors":"Hung-Quoc Lai, Bruce Zannetti, Tony Chin, Derek Morris, J. Koshy, William Macre, J. Liberti, Carol C. Martin","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680479","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results from a field measurement campaign that was conducted to provide an understanding of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) performance relative to that of a Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) system in military-type environments. The Space & Terrestrial Communications Directorate (STCD) MIMO system was used to conduct these experiments. The system has two antennas and operates at transmit frequencies of 430 and 1380MHz, which fall within military frequency bands. A variety of operational environments with many scenarios were considered. The experiments were conducted at C4ISR OTM testing facility, Fort Dix, New Jersey for transmissions along a wide road, a narrow road and through heavy foliage. These experiments measured the throughput gain of MIMO over SISO given the same transmit power and channel usage. The gain in throughput was corroborated by information-theoretic capacity calculations using channel estimates collected during the experimental campaign. In addition, the impact of the antenna spacing on throughput gain was also studied. Depending on the multipath-richness of the environment, the experimental results show that the 2-antenna system provides a throughput of 1.3 to 2.0 times that of a SISO system. On average, a range extension of 1.5 times could be realized for all the considered scenarios and transmit frequencies. The results suggest that antennas in MIMO systems should be placed at least a half of carrier wavelength apart, as indicated in open literature.","PeriodicalId":330937,"journal":{"name":"2010 - MILCOM 2010 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130897176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances in DSP design tool flows for FPGAs","authors":"Mark Jervis","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680454","url":null,"abstract":"This paper highlights recent advances in digital signal processing (DSP) design tools for Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), concentrating on model-based design high-level synthesis. Next generation FPGA model-based design tools provide a mechanism for abstracted design definition at the algorithmic rather than implementation level. The tools make use of FPGA structural and timing knowledge, and of mathematical and graph theory techniques to optimize and technology map the algorithm to a pipelined FPGA implementation, controlled by high level parameters and threshold settings. Such tools allow simple design space exploration and retargeting of algorithms to different device families. This design-once and retarget as required method improves productivity over manual hardware description language (HDL) coding, especially for projects which are subject to change. The simple design style, optimized generated hardware and productivity in design change and implementation exploration are highlighted with two examples; a direct radio-frequency (RF) radar design and a simple 8 by 8 beamforming design.","PeriodicalId":330937,"journal":{"name":"2010 - MILCOM 2010 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129286851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analog auto-correlation based receiver architecture for radar systems","authors":"Michael Lee, Sungho Beck, K. Lim, J. Laskar","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680196","url":null,"abstract":"Analog signal processing based radar systems enable reduction in total system power consumption, over conventional digital signal processing based radar systems. In this paper, detection performance degradation of a previously proposed system, based on analog cross-correlation, due to time synchronization is addressed and analog auto-correlation based radar architecture is proposed. By adopting the digital radio frequency memory technique, accurate and tunable delays for autocorrelation process are realized. The probability of detection performance degradation of the previously proposed system, due to mismatch, is evaluated by simulations while varying signal to noise ratios and mismatches at the matched filter. The proposed system's probability of detection performance will also be simulated versus varying signal to noise ratios, compared to the results of the previously proposed system and analysis of conditions when the proposed system is more beneficial than the previously proposed system will be made.","PeriodicalId":330937,"journal":{"name":"2010 - MILCOM 2010 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125531863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A cognitive policy management framework for DoD","authors":"M. Sherman, A. Comba, Donya He, H. McDonald","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5679562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5679562","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive Radios and Networks have become a focus of attention commercially and within DoD. Technologies such as Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) can greatly improve spectrum utilization and can even address issues such as Anti-Jam. One of the most difficult tasks ahead of us is to manage these cognitive systems. Rules or \"policies\" must be used to control them, but these policies must be balanced with the intelligence innate within cognitive systems so as not to thwart performance. Typical network policies use an event-condition-action (ECA) format. But cognitive policies are often written using a “permissive / restrictive” format that is declarative stating the type of behavior desired rather than how to implement the behavior. How such policies are developed, distributed, and maintained is an active area of investigation within DoD. This paper will present work investigating the components required in a DoD system to implement a policy management framework for DSA systems and it extensibility to other cognitive systems.1","PeriodicalId":330937,"journal":{"name":"2010 - MILCOM 2010 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126851334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Salmanian, Jiangxin Hu, Li Pan, P. Mason, Ming Li
{"title":"Supporting periodic, strong re-authentication in MANET scenarios","authors":"M. Salmanian, Jiangxin Hu, Li Pan, P. Mason, Ming Li","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680434","url":null,"abstract":"A Security Association (SA), established by strong authentication, between a node pair in a Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) could be lost when its route is disconnected. In contrast, in good channel conditions and stable topology, routing protocols such as the Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) do not refresh routes periodically, and in doing so, an SA bound to these routes could become stale and out of date. In this paper we demonstrate a decoupling of the maintenance of the SAs from the link state conditions by introducing a timer that defines the lifetime of the SAs, as well as the periodicity of strong authentications. This timer is implemented within a state machine that also manages other aspects of the authentication process. We implement these changes using a Trust-enhanced Routing Table (TRT), an extension of the OLSR routing table. The state machine and TRT are trialed in a series of MANET simulations in which the topology of the network remains static but channel conditions are made progressively less favorable. By varying the allowed SA duration timer within the state machine, we are able to measure the overhead (cost) associated with maintaining SAs in varying channel conditions. We show that the costs associated with our implementation are generally far lower than if we were to link SAs to standard OLSR routes in the same conditions. Since the allowed lifetime of SA is a security parameter, our results effectively demonstrate a trade-off between security and overhead for our model. Our implementation is designed to be further, and easily, extended to account for additional security parameters as input.","PeriodicalId":330937,"journal":{"name":"2010 - MILCOM 2010 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123333515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient resource management in future heterogeneous wireless networks: The RIWCoS approach","authors":"V. Atanasovski, V. Rakovic, L. Gavrilovska","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680371","url":null,"abstract":"Convergence of different wireless access networks and development towards 4G yields a necessity for more efficient resource management procedures in the integrated heterogeneous platform. The notion of resource is fundamentally different in heterogeneous environments (compared to homogeneous ones) as it is spanned across several different wireless solutions. This paper summarizes the development process of a novel architecture for resource management in heterogeneous wireless networks named RIWCoS. The architectural focal point is on the emerging IEEE 802.21 standard because of its ability to enable seamless and transparent vertical handovers. The paper shows simulation results of the IEEE 802.21 benefits and reports on a novel simulation analysis (using newly introduced metrics) of the RIWCoS architecture showing that it outperforms traditional serving policies of users in heterogeneous wireless environments. Moreover, the paper elaborates on a distinguished RIWCoS feature (the SAES algorithm) that enables efficient handling of emergency situations making the RIWCoS architecture suitable for military communications.","PeriodicalId":330937,"journal":{"name":"2010 - MILCOM 2010 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE","volume":"46 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126231325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Direct spectrum sensing from compressed measurements","authors":"S. Hong","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680103","url":null,"abstract":"Because current Cognitive Radios are limited in their operational bandwidth by existing hardware devices, much of the extensive theoretical work on spectrum sensing is impossible to realize in practice over a wide frequency band. To solve this problem, many have used Compressive Sensing (CS) in sequence with CRs: first acquiring compressed samples, then reconstructing the Nyquist Rate signal, and lastly performing spectrum sensing on the reconstructed signal. While CS alleviates the bandwidth constraints imposed by front-end ADCs, the resulting increase in computation/complexity is non-trivial, especially in a power-constrained mobile CR. This motivates us to look at different ways to reduce computational complexity while achieving the same goals. In this paper, we will demonstrate how directly performing spectrum sensing from the compressed measurements can achieve the sampling reduction advantage of Compressive Sensing with significantly less computational complexity. Our key observation is that the CR does not have to reconstruct the entire signal because it is only interested in detecting the presence of Primary Users. Our algorithm takes advantage of this observation by estimating signal parameters directly from the compressed signal, thereby eliminating the reconstruction stage and reducing the computational complexity. In addition, our framework provides a measure of the quality of estimation allowing the system to optimize its data acquisition process to always acquire the minimum number of compressed measurements, even in a dynamic spectral environment.","PeriodicalId":330937,"journal":{"name":"2010 - MILCOM 2010 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123042727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qihua Yang, T. Saadawi, A. Abdelal, Mitesh P. Patel
{"title":"Multicast active probing measurement technique","authors":"Qihua Yang, T. Saadawi, A. Abdelal, Mitesh P. Patel","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680406","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we extend unicast resource measurement techniques to multicast environment to estimate bottleneck link bandwidth. We show that path segment measurement is more suitable to multicast environment, more robust than full path measurement, and reduces error probability of estimating network resources. We also introduce a novel way to measure end-to-end queuing delay by using a pair of packets with different priorities. The proposed scheme doesn't require time synchronization and doesn't need to communicate with core routers. Our approach is edge-based scheme. Measurements are made at each potential receiver at the network edge, and can be easily implemented in various networks. We have evaluated and compared our scheme with other existed resource measurement approaches through a set of OPNET simulation experiments.","PeriodicalId":330937,"journal":{"name":"2010 - MILCOM 2010 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126593788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}