{"title":"A joint performance-vulnerability metric framework for designing ad hoc routing protocols","authors":"Andrew Clark, R. Hardy, R. Poovendran","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5679587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5679587","url":null,"abstract":"When a network is deployed in a hostile environment, different paths between nodes may provide varying levels of resilience to adversarial attack. Therefore, in order to ensure that network services are both timely and secure, both the vulnerability and performance of the path must be taken into account during route selection. However, current routing protocols do not take resilience of intermediate links into account, instead focusing on optimizing use of network resources. In this work, we propose a new class of resilience-enhanced routing protocols that incorporate the security of individual communication links when selecting a routing path. To enable resilient path selection, we introduce a joint performance-vulnerability metric, which quantifies the cost of a link based on both performance and vulnerability characteristics, so that shortest paths chosen using this metric will be both efficient and resilient to attack. We give an example that measures resilience to key exposure in ad hoc networks and demonstrate the feasibility of our scheme through analysis and simulation.","PeriodicalId":330937,"journal":{"name":"2010 - MILCOM 2010 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114450378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Compressive Sensing for streaming signals using the Streaming Greedy Pursuit","authors":"T. Petros, M. Salman Asif","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680110","url":null,"abstract":"Compressive Sensing (CS) has recently emerged as significant signal processing framework to acquire and reconstruct sparse signals at rates significantly below the Nyquist rate. However, most of the CS development to-date has focused on finite-length signals and representations. In this paper we present a new CS framework and a greedy reconstruction algorithm, the Streaming Greedy Pursuit (SGP), explicitly designed for streaming applications and signals of unknown length. Our sampling framework is designed to be causal and implementable using existing hardware architectures. Furthermore, our reconstruction algorithm provides explicit computational guarantees, which makes it appropriate for real-time system implementations. Our experimental results on very long signals demonstrate the good performance of the SGP and validate our approach.","PeriodicalId":330937,"journal":{"name":"2010 - MILCOM 2010 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114460371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erlend Larsen, L. Landmark, Vinh Pham, O. Kure, P. Engelstad
{"title":"Optimized group communication for tactical military networks","authors":"Erlend Larsen, L. Landmark, Vinh Pham, O. Kure, P. Engelstad","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680404","url":null,"abstract":"In tactical networks there is a need for group communication applications, such as position and information sharing (Situational Awareness data), and Push-to-Talk (PTT) voice communication. This paper focuses on group communication in tactical military ad hoc networks, where most of the nodes are interested receivers. In this case, an efficient flooding protocol will be the best solution for the group communication. Efficient flooding can be achieved with the Simplified Multicast Forwarding (SMF) framework. The performance of SMF depends on the chosen forwarding algorithm. Two plausible alternatives are S-MPR and NS-MPR. The former is the more bandwidth efficient, while the latter is more robust to mobility. This paper investigates the limitations of the forwarding algorithms and investigates measures to mend S-MPR's mobility problem. Further, the paper suggests combining S-MPR and NS-MPR using the radio load as metric. Finally, the PTT and Situational Awareness (SA) traffic types are evaluated when run simultaneously, and a preemptive switch to S-MPR is proposed for the SA traffic. Through employing the methods suggested in this paper, the performance for PTT and SA traffic forwarded using SMF in tactical military networks can be increased.","PeriodicalId":330937,"journal":{"name":"2010 - MILCOM 2010 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE","volume":"388 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116808430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced spectrum sensing techniques for dynamic spectrum access cognitive radio networks","authors":"S. Boyd, M. Pursley","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680325","url":null,"abstract":"Spectrum access protocols permit secondary users to utilize frequency bands when the bands are not in use by the primary owners. To determine if a frequency band is in use, spectrum sensing techniques (e.g., energy detection, feature detection) are employed by the secondary radios. Such techniques require that the secondary radios cease transmitting in the band during spectrum sensing periods. We propose a technique whereby cognitive radios that are secondary users of a frequency band can monitor the band for the emergence of primary signals while communicating. This enhancement permits more efficient use of spectrum by the secondary network, which results in increased channel utilization.","PeriodicalId":330937,"journal":{"name":"2010 - MILCOM 2010 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117101535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive forwarding rate control for network coding in tactical manets","authors":"Eun-Kyu Lee, M. Gerla","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680142","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a novel packet forwarding scheme based on network coding that is resilient to jamming attack in a tactical area. Wireless communication is necessary in a battlefield, but it is fragile to jamming attacks from an adversary because of the wireless shared medium. Jamming attack is easily achieved by emitting continuous radio signals and it can interfere with other radio communications. Channel switching over multiple channels or route detouring have been proposed to restore communication from jamming attacks, but they require a special radio system or knowledge of the network topology. Our new scheme exploits packet redundancy of network coding. It dynamically changes the level of redundancy adapting to local jamming conditions and thus injects redundant encoded packets when and where a jamming attack occurs. In absence of jamming, it decreases forwarding rate to save resources so that our protocol efficiently manages the network resources. We provide performance evaluations of resiliency and efficiency of the new scheme via simulation study.","PeriodicalId":330937,"journal":{"name":"2010 - MILCOM 2010 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129862380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mody, M. Sherman, Alan Trojan, K. Yau, J. Farkas, Sharon Sputz, Thomas P. Mcelwain, R. Bauer, J. Boksiner, Antonio Fiuza
{"title":"On making the current military radios cognitive without hardware or firmware modifications","authors":"A. Mody, M. Sherman, Alan Trojan, K. Yau, J. Farkas, Sharon Sputz, Thomas P. Mcelwain, R. Bauer, J. Boksiner, Antonio Fiuza","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680354","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive Radio (CR) using Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) provides the military radios, an ability to operate in un-predictable interference environments. CRs are capable of sensing their environment and autonomously changing the radio parameters such as frequency, bandwidth and power, to avoid interference. Large amount of resources have been invested by the Department of Defense (DoD) on building these radio systems which are currently not DSA enabled. This paper provides a way to make current military radios DSA capable without making any hardware or firmware modifications to them. Radios are made DSA capable by using an external sensor as compared to an embedded sensor containing advanced feature based sensing algorithms, application level messaging and a cognitive engine, which is written in a high level language that resides outside the radios. A real-time over-the-air demonstration for such a cognitive radio test-bed using a network of three Warfighter Information Network – Tactical (WIN-T) Local Area Waveform (LAW) nodes in friendly and un-friendly interference was carried out at the Ft. Dix facility of US Army CERDEC. This paper provides a brief overview of the system, operation of this test-bed and some field demonstration results.","PeriodicalId":330937,"journal":{"name":"2010 - MILCOM 2010 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128647844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Low-complexity distributed spectrum sharing among multiple cognitive users","authors":"Shiyao Chen, L. Tong","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680375","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of sharing multiple primary channels among multiple cognitive users is considered. The occupancy of each primary channel is modeled by a continuous time on-off process with exponentially distributed idle (off) period and arbitrarily distributed busy (on) period. Each cognitive user follows a slotted sensing-before-transmission access protocol, with the capability of sensing one primary channel in each slot. To limit the interference to the primary users, the transmissions of cognitive users on each channel are subject to a prescribed collision constraint. In the absence of sensing error, it is shown that a distributed spectrum sharing scheme with low complexity achieves the throughput region under tight collision constraints. Cognitive access with sensing error is also investigated and optimal transmission policy is obtained for the orthogonalized periodic sensing. Packet level simulations are conducted to validate the performance of the spectrum sharing scheme under various channel models as well as perfect and imperfect channel sensing.","PeriodicalId":330937,"journal":{"name":"2010 - MILCOM 2010 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128978680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Y. Jonmei, D. Kimball, C. Hsia, H. Pan, S. Ricketts, H. Ghajari
{"title":"High-efficiency, high-linearity envelope tracking power amplifier for mobile UHF applications","authors":"J. Y. Jonmei, D. Kimball, C. Hsia, H. Pan, S. Ricketts, H. Ghajari","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680173","url":null,"abstract":"In next generation mobile military applications, where competing constraints like high linearity and high efficiency is required to allow for energy savings and signal integrity, envelope tracking offers a promising solution. The representative signal used throughout the paper is a 5 MHz single-carrier uplink WCDMA signal with 3.3 dB peak to average power ration (PAPR) centered around 300 MHz. In this paper, we demonstrate high efficiency and linearity at high output power (85W and 150W) using a mobile UHF signal waveform. Efficiencies greater than 60% with at least 20 dB of gain while meeting ACPR requirements were achieved. In the case with 85 W output power, a single push-pull power amplifier was used in conjunction with one drain modulator. While in the 150W output power configuration, a dual modulator approach was used.","PeriodicalId":330937,"journal":{"name":"2010 - MILCOM 2010 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129478403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Instantaneous packet information based on-demand adaptive retransmission for HARQ","authors":"Xiaoying Gan, Zhongren Cao","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680164","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid automatic retransmission request (HARQ) is widely adopted in wireless communication systems to improve the link level and system level throughput. Adaptively selecting retransmission based on the received packet can further improve the system performance by reducing the retransmission overhead. To this end, this paper first introduces the concept of instantaneous packet information (IPI). Then, a new metric is proposed to evaluate the quality of received packets based on IPI. The most important feature of the IPI metric is its in-sensitivity to channel fading. Therefore, it can be used in practice, where channel varies significantly. Furthermore, this paper introduces an IPI-metric based HARQ (IPI-HARQ) featuring an on-demand adaptive retransmission. In IPI-HARQ, a receiver is able to evaluate the quality of a received packet and estimate the desired amount of retransmission when the packet has decoding errors. The retransmission adaption in IPI-HARQ includes two aspects: how many symbols and which part of the packet should be retransmitted. The difference between the current IPI and an target IPI is used to estimate how many bits to be retransmitted. The set of bits that can most efficiently increase IPI is selected to be retransmitted and identified by an indicator vector accompanying the NACK feedback. Clustering is used in IPI-HARQ to limit the feedback overhead. The benefit of IPI-HARQ scheme lies in the fine estimation of required retransmission amount and selection of bits with respect to the quality of current received packet. Simulation results show that the proposed IPI-HARQ scheme clearly outperforms conventional HARQ scheme in terms of throughput.","PeriodicalId":330937,"journal":{"name":"2010 - MILCOM 2010 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126703398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Localization in wireless sensor networks based on Ad hoc routing and evolutionary computation","authors":"J. Flathagen, R. Korsnes","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680202","url":null,"abstract":"We propose evolutionary computation to estimate positions of nodes within a sensor network. The approach uses signal strength measurements between nodes and given positions for a subset of these nodes (anchor nodes). The signal strength measurements and routing requests take place simultaneously. A data collecting unit (sink node) receives distance estimates which are input to the evolutionary algorithm projecting node positions. This evolutionary approach can sort out data outliers and hence produce robust estimates of node positions. The present work contributes to decrease the cost and complexity of applying sensor networks. The approach also provides redundancy for the node positioning where alternative methods fail. The present simulations show examples of network generation and routing combined with estimation of node positions.","PeriodicalId":330937,"journal":{"name":"2010 - MILCOM 2010 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129122835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}