SRPN: Obesity (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Equilibrium Effects of Food Labeling Policies","authors":"Nano Barahona, Cristóbal Otero, S. Otero, J. Kim","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3698473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3698473","url":null,"abstract":"We study a regulation in Chile that mandates warning labels on products whose sugar or caloric concentration exceeds certain thresholds. We show that consumers substitute from labeled to unlabeled products—a pattern mostly driven by products that consumers mistakenly believe to be healthy. On the supply side, we find substantial reformulation of products and bunching at the thresholds. We develop and estimate an equilibrium model of demand for food and firms' pricing and nutritional choices. We find that food labels increase consumer welfare by 1.8% of total expenditure, and that these effects are enhanced by firms' responses. We then use the model to study alternative policy designs. Under optimal policy thresholds, food labels and sugar taxes generate similar gains in consumer welfare, but food labels benefit the poor relatively more.","PeriodicalId":330808,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Obesity (Topic)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115027372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hunger Amidst Plenty: World Trends in Undernourishment and Malnutrition","authors":"H. Maletta","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2516893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2516893","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural production in general, and specifically the output of food products, has consistently grown ahead of population in recent decades, thus increasing food output per capita. But food products may be used also for non-food purposes (seed, animal feed, non-food industries) or may be lost or wasted after being produced. There are also people unable to get the food they need, for economic or social reasons, and people who suffer malnutrition due to lack of food or as a consequence of poor health and sanitation. This paper analyses trends in the prevalence of undernourishment (insufficient dietary energy) and malnutrition (stunting, wasting, underweight and overweight) across the developing world. Using existing projections and scenarios the paper also discusses the likely future prospects of hunger and its major cause, extreme poverty. A Technical Appendix explains sources and methods used. Undernourishment and malnutrition in the developing world are rapidly decreasing, though the pace of decrease is very slow in Africa (especially in anthropometric measures of child malnutrition) relative to Asia and Latin America. The world as a whole is on track to meet the Millennium Development Goal of halving by 2015 the prevalence of undernourishment estimated for 1990-92, but this would not yet be achieved until a much later time in regions like Sub-Saharan Africa or South Asia. However, projections suggest that by 2050 and at world level both undernourishment and malnutrition would reach non-significant levels of prevalence (roughly around or below 5%); even in the poorer regions these levels would be achieved at some point between 2050 and 2080, even under very conservative assumptions. The world is thus expected to be on the verge of eradicating chronic hunger for the first time in history. On the other hand, overweight and obesity are on the rise in all continents, amongst children and adults, male and female. The 'food problem' is now including an epidemic of overweight whereas famines are rarer and chronic hunger appears to be on the wane in most countries. Just a few countries report increasing levels of undernourishment or malnutrition, and they are mostly countries afflicted by prolonged violence or facing a collapse of the State apparatus. On the other hand, projections suggest that by 2050, though at the world scale there would be a low prevalence of these problems, some areas or countries may still be suffering from higher levels of both, albeit lower than they suffer now.","PeriodicalId":330808,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Obesity (Topic)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132475203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economics of Adult Obesity and Diabetes in Appalachia","authors":"J. Herath, Cheryl Brown, David Hill","doi":"10.4236/HEALTH.2013.512290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/HEALTH.2013.512290","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity and diabetes are major health problems in the United States. The primary aim of this study is to examine the association between obesity and diabetes and to estimate the cost of diabetes linked to obesity in the Appalachian region. A system of simultaneous equations approach, and a logit estimation are employed for the analyses. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) surveys for 2001 and 2009 are the main sources of data. Both county-level and individual-level data are used for the analyses. The simultaneous approach at county-level based on the changes of income, employment, obesity, and diabetes reveals that obesity increases diabetes, but diabetes does not have an effect on obesity. The counties with high initial levels of obesity had less obesity growth but more diabetes growth. Increasing income impacts negatively on diabetes growth. Logit analysis indicates that obesity significantly increases the risk of diabetes of adults’ in Appalachia. Besides, being employed, higher income, as well as engaging in exercise reduce the prevalence of diabetes, while age increases diabetes. The economic cost of obesity-related diabetes is $1.9 billion, and can be reduced through mitigating obesity.","PeriodicalId":330808,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Obesity (Topic)","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133839696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Affluence, Obesity and Non-Communicable Diseases in India","authors":"R. Gaiha, R. Jha, V. Kulkarni","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1735687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1735687","url":null,"abstract":"Recent high rates of economic growth in India have been accompanied by major dietary transitions. Using a nationwide household survey, India Human Development Survey 2005, this paper estimates the impact of such transitions on the incidence of non communicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, coronary heart disease and cancer in India. The estimated deaths from NCDs are projected to rise from 3.78 million in 1990 (40.46 per cent of all deaths) to 7.63 million deaths in 2020 (66.70 per cent of all deaths). The paper also investigates relationships between NCDs and key demographic variables, level of affluence, caste affiliation and geographical concentration of the sample. The paper also models the determinants of these NCDs. The paper concludes with broad policy prescriptions.","PeriodicalId":330808,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Obesity (Topic)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129153099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obesity, Disability, and Movement Onto the Disability Insurance Rolls","authors":"R. Burkhauser, J. Cawley","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1092983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1092983","url":null,"abstract":"Between the early 1980s and 2002, both the prevalence of obesity and the number of beneficiaries of the Social Security Disability Insurance program doubled. We test whether these trends are related; specifically, we test whether obesity causes disability and movement onto the disability rolls. We estimate models of instrumental variables using two nationally representative data sets, the Panel Survey of Income Dynamics and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979 Cohort. The results are mixed but we find evidence that weight increases the probability of health-related work limitations and the probability of receiving disability related income. Our results suggest that the failure to treat obesity as endogenous leads to dramatic underestimates of the link between obesity and disability outcomes. Authors’ Acknowledgements We thank seminar participants at Ohio State University and the 2004 Conference of the Social Security Retirement Research Consortium for their helpful comments. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the University of Michigan Retirement Research Consortium and the Bronfenbrenner Life Course Center at Cornell University. We thank Shuaizhang Feng for expert research assistance.","PeriodicalId":330808,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Obesity (Topic)","volume":"284 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132275798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}