Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences最新文献

Tax incentives for funders of small businesses: A fit for crowdfunding? 为小企业出资人提供税收优惠：适合众筹吗？

Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.4102/jef.v17i1.903

Annelize Oosthuizen, Andries P. Swanepoel

{"title":"Tax incentives for funders of small businesses: A fit for crowdfunding?","authors":"Annelize Oosthuizen, Andries P. Swanepoel","doi":"10.4102/jef.v17i1.903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/jef.v17i1.903","url":null,"abstract":"Orientation: Internationally, crowdfunding has developed over several years as an alternative funding model for small businesses that would otherwise not be able to qualify for traditional business funding in the form of loans through normal funding channels such as commercial banks.Research purpose: The objective of the study is to determine whether the Income Tax Act of South Africa provides incentives to encourage crowdfunding.Motivation for the study: Tax policy is considered at a time when there is uncertainty globally about the tax treatment of crowdfunding and when there is no guidance specifically for the South African income tax implications.Research approach/design and method: A mixed-method approach, which commenced with legal doctrinal research followed by a survey, was applied. The tax implications of funding provided by the crowd (i.e. the public) in South Africa were compared with the tax implications in the United Kingdom and Australia.Main findings: A tax incentive will encourage funders to provide funding in instances other than donation-based funding that is made from pure generosity. However, existing provisions in the Income Tax Act of South Africa that provide incentives to funders of small businesses are not fit for crowdfunding. A single tax credit aligned with international practice is proposed to encourage funders to provide funding to small businesses.Practical/managerial implications: The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers as they demonstrated that tax incentives encourage funders to provide funding.Contribution/value-add: This article contributes to the limited research that has been done on crowdfunding in South Africa and provides some of the first empirical results.","PeriodicalId":32935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141662404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revisiting the satisfaction–loyalty link in retail banking – An emerging market perspective 重新审视零售银行业务的满意度与忠诚度之间的联系--新兴市场视角

Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.4102/jef.v17i1.925

D. Petzer, M. Roberts-Lombard

{"title":"Revisiting the satisfaction–loyalty link in retail banking – An emerging market perspective","authors":"D. Petzer, M. Roberts-Lombard","doi":"10.4102/jef.v17i1.925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/jef.v17i1.925","url":null,"abstract":"Orientation: Revisiting the satisfaction–loyalty link is critical to better understand the driving factors of satisfaction and loyalty. This is especially true considering the increasing competitive nature of South Africa’s banking industry.Research purpose: The study revisits the satisfaction–loyalty link and the mediating effect of affective and calculative commitment on the satisfaction–loyalty link.Motivation for the study: Numerous scholars have explored and proposed different pathways to enhance the satisfaction–loyalty link in multiple contexts and industries. To date, there is, however, no clear pathway in a business-to-consumer (B2C) context and further research is required on how to strengthen this link.Research approach/design and method: A quantitative descripto-explanatory study that is cross-sectional in nature was used to collect empirical data from 871 banking customers in South Africa purposively selected using interviewer-administered questionnaires. SmartPLS 3.2.7 was used to test the direct effect (H1–H4) and Hayes Process Macro for SPSS (Model 4) was used to test the indirect effects (H5 and H6).Main findings: Satisfaction has a significant and positive relationship with affective and calculative commitment, and calculative commitment in turn has a significant and positive relationship with loyalty. Both affective and calculative commitments partially mediate the relationship between satisfaction and loyalty.Practical/managerial implications: The importance of affective commitment in the relationship between satisfaction and loyalty among customers of South African retail banks is highlighted.Contribution/value-add: This study provides an enhanced understanding of the importance of affective and calculative commitment in strengthening the satisfaction–loyalty link.","PeriodicalId":32935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences","volume":"50 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141113207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A review of research performed on the approach to the subsequent measurement of goodwill 商誉后续计量方法研究综述

Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.4102/jef.v17i1.928

Humnaaz Jhavary, Dusan Ecim, W. van Zijl

{"title":"A review of research performed on the approach to the subsequent measurement of goodwill","authors":"Humnaaz Jhavary, Dusan Ecim, W. van Zijl","doi":"10.4102/jef.v17i1.928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/jef.v17i1.928","url":null,"abstract":"Orientation: By taking stock of goodwill accounting literature, the article identifies key themes and highlights the lack of innovation in goodwill and intangibles’ accounting evolution.Research purpose: This article suggests pure grounded theory research is required to develop a novel perspective on goodwill accounting.Motivation for the study: Little progress has been made to overcome the dated issues related to goodwill impairment necessitating a genuinely fresh approach.Research approach/design and method: A search was performed on the Scopus Database and all sources containing a combination of ‘goodwill’ and ‘impairment’, ‘amortisation’ or ‘depreciation’ in the title, abstract or keywords were extracted. A total of 231 sources from 1990 to 2022 are analysed. These are coded with the support of a content analysis and a bibliometric analysis.Main findings: This research identifies the dominance of positivist quantitative research and financial economics as a key issue that may be holding back progress on the subsequent treatment of goodwill. The research iterates three core issues, namely: (1) that the impairment-only approach allows too much managerial discretion, (2) an inability to reasonably estimate the useful life of goodwill deters many from supporting goodwill amortisation and (3) sometimes goodwill may be a wasting asset while others may genuinely have an indefinite useful life.Practical/managerial implications: This research may be relevant for standard setters when considering goodwill accounting methods.Contribution/value-add: The research provides insights into existing literature and highlights areas for future accounting research.","PeriodicalId":32935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences","volume":"191 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141015336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antecedents of youths who are not in employment, education or training: Micro-level evidence 未就业、未接受教育或培训青年的前因：微观层面的证据

Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.4102/jef.v17i1.899

Jacques J.J. De Jongh, Precious Mncayi-Makhanya, Phindile Mdluli-Maziya

{"title":"Antecedents of youths who are not in employment, education or training: Micro-level evidence","authors":"Jacques J.J. De Jongh, Precious Mncayi-Makhanya, Phindile Mdluli-Maziya","doi":"10.4102/jef.v17i1.899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/jef.v17i1.899","url":null,"abstract":"Orientation: The increasing number of young people not in employment, education or training (NEET) is a concerning global trend.Research purpose: This study aimed to identify the factors that contribute to young individuals being classified as NEET in South Africa.Motivation for the study: Given the rising NEET rates in South Africa and the potential loss of human capital, this study addresses a critical gap in understanding the drivers of youth unemployment and disengagement from education and/or training.Research approach/design and method: Employing cross-sectional data analysis techniques, the study used the Quarterly Labour Force Survey data with a sample of 14 338 youths aged 15–34 years from Statistics South Africa.Main findings: The study identified education level, race and age as significant predictors of NEET status. The research highlighted the role of social capital and geographical barriers in determining the NEET status of young individuals, with location and gender having an impact.Practical/managerial implications: The study’s findings have important implications for policymakers. Possible strategies can target the specific factors identified, such as improving access to education and training, addressing racial disparities and reducing gender-related barriers.Contribution/value-add: This study reveals the causes of NEET among South African youth. Policymakers can use this information to create targeted interventions, reduce the NEET population and promote socio-economic development. The research provides a valuable resource to guide efforts in reducing the NEET population and harnessing the potential of the country’s youth.","PeriodicalId":32935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140739337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of credit rating changes on corporate capital structure in South Africa 信用评级变化对南非公司资本结构的影响

Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.4102/jef.v17i1.866

Culverwell Bwowa, Marise Mouton, M. C. de Wet

{"title":"Effects of credit rating changes on corporate capital structure in South Africa","authors":"Culverwell Bwowa, Marise Mouton, M. C. de Wet","doi":"10.4102/jef.v17i1.866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/jef.v17i1.866","url":null,"abstract":"Orientation: The changes in credit ratings for corporates have a great impact on corporate funding decisions, costs and capital structures.Research purpose: The study aimed to identify the relationship between credit ratings and capital structures in emerging economies such as South Africa.Motivation for study: Investors, financial managers, regulatory authorities and financial analysts focus on the credit quality of companies as measured by credit ratings in making financing and investing choices. The credit rating is a significant communication tool, and businesses consider it crucial when deciding on capital structure. An ideal capital structure of a company is one that reduces its relative cost of capital by striking a balance between the capital structure proportions to enhance value.Research approach, design and method: A systematic and quantitative approach using semi-annual data from 2011 to 2020 sourced from EquityRT and the JSE.Main findings: Credit ratings have a positive and material impact on the capital structure decisions of South Africa’s top 40 companies. Thus, a higher debt-to-asset ratio is encouraged when the credit score improves, and a downgrade is more likely to be followed by a capital reduction behaviour.Practical/managerial implications: Investors, managers and regulators can use the findings of this study for financial decision-making purposes, anticipating changes in future corporate capital structures and monitoring funding opportunities as well as balancing debt to equity in the capital construction of an organisation.Contribution/value-add: The evidence generated by the study presented that credit rating changes influence capital structure.","PeriodicalId":32935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences","volume":"22 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140744048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corporate social responsibility, reputation and performance in the Zimbabwe’s mining sector 津巴布韦采矿业的企业社会责任、声誉和绩效

Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.4102/jef.v17i1.879

Irvine Langton, Joseph Zuva, C. Mafini

{"title":"Corporate social responsibility, reputation and performance in the Zimbabwe’s mining sector","authors":"Irvine Langton, Joseph Zuva, C. Mafini","doi":"10.4102/jef.v17i1.879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/jef.v17i1.879","url":null,"abstract":"Orientation: The Zimbabwe’s mining sector regrettably has a poor corporate social responsibility (CSR) record, which has earned the mining corporations a bad reputation and poor business performance.Research purpose: The study investigated the relationship between CSR, corporate reputation (CR), and performance in Zimbabwe’s mining sector.Motivation for the study: The implementation of CSR programmes in the Zimbabwean mining sector has been inconsistent over the years, with some firms virtually uninvolved in such activities. The impact of CSR in that sector remains largely unexplored.Research approach/design and method: The study was quantitative, involving a survey of 330 managers and other professionals working in Zimbabwean mining sector firms. The collected data were analysed using correlation and regression analyses.Main findings: Two CSR dimensions, namely, stakeholder CSR and ethical CSR, contributed to CR. Corporate reputation exerted a positive impact on social performance and negatively towards operational performance.Practical/managerial implications: The study provides practical solutions to mining firms on which CSR practices are essential for strengthening both CR and performance.Contribution/value-add: The study represents a novel effort to model the relationship between CSR, CR and the performance of Zimbabwe’s mining sector. It offers the basis for future research studies on CSR practices and CR in several sectors of the Zimbabwean economy.","PeriodicalId":32935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences","volume":"65 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140365068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Delineating the parameters of integrated thinking: A synthetic literature review 界定综合思维的参数：综合文献综述

Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.4102/jef.v17i1.891

Erica Du Toit, Benjamin Marx, Roz Smith

{"title":"Delineating the parameters of integrated thinking: A synthetic literature review","authors":"Erica Du Toit, Benjamin Marx, Roz Smith","doi":"10.4102/jef.v17i1.891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/jef.v17i1.891","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Many accounting professional bodies, of which the South African Institute of Chartered Accountants (SAICA) is one, expect academics to develop integrated thinking skills in their students during higher education. Integrated thinking is, however, often confused with critical thinking, systems thinking and design thinking.Aim: This article aims to delineate the concept of integrated thinking by analysing the similarities and differences between integrated thinking, integrative thinking, critical thinking, systems thinking and design thinking.Conclusion: Integrated thinking is a higher-order thinking skill with a strong emphasis on the ability to think in a creative manner. Although there are differences between integrated thinking and other higher-order thinking skills, there are also similarities. This article sets integrated thinking apart from other higher-order thinking skills.Contribution: Limited research has been conducted to distinguish integrated thinking from integrative thinking, critical thinking, systems thinking and design thinking. This article endeavours to identify the true nature of integrated thinking by comparing it with other higher-order thinking skills. If lecturers at higher education institutions are to develop integrated thinking skills, it is important for them to have a clear understanding of what integrated thinking is, and how it differs from other thinking models. Without a grounded understanding of what integrated thinking is, it is nearly impossible to develop it in students.","PeriodicalId":32935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140238063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Suitability of risk assessment tools used during the portfolio recommendation process 在投资组合建议过程中使用的风险评估工具的适宜性

Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.4102/jef.v17i1.896

Solani Baloyi, Melany Lotter

{"title":"Suitability of risk assessment tools used during the portfolio recommendation process","authors":"Solani Baloyi, Melany Lotter","doi":"10.4102/jef.v17i1.896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/jef.v17i1.896","url":null,"abstract":"Orientation: Investors are overwhelmed with Collective Investment Schemes (CIS) portfolio options.Research purpose: The study set out to assess the emerging themes considered essential and prevalent in establishing a risk profile, establishing a framework for risk assessment tools, and evaluating existing risk assessment tools used in the industry.Motivation for the study: In 2020, newly amended legislation confirmed the importance of a risk assessment. This legislation made it mandatory and compulsory for financial planners to conduct a risk profile analysis concerning investment products in South Africa. Consequently, CIS have implemented various risk assessment tools to establish the investor risk profile.Research approach/design and method: Documentary research methodology was employed, where secondary data were analysed qualitatively. Twelve risk assessment tools were collected, and the established framework was used to evaluate existing risk assessment tools.Main findings: A sound theoretical framework for risk assessment tools, which is comprehensive in nature and include demographic factors, risk categorisation, and regulatory factors, was established. The results indicate that current tools used in the industry are inconsistent and do not address all the factors required to establish an investor risk profile.Practical/managerial implications: The study is significant in that it guides the financial services industry into the elements of assessment in establishing an investor risk profile.Contribution/value-add: A risk profile analysis is compulsory for financial planning. Financial planners and policymakers can consider the established framework to implement a standardised, comprehensive, holistic, risk assessment tool.","PeriodicalId":32935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences","volume":"35 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140254198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trends in and determinants of South African maize exports in the post-deregulation era 后管制时代南非玉米出口的趋势和决定因素

Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.4102/jef.v17i1.862

J. Geyser, Anmar Pretorius, A. Fourie

{"title":"Trends in and determinants of South African maize exports in the post-deregulation era","authors":"J. Geyser, Anmar Pretorius, A. Fourie","doi":"10.4102/jef.v17i1.862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/jef.v17i1.862","url":null,"abstract":"Orientation: Agricultural plays a key role in South Africa’s economy, but its exports are constrained by inadequate transport infrastructure, logistical bottlenecks and high production costs. Therefore, most agricultural products are transported to ports by road instead of the more economical rail. Product prices fluctuate with erratic domestic and international supply and demand, which affects competitiveness.Research purpose: The study investigates how transport cost and logistical shortcomings have impacted South African maize exports and competitiveness.Motivation for the study: Little prior research focused on the impact of transport and logistics on the competitiveness of agricultural exports in Africa. Maize, one of South Africa’s leading agricultural products with still-to-be-tapped export potential, was used as an example.Research approach/design and method: Trends in global maize exports and logistics performance are described, as well as South Africa’s share and rankings. Domestic trends in rail and road transport are investigated together with historic costs. Regression analysis investigates determinants of South African maize export volumes.Main findings: South Africa’s logistics-related competitiveness is declining. Rising domestic transport cost has a statistically significant negative effect on maize export volumes while international prices show the expected positive effect. Separate equations for exports through harbours and border posts rendered different results.Practical/managerial implications: Valuable insights are provided into the critical role of logistics efficiency in maize export competitiveness.Contribution/value-add: Empirical findings provide a starting point for more in-depth studies in this area and more informed policy discussions on how the competitiveness of South Africa’s agricultural exports can be enhanced.","PeriodicalId":32935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140448706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Savings and growth nexus in the context of Southern African Customs Union countries 南部非洲关税同盟国家的储蓄与增长关系

Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.4102/jef.v17i1.884

Lavisa Tala, I. Anyikwa, Pierre Le Roux

{"title":"Savings and growth nexus in the context of Southern African Customs Union countries","authors":"Lavisa Tala, I. Anyikwa, Pierre Le Roux","doi":"10.4102/jef.v17i1.884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/jef.v17i1.884","url":null,"abstract":"Orientation: The primary goal of Southern African Customs Union (SACU) is to promote economic development through regional coordination. Consequently, SACU members have set economic growth targets through various medium- and long-term policies.Research purpose: The article investigates the savings-growth nexus among SACU countries.Motivation for the study: This study is motivated by low economic growth among SACU countries and the gap in the saving-growth literature. Specifically, previous studies assumed linear relationship, thereby ignoring the fact that savings may be related to economic growth in a nonlinear fashion.Research approach/design and method: The study utilised several panel estimation techniques with data over 1990–2021 for the SACU countries.Main findings: Firstly, there is a strong evidence of long run relationship between saving and economic growth in SACU countries. Secondly, domestic saving exhibits a positive and statistically significant effect on economic growth both in the short-and long-term. Thirdly, there is evidence of non-linear relationship between domestic saving and economic growth. Lastly, it is shown that 16% threshold level of domestic savings to gross domestic product (GDP) ratio is consistent with 6% GDP growth target aspired by SACU union.Practical/managerial implications: The findings of this article suggest that domestic saving is a prerequisite for economic growth provided the funds are channelled to productive investments. Consequently, there is a need to design appropriate policies that can help to promote and mobilise savings.Contribution/value-add: This article contributes to the ongoing debate on saving-growth in the context of developing countries. In addition, it addressed the linearity assumption of the previous studies by incorporating nonlinear assumption.","PeriodicalId":32935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences","volume":"121 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139836497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0