Avicenna Journal of Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude, Awareness, and Perceptions among Physicians toward Antibiotic Resistance in Hospitals in South Palestine.","authors":"Hussein Jabbarin,&nbsp;Inad Nawajah,&nbsp;Hatem A Hejaz","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1764374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1764374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  Antibiotic resistance is a global problem, and the World Health Organization has made this problem one of its priorities for solving. Therefore, a survey was carried out to investigate the knowledge, attitude, awareness, and perceptions of antibiotic resistance among physicians and to assess the correlation between the knowledge of antibiotic resistance and their years of experience in some Palestinian hospitals. <b>Methods</b>  This was a cross-sectional study that targeted physicians who are working in different healthcare facilities in Hebron and Bethlehem governorates. We used a questionnaire for data collection. The questionnaire consists of 42 questions to measure the knowledge, attitudes, awareness, and perceptions of antibiotic use and resistance. <b>Results</b>  The response rate was 91.33% (137 of 150 physicians completed the questionnaire). The participants' ages ranged from 25 to 56 years, and the majority were males ( <i>n</i>  = 116, 84.7%) working in governmental hospitals ( <i>n</i>  = 83, 60.6%). Of physicians, 69.3% ( <i>n</i>  = 95) perceived antibiotic resistance as a very important worldwide problem, while 54.7% ( <i>n</i>  = 75) perceived a very important problem in the country, 54.0% ( <i>n</i>  = 74) a very important problem in their hospital, and 59.1% ( <i>n</i>  = 81) a very important problem in their departments. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was the most known antibiotic-resistant bacteria followed by extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Only 47 physicians (34.3%) think that antibiotics are not used appropriately in their department. Respondents' physicians showed that the development of antibiotic resistance was due to various factors that include self-medication n= (92, 67.2%), overuse of antibiotics ( <i>n</i>  = 83, 60.6%), and uncompleted treatment (n= 87, 63.5). Senior specialists/consultants were found to be more knowledgeable about antibiotic resistance. <b>Conclusion</b>  In our survey, physicians showed variable knowledge and perceptions of antibiotic resistance. Introducing educational programs is necessary to improve their understanding and perceptions of antibiotic resistance, as well as their attitude toward antibiotic use.</p>","PeriodicalId":32889,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":"49-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10038744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9245455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thank You to All Our Reviewers in 2022","authors":"","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1764391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1764391","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32889,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43026118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Idiopathic Isolated Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy: A Rare Case Report.","authors":"Vivek Mohanty,&nbsp;Shubham Kumar Sharma,&nbsp;Sourabh Goswami,&nbsp;Rahul Gudhage,&nbsp;Surender Deora","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1764376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1764376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Idiopathic isolated right ventricular cardiomyopathy is an extremely rare cause of right ventricular failure. Here, we report a case of 65-year-old male presented with chief complaints of dyspnea, fatigue, and bilateral pedal edema for the last 6 months. On clinical evaluation, grade II/III pansystolic murmur was present in left parasternal area. Investigations and imaging revealed dilated right atrium and ventricle with normal pulmonary artery pressure without any etiology. Magnetic resonance imaging ruled out other common causes of right ventricular cardiomyopathy; thus, the patient was diagnosed as a case of idiopathic isolated right ventricular cardiomyopathy that is a diagnosis of exclusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":32889,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":"56-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10038749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9245453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Predictive Ability of the Blood Urea Nitrogen/Albumin, C-Reactive Protein/Albumin, and Lactate/Albumin Ratios for Short-Term Mortality in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients.","authors":"Serdar Özdemir,&nbsp;İbrahim Altunok","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1761471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1761471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  Hematological parameters and their ratios are the most studied biomarkers for prediction of mortality or severe illness in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This study aims to compare the power of the blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/albumin ratio, lactate/albumin ratio, and C-reactive protein (CRP)/albumin ratio, measured at the time of admission, in predicting 30-day mortality in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients presenting to the emergency department (ED). <b>Materials and Methods</b>  This retrospectively designed, single-center, observational study was performed in the ED of a tertiary education health care center. We documented the data of patients admitted with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between September 1, 2020, and January 1, 2021. <b>Results</b>  Of the 470 patients included in the study, 232 (49.4%) were female. The all-cause 30-day mortality rate was 23.8%. The area under the curve values for the BUN/albumin ratio, lactate/albumin ratio, and CRP/albumin ratio in the prediction of 30-day mortality were 0.725, 0.641, and 0.749, respectively. Sensitivity and negative predictive value for CRP/albumin ratio (≥0.049) and specificity for BUN/albumin ratio (≥1.17) were 92.86, 94.9, and 71.23, respectively. The odds ratio values of the BUN/albumin ratio (≥1.17), CRP/albumin ratio (≥0.049), and lactate/albumin ratio (≥0.046) for 30-day mortality were determined as 4.886, 9.268, and 2.518, respectively. <b>Conclusion</b>  The BUN/albumin ratio and CRP/albumin ratio can be used to predict 30-day mortality in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients admitted to ED. Furthermore, CRP/albumin ratio had the highest sensitivity and negative predictive value, while BUN/albumin ratio had the highest specificity.</p>","PeriodicalId":32889,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":"43-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10038752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10288574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Pneumocystis jiroveci</i> Pneumonia: A Review of Management in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Non-HIV Immunocompromised Patients.","authors":"Atif Ibrahim,&nbsp;Asmi Chattaraj,&nbsp;Qamar Iqbal,&nbsp;Ali Anjum,&nbsp;Mohammad Ebad Ur Rehman,&nbsp;Zobia Aijaz,&nbsp;Fazila Nasir,&nbsp;Sadia Ansar,&nbsp;Tirdad T Zangeneh,&nbsp;Ahmad Iftikhar","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1764375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1764375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> pneumonia is an opportunistic fungal infection that was mainly associated with pneumonia in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. There has been a decline in <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> pneumonia incidence in HIV since the introduction of antiretroviral medications. However, its incidence is increasing in non-HIV immunocompromised patients including those with solid organ transplantation, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, solid organ tumors, autoimmune deficiencies, and primary immunodeficiency disorders. We aim to review and summarize the etiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> pneumonia in HIV, and non-HIV patients. HIV patients usually have mild-to-severe symptoms, while non-HIV patients present with a rapidly progressing disease. Induced sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid can be used to make a definitive diagnosis of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> pneumonia. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is considered to be the first-line drug for treatment and has proven to be highly effective for <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> pneumonia prophylaxis in both HIV and non-HIV patients. Pentamidine, atovaquone, clindamycin, and primaquine are used as second-line agents. While several diagnostic tests, treatments, and prophylactic regimes are available at our disposal, there is need for more research to prevent and manage this disease more effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":32889,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":"23-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10038753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9193253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Ramifications: A Scientific Approach to Bridge the Existing Gap between COVID Vaccines Hesitancy and Effectiveness.","authors":"Hassan Nagy,&nbsp;Maha Hameed,&nbsp;Faryal Khan,&nbsp;Edzel Lorraine Co,&nbsp;Unaiza Rauf","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1760338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1760338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been a major dilemma all over the world since December 2019. Several types of COVID-19 vaccines were developed for public utilization to halt the widespread of the disease; however, vaccine hesitancy is one major factor that prevents a successful control of this pandemic. This study aimed to summarize the different kinds of available COVID-19 vaccines and their effectiveness, and to assess the associated factors regarding vaccine hesitancy of the general population to bridge the gap existing between the two factors. 1 3.</p>","PeriodicalId":32889,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":"15-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10038754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10217955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aldosterone-Secreting Large Oncocytic Neoplasm of the Adrenal Gland with Borderline Potential.","authors":"Maher Alshaheen,&nbsp;Krishanu Das,&nbsp;Mary Jean,&nbsp;Mhd Firas Safadi","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1756675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1756675","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adrenal oncocytomas are rare tumors that are mostly benign and non-functional although they may be hormonally active and can exhibit a borderline or malignant potential. We present a case of a 40-year-old female patient with known hypertension who presented with abdominal discomfort. Radiologic investigations showed a large mass on the left adrenal gland. In the hormonal study, an aldosterone-secreting tumor was identified. After laparoscopic resection, the histological assessment of the 12-cm mass showed an oncocytic neoplasm with borderline characteristics. The laboratory results returned to normal and the hypertensive disease improved. The patient was doing well after 14 months of follow-up. This is the seventh documented case of aldosterone-secreting oncocytoma, the first borderline tumor of this type, and the largest reported tumor so far.</p>","PeriodicalId":32889,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Medicine","volume":"12 4","pages":"182-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cf/de/10-1055-s-0042-1756675.PMC9771619.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10786838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System in Evaluation of Urinary Bladder Cancer Using Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Rahul Gupta,&nbsp;Manik Mahajan,&nbsp;Poonam Sharma,&nbsp;Subhash Bhardwaj,&nbsp;Vikrant Gupta,&nbsp;Arti Mahajan","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1755334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1755334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) of urinary bladder (UB) is a novel imaging to predict detrusor muscle invasion in Bladder cancer (BC). The Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) was introduced in 2018 to standardize the reporting of BC with mp-MRI and to diagnose muscle invasion. This study was performed to evaluate the role of mp-MRI using VI-RADS to predict muscle invasive BC. <b>Methods</b>  This prospective study was carried from June 2020 to May 2021 in a tertiary care institute. Thirty-six patients with untreated BC underwent mp-MRI followed by transuretheral resection of the tumor (TURBT). Mp-MRI findings were evaluated by two radiologists and BC was categorized according to VI-RADS scoring system. Resected tumors along with separate biopsy from the base were reported by two pathologists. Histopathological findings were compared with VI-RADS score and the performance of VI-RADS for determining detrusor muscle invasion was analyzed. <b>Results</b>  VI-RADS scores of 4 and 5 were assigned to 9 (25%) and 15 (41.7%) cases, respectively, while 4 (13.3%) cases had VI-RADS score 3 on mp-MRI. VI-RADS 1 and 2 lesions were observed in six (16.7%) and two (5.5%) cases, respectively. On histopathology, 23 cases (63.9%) had muscle-invasive cancer and 13 cases (36.1%) had non-muscle-invasive cancer. The sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of mp-MRI in predicting muscle invasive BC was 95.6 and 80.6%, respectively. <b>Conclusion</b>  Mp-MRI has high sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy in predicting muscle invasive BC and should be advocated for evaluation of BC prior to surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":32889,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Medicine","volume":"12 4","pages":"162-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/18/31/10-1055-s-0042-1755334.PMC9771629.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10804798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer Diagnoses during Active Conflict: Experience from a Cancer Program in Northwest Syria.","authors":"Bassel Atassi,&nbsp;Gina Tse,&nbsp;Hala Mkhallalati,&nbsp;Jamil Debel,&nbsp;Ayham Jemmo,&nbsp;Molham Khalil,&nbsp;Yahya Alrahal,&nbsp;Monzr Almalki,&nbsp;Mufaddal Hamadeh,&nbsp;Ahmad Tarakji,&nbsp;Aula Abbara","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1755331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1755331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  Protracted conflict has destroyed Syria's health system with severe impacts on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic and high-cost diseases including cancer. Here, we review the type and (where possible) the stage of cancers diagnosed in a pathology laboratory serving Northwest Syria. <b>Methods</b>  We retrospectively reviewed all pathology reports which reported a diagnosis of cancer from a pathology department in Northwest Syria from January to December 2020. <b>Results</b>  A total of 397 new cancers were diagnosed during 2020 of which 191 were among males (48.1%) and 20 cases were in children aged 17 years or under (5%). The most common cancer in men was bladder cancer (15.7%) and skin cancers (14.7%) followed by cancers in the lymph nodes (includes primary and secondary; 9.9%.) In women, breast cancer (38.3%) followed by skin cancer skin (9.7%) and uterine cancer (8.7%) was the most common. The overall proportion of cancer diagnoses were breast cancer (20.2%), skin cancer (12.1%), cancer affecting lymph nodes (8.8%), and urinary bladder (8.3%) and colorectal cancer (7.3%). <b>Discussion</b>  This preliminary analysis is the first report of cancer types and demographics in areas outside of government control in Syria since the onset of the conflict. Despite limitations, it presents some indication of the burden of oncological diagnoses in this area. Further research which aims to describe and address the burden of cancer on populations under ongoing conflict and humanitarian crises remains essential, especially in Northwest Syria given ongoing attacks and severe underfunding. There is a particular need to investigate how best to apply interventions and support health systems and cancer services within conflict settings. More support and resources need to be allocated to cancer centers with long-term health partnership models. The underresourced and understaffed conditions of the hospital are significant limits to a more detailed report.</p>","PeriodicalId":32889,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Medicine","volume":"12 4","pages":"157-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/20/b2/10-1055-s-0042-1755331.PMC9771609.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10804797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of EMLA Cream versus Lidocaine Injection for Lumbar Puncture Pain Control in Pediatric Oncology Patients.","authors":"Andrea D Merry-Sperry,&nbsp;Elham Alqudah,&nbsp;Alexa Magner,&nbsp;Stephanie Thompson,&nbsp;Pamela Smith,&nbsp;Ashley Meyer,&nbsp;Mohamad Badawi","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1758389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1758389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  Subcutaneous lidocaine injection and topical EMLA cream are both used to control lumbar puncture (LP) pain; however, local analgesia usage is not standardized. <b>Methods</b>  We conducted a prospective, single-blinded, randomized-controlled crossover trial comparing the two modalities in reducing LP pain. Pediatric patients requiring serial LPs were randomly assigned to receive EMLA cream or lidocaine injection prior to LP. On the subsequent LP, analgesia was defaulted to the other agent. Pain was assessed using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale pre-procedure: 30 to 60 minutes post-LP, and 24 hours post-procedure. <b>Results</b>  Ten patients were included in the analysis (median age: 5.5 years). Pain ratings at 1 and 24 hours post-LP did not differ between the two strategies ( <i>p</i>  = 0.79). No adverse local reactions were reported for either agent. <b>Conclusion</b>  Accordingly, both lidocaine and EMLA cream provided effective LP pain control.</p>","PeriodicalId":32889,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Medicine","volume":"12 4","pages":"178-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/35/ad/10-1055-s-0042-1758389.PMC9771623.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10804796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}