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The Glass Cage: The Gender Pay Gap and Self-Employment in the United States 《玻璃笼子:美国的性别收入差距和自营职业》
New England Journal of Entrepreneurship Pub Date : 2016-03-01 DOI: 10.1108/NEJE-19-01-2016-B002
Leanna Lawter, Tuvana Rua, Jeanine K. Andreassi
{"title":"The Glass Cage: The Gender Pay Gap and Self-Employment in the United States","authors":"Leanna Lawter, Tuvana Rua, Jeanine K. Andreassi","doi":"10.1108/NEJE-19-01-2016-B002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/NEJE-19-01-2016-B002","url":null,"abstract":"Self-employment is often viewed as a more desirable work arrangement than working as an employee for a firm. Women are pushed into self-employment due to organizational factors, such as a shrinking workforce or limited job opportunities, while being attracted to self-employment by the many psychological and social benefits (e.g., independence, flexibility, work-life balance, job satisfaction). Despite more women moving into self-employment, this type of employment still has different financial consequences for men and women. This article investigates whether a pay gap exists for self-employed women after controlling for industry, occupation, and hours worked and seeks to quantify the gender wage gap for the self-employed. A sample of 467 self-employed independent contractors in the United States was examined from the 2008 National Study of the Changing Workforce. The results indicate a large financial disparity between self-employed women and men. On average men earned $54,959 as compared to women who ear...","PeriodicalId":32839,"journal":{"name":"New England Journal of Entrepreneurship","volume":"19 1","pages":"24-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/NEJE-19-01-2016-B002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62146297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
The Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on SMEs Growth and Export in Israeli Peripheral Regions 创业导向对以色列周边地区中小企业成长和出口的影响
New England Journal of Entrepreneurship Pub Date : 2016-03-01 DOI: 10.1108/NEJE-19-02-2016-B003
Yanay Farja, Eli Gimmon, Zeev Greenberg
{"title":"The Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on SMEs Growth and Export in Israeli Peripheral Regions","authors":"Yanay Farja, Eli Gimmon, Zeev Greenberg","doi":"10.1108/NEJE-19-02-2016-B003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/NEJE-19-02-2016-B003","url":null,"abstract":"This research explores the influence of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on SMEs located at core and peripheral regions, by focusing on a single dimension of EO: proactiveness. We conducted a quantitative study of 626 Israeli SMEs. Business growth, as measured by the rate of change in number of employees, was found to be significantly higher in the core region. As expected, proactiveness was found to strongly affect SME growth as well as firm expansion to international markets. Our analysis shows that the difference in business growth between regions can be attributed also to a lower level of ownersʼ proactiveness in peripheral regions since it was found to mediate the effect of peripheral location on firm growth. Differences in proactiveness levels may be explained by the historical development of peripheral regions. Our results have useful implications for policies that aim to promote growth and development in peripheral regions.","PeriodicalId":32839,"journal":{"name":"New England Journal of Entrepreneurship","volume":"19 1","pages":"25-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/NEJE-19-02-2016-B003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62146338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Adjustment strategies and business success in minority-owned family firms 少数人家族企业的调整策略与企业成功
New England Journal of Entrepreneurship Pub Date : 2015-03-01 DOI: 10.1108/NEJE-18-01-2015-B001
Yoon G. Lee, Margaret A. Fitzgerald, Kenneth R. Bartkus, Myung-Soo Lee
{"title":"Adjustment strategies and business success in minority-owned family firms","authors":"Yoon G. Lee, Margaret A. Fitzgerald, Kenneth R. Bartkus, Myung-Soo Lee","doi":"10.1108/NEJE-18-01-2015-B001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/NEJE-18-01-2015-B001","url":null,"abstract":"With data from the 2003 and 2005 National Minority Business Owners Survey, we examined the extent to which minority business owners differ from nonminority business owners in their reported use of adjustment strategies, and the relationship between the use of adjustment strategies and perceived business success. The sample consisted of 193 African American, 200 Mexican American, 200 Korean American, and 210 white business owners. Mexican American and Korean American business owners reported higher levels of adjustment strategy use than African American and white business owners. The ordinary least squares show that reallocating family resources to meet business needs and reallocating business resources to meet family needs were negatively associated with perceived business success, whereas hiring paid help was positively associated with perceived business success.","PeriodicalId":32839,"journal":{"name":"New England Journal of Entrepreneurship","volume":"18 1","pages":"9-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/NEJE-18-01-2015-B001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62145828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Relational ties in emerging markets: What is their contribution to SME growth? 新兴市场中的关系关系:它们对中小企业增长的贡献是什么?
New England Journal of Entrepreneurship Pub Date : 2015-03-01 DOI: 10.1108/NEJE-18-02-2015-B004
Natalya Totskaya
{"title":"Relational ties in emerging markets: What is their contribution to SME growth?","authors":"Natalya Totskaya","doi":"10.1108/NEJE-18-02-2015-B004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/NEJE-18-02-2015-B004","url":null,"abstract":"Prior studies argue that social capital is vital for firm growth. Adding to this line of research, this paper provides more evidence regarding the contribution of bonding and bridging social ties to various aspects of small-l and medium-sized enterprise (SME) development. Building on the original data from Russia, this paper investigates the effects of firm-internal and firm-external relational ties on SME performance and geographic expansion. The findings indicate that horizontal bridging ties facilitate specific strategies of SME growth. Thus, this paper supports prior research conducted in the Asian context, and allows for extending the outcomes of bonding and bridging social capital into broader institutional settings. In addition, this study raises the question of relationship between the composition of social capital and distinct organizational characteristics of SMEs. Finally, the paper discusses the implications for future research, and outlines some practical recommendations for SMEs operating in emerging markets.","PeriodicalId":32839,"journal":{"name":"New England Journal of Entrepreneurship","volume":"18 1","pages":"47-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/NEJE-18-02-2015-B004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62146601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
What’s in It for Me? Reciprocal Exchanges between Underwriters and Venture Capitalists 对我有什么好处?承销商与风险投资家之间的互惠交流
New England Journal of Entrepreneurship Pub Date : 2015-03-01 DOI: 10.1108/NEJE-18-02-2015-B001
Douglas R. Miller, Tera L. Galloway, Dustin Smith
{"title":"What’s in It for Me? Reciprocal Exchanges between Underwriters and Venture Capitalists","authors":"Douglas R. Miller, Tera L. Galloway, Dustin Smith","doi":"10.1108/NEJE-18-02-2015-B001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/NEJE-18-02-2015-B001","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we examine the impact of repeat interactions between VCs and underwriters. Past research has suggested that such interactions build trust and may contribute to more equitable treatment of issuing firms. We adopt an alternative perspective and suggest that these repeat interactions are characterized by reciprocal exchanges facilitated by opportunistic behavior from the VC. Our analysis demonstrates that VCs and underwriters interact in order to appropriate greater value from the IPO. This article provides a more complete understanding of repeat interactions between the VC and the underwriter by identifying characteristics of the relationship that have an impact on the value of the IPO.","PeriodicalId":32839,"journal":{"name":"New England Journal of Entrepreneurship","volume":"18 1","pages":"11-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/NEJE-18-02-2015-B001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62145859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Out of the Building, into the Fire: An Analysis of Cognitive Biases during Entrepreneurial Interviews 走出大楼，走进火海:创业面试中的认知偏见分析
New England Journal of Entrepreneurship Pub Date : 2015-03-01 DOI: 10.1108/NEJE-18-01-2015-B004
Tianxu Chen, M. Simon, John Kim, Brian Poploskie
{"title":"Out of the Building, into the Fire: An Analysis of Cognitive Biases during Entrepreneurial Interviews","authors":"Tianxu Chen, M. Simon, John Kim, Brian Poploskie","doi":"10.1108/NEJE-18-01-2015-B004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/NEJE-18-01-2015-B004","url":null,"abstract":"A major source of failure for new ventures is the entrepreneurs℉ misunderstanding of the product-market fit. Recently, researchers have suggested that to get a better understanding of the product-market fit, entrepreneurs should “get out of the building” and interview many customers. This approach, while advantageous, is not without drawbacks. This article presents a conceptual model that incorporates the characteristics of “getting out of the building” to conduct customer interviews, and the biases that can arise to influence the entrepreneurs℉ misjudgment of the product-market fit. We provide recommendations to overcome these biases.","PeriodicalId":32839,"journal":{"name":"New England Journal of Entrepreneurship","volume":"18 1","pages":"59-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/NEJE-18-01-2015-B004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62146227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Examining the Age—Performance Relationship for Entrepreneurs: Does the Innovativeness of a Venture Make a Difference? 考察企业家的年龄-绩效关系:创业的创新性会产生影响吗?
New England Journal of Entrepreneurship Pub Date : 2015-03-01 DOI: 10.1108/NEJE-18-01-2015-B003
K. Prasad, Kyle Ehrhardt, Yiyuan Liu, Kamlesh Tiwari
{"title":"Examining the Age—Performance Relationship for Entrepreneurs: Does the Innovativeness of a Venture Make a Difference?","authors":"K. Prasad, Kyle Ehrhardt, Yiyuan Liu, Kamlesh Tiwari","doi":"10.1108/NEJE-18-01-2015-B003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/NEJE-18-01-2015-B003","url":null,"abstract":"Whether older or younger entrepreneurs may be better positioned to achieve performance outcomes for their ventures is a much debated question. Here, we draw on Galenson℉s theory of creativity to propose a contingency perspective for understanding the relationship between entrepreneur age and venture performance, suggesting that a venture℉s level of innovativeness plays a moderating role. Results from a representative sample of 1,182 nascent entrepreneurs revealed mixed support for our hypotheses. While a negative relationship was found between entrepreneur age and performance for those developing “innovative” ventures, no relationship was found between entrepreneur age and performance for those developing “imitative” ventures.","PeriodicalId":32839,"journal":{"name":"New England Journal of Entrepreneurship","volume":"18 1","pages":"41-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/NEJE-18-01-2015-B003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62146049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
The differing impact of household income on firm emergence by heterogeneous start-up configuration 家庭收入对异质启动配置下企业涌现的不同影响
New England Journal of Entrepreneurship Pub Date : 2015-03-01 DOI: 10.1108/NEJE-18-02-2015-B003
Enrique Nunez
{"title":"The differing impact of household income on firm emergence by heterogeneous start-up configuration","authors":"Enrique Nunez","doi":"10.1108/NEJE-18-02-2015-B003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/NEJE-18-02-2015-B003","url":null,"abstract":"Using the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics II dataset, we examine the role that household income plays in the emergence of consumer-oriented start-ups by individual (solo), family-based (family), and non-family based start-ups (team). In particular, we address the research question: Does household income impact firm emergence, and if so, is emergence impacted differently based on start-up configuration? Our results indicate that household income does have a significant impact on average firm emergence, as well as on emergence growth rates for solo and family firms, playing an especially significant role for family firms. Furthermore, we found that household income is not a significant predictor of start-up activity completion for teams. Results from our study reinforce the extant literature on the benefits of starting a firm with teams, and suggests that these enterprise types may provide a more stable platform on which to launch a start-up. Implications of these findings and opportunities for future research are offered.","PeriodicalId":32839,"journal":{"name":"New England Journal of Entrepreneurship","volume":"18 1","pages":"31-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/NEJE-18-02-2015-B003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62146453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The impact of immigrant entrepreneurs℉ social capital related motivations 移民企业家对社会资本相关动机的影响
New England Journal of Entrepreneurship Pub Date : 2015-03-01 DOI: 10.1108/NEJE-18-02-2015-B002
Claudia Gómez, B. Perera, J. Weisinger, David H. Tobey, Taylor Zinsmeister-Teeters
{"title":"The impact of immigrant entrepreneurs℉ social capital related motivations","authors":"Claudia Gómez, B. Perera, J. Weisinger, David H. Tobey, Taylor Zinsmeister-Teeters","doi":"10.1108/NEJE-18-02-2015-B002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/NEJE-18-02-2015-B002","url":null,"abstract":"The immigrant entrepreneurship literature indicates that immigrant entrepreneurs reap numerous benefits from their co-ethnic communities℉ social capital. These benefits, however, often come at a price because scholars note the potential for this community social capital to impose limitations on the entrepreneurs. While the literature largely focuses on the benefits of social capital, there is no research on what motivates the immigrant entrepreneurs to engage with their co-ethnic community in terms of contributing to, and utilizing, their co-ethnic communities℉ social capital, and the consequences these may have on their enterprises. Addressing this gap in the literature is important in the development of successful immigrant enterprises. Thus, based on a model posited by Portes and Sensenbrenner (1993), we suggest that immigrant entrepreneurs℉ motivations will influence their use of, and contributions to, co-ethnic community social capital, impacting, in turn, business success. We contribute to both the immigrant entrepreneurship and social capital research through exploring how entrepreneurs℉ motives, with respect to their co-ethnic communities℉ social capital, influence business success.","PeriodicalId":32839,"journal":{"name":"New England Journal of Entrepreneurship","volume":"18 1","pages":"19-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/NEJE-18-02-2015-B002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62145998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 22
Entrepreneurial Behavior During Industry Emergence: An Unconventional Study of Discovery and Creation in the Early PC Industry 产业涌现中的企业家行为:对早期PC产业发现与创造的非常规研究
New England Journal of Entrepreneurship Pub Date : 2015-03-01 DOI: 10.1108/NEJE-18-02-2015-B005
Alka Gupta, C. Streb, Vishal K. Gupta, Erik T. Markin
{"title":"Entrepreneurial Behavior During Industry Emergence: An Unconventional Study of Discovery and Creation in the Early PC Industry","authors":"Alka Gupta, C. Streb, Vishal K. Gupta, Erik T. Markin","doi":"10.1108/NEJE-18-02-2015-B005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/NEJE-18-02-2015-B005","url":null,"abstract":"Acting entrepreneurially in nascent industries is a complex endeavor characterized by uncertainty and ambiguity. Nevertheless, entirely new industries do emerge, often as a direct result of entrepreneurial behavior. We extend and apply discovery and creation approaches to study entrepreneurial behavior during industry emergence by means of qualitative analysis of a film about the personal computer (PC) industry℉s formative years. We find that discovery and creation behavior are fundamentally interrelated and share a common element: bricolage. Moreover, ideological activism is a major component of entrepreneurial behavior in a new industry℉s formative years during both creation and discovery processes. Implications for research and practice are discussed.","PeriodicalId":32839,"journal":{"name":"New England Journal of Entrepreneurship","volume":"18 1","pages":"61-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/NEJE-18-02-2015-B005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62146663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
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