Caraka Tani Journal of Sustainable Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Harvesting Period on Phytochemicals of Wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum, WK 1204 Variety)","authors":"Babita Adhikari, Sanil Joshi, Bunty Maskey","doi":"10.20961/carakatani.v37i1.52076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v37i1.52076","url":null,"abstract":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;\">Wheatgrass</span> is a plethora of essential phytochemicals considered to exhibit numerous benefits on human health. Therefore, the study of phytochemicals with varying stages of growth is essential. This study aims to determine the optimum harvesting period of wheatgrass based on its phytochemical content. During the growth of wheat seed (WK 1204 variety), the phytochemicals such as chlorophyll, total phenol content, flavonoids and tannins were extracted by 80% acetone and 80% methanol from wheatgrass harvested on days 6, 7, 8, 9 12 and 15, respectively. <span style=\"background: white;\">2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl</span> (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, chlorophyll and flavonoid contents significantly (p<0.05) increased and reached the maximum level on day 9. Total phenol content was found to be increasing significantly (p<0.05), while the tannin content was decreasing considerably (p<0.05) on day 15. The optimum harvesting period was found <span style=\"mso-ansi-language: IN;\" lang=\"IN\">on</span> day 9. The DPPH radical scavenging activity, chlorophyll and flavonoid content significantly (p<0.05) increas<span style=\"mso-ansi-language: IN;\" lang=\"IN\">ed</span> and reached the maximum level, i.e., 92.27±1.92%, 6.63±0.053 mg g^{<span style=\"mso-ansi-language: IN;\" lang=\"IN\">-1</span>} and 183.64±33.49 mg QE g^{<span style=\"mso-ansi-language: IN;\" lang=\"IN\">-1</span>}, respectively, on day 9 of cultivation. The total phenol content was found to be increasing significantly (p<0.05) from 291.67±5.69 mg GAE g^{<span style=\"mso-ansi-language: IN;\" lang=\"IN\">-1 </span>}on day 6 to 446.67±5.77 mg GAE g^{<span style=\"mso-ansi-language: IN;\" lang=\"IN\">-1</span>} on day 15, while the tannin content was declining significantly (p<0.05) from 11.74±0.29 mg GAE g^{<span style=\"mso-ansi-language: IN;\" lang=\"IN\">-1</span>} on days 6, 7 and so on to 3.36±0.47 mg GAE g^{<span style=\"mso-ansi-language: IN;\" lang=\"IN\">-1</span>} on day 15. Therefore, the optimum harvesting period of wheatgrass was found to be day 9 in terms of phytochemical analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":32740,"journal":{"name":"Caraka Tani Journal of Sustainable Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49249988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation and Analysis on the Factors Influencing the Use of E-Commerce for Marketing SMEs’ Dairy Products: A Case Study at SUSDAGTEL SMEs in Bengkulu, Indonesia","authors":"R. Novanda, Helfi Eka Saputra, Basuki Sigit Priyono, Sriyoto Sriyoto","doi":"10.20961/carakatani.v37i1.46498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v37i1.46498","url":null,"abstract":"During the pandemic, inadequate knowledge in e-commerce is one of the obstacles in the e-commerce system. As a result, it is critical to examine the determinants of dairy product marketing using e-commerce during social distancing. This study aims to analyze the factors of SMEs’ dairy product marketing using e-commerce during social distancing. The research was conducted in Bengkulu, with 31 respondents who were members of the milk, meat and eggs association (SUSDAGTEL). The respondent groups were selected purposively to identify the factors using e-commerce. The data analysis was carried out quantitatively, which is determining the influencing factors with partial least square tools. The results of hypothesis testing have shown that external factors and technological factors do not affect the use of e-commerce in marketing SMEs’ dairy products, while both the performance of SMEs and the orientation readiness affect the use of e-commerce in SMEs. The SME performance has a significant effect on the use of e-commerce with a P-value of 0.000. The organizational readiness factor has a significant effect on the use of e-commerce with a P-value of 0.009. SME actors are elevated to the highest level of priority in the strategy's implementation. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a critical role in advancing the use of e-commerce in dairy product marketing.","PeriodicalId":32740,"journal":{"name":"Caraka Tani Journal of Sustainable Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43986740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-Economic Determinants of Smallholder Tree Plantation in Basona-Werana Woreda in the North Shoa of Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia","authors":"Tensaye Abate, Temesgen Yohannes","doi":"10.20961/carakatani.v37i1.54247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v37i1.54247","url":null,"abstract":"Tree growing by smallholders is an emerging livelihood strategy in Basona-Werana Woreda of the North Shoa Zone of Amhara Regional State. The objective of this study was to identify socio-economic determinants of the smallholder tree growing in the study area. Data were collected from the household survey, key informants and focus group discussions. The binary logistic regression model was employed to identify the socio-economic determinants of smallholder tree growing behavior. According to the study, about 55% of tree growers generated their livelihood income from tree planting whereas 72% of non-growers generated income from livestock. Family size of the household and age positively and significantly affected tree planting decisions at P < 0.10 and P < 0.01, respectively. Meanwhile, livestock ownership and distance to the market were negatively and significantly influenced the decision to tree planting at P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, correspondingly. Similarly, total household income positively and significantly (P < 0.01) affected tree planting decisions. This study concluded that the socio-economic circumstances of smallholder farmers must be taken into account in the formulation of initiatives and policies aimed at encouraging smallholders to grow trees in their farming systems to improve livelihood and sustainable agricultural production.","PeriodicalId":32740,"journal":{"name":"Caraka Tani Journal of Sustainable Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45742189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical Properties of Jelly Candy Made with Pectin from Red Dragon Fruit Peel in Combination with Carrageenan","authors":"L. Soedirga, Marchellin Marchellin","doi":"10.20961/CARAKATANI.V37I1.53798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/CARAKATANI.V37I1.53798","url":null,"abstract":"Jelly candy is a product with a soft and chewy texture due to a gelling agent such as pectin and carrageenan. Red dragon fruit peel widely uses as natural pectin in various products, one of which is jelly candy. However, the resulting product has a less chewy texture. Thus, combining the natural pectin and carrageenan is expected to improve jelly candy’s physicochemical characteristics. Moreover, in jelly candy products, the combination of carrageenan with red dragon fruit peel pectin have not been applied. The methods in this research consisted of extraction of red dragon fruit peel and jelly candy making. This study uses completely randomized design with two factors: the concentration (3.5%, 4%, 4.5%) and ratio (2:1, 1:1 and 1:2) of red dragon fruit pectin and carrageenan. The jelly candy obtained were observed for its texture, color and moisture content. Hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness were analyzed to determine the texture of jelly candy. The result showed a combination of red dragon fruit peel pectin and carrageenan within a ratio of 2:1 at 4.5%, selected as the best ratio and concentration in making jelly candy. The jelly candy had a hardness value of 421.59±7.94 g, cohesiveness 0.39±0.01, gumminess 122.22±2.77, chewiness 117.54±2.61, lightness 32.39±0.16 and moisture content 45.83±2.68%. This study provides new insight into gelling agents used to produce jelly candy and the effect on the physicochemical characteristics of jelly candy product.","PeriodicalId":32740,"journal":{"name":"Caraka Tani Journal of Sustainable Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41794845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth Response of Local Cassava to Cutting Models and the Number of Buds","authors":"T. Hartati, C. Roini, Indah Rodianawati","doi":"10.20961/carakatani.v36i2.37746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v36i2.37746","url":null,"abstract":"Cassava is one of the local food sources that are widely available in almost every region. Cuttings are used to plant cassava, and these cuttings will produce a number of roots and buds. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cuttings slices model and the number of buds on the growth of Tobelo local varieties of cassava. This study employed a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD), with the cuttings slices model as the first factor, consisting of three levels, namely: flat slice, one-sided slice and two-sided slice. The second factor is the number of buds, which is divided into three levels, 1 bud, 2 buds and 3 buds. The observation parameters in this study include plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter and leaf area. The results have revealed that the model of two-sided sliced cuttings combined with the number of one bud is the most effective treatment in improving the growth of cassava plants of Tobelo local varieties. The models of one-sided and two-sided oblique cuttings slices yield the highest average value for the parameters of plant height, stem diameter and leaf area, while the treatment with one bud tends to give the best results for the growth parameters.","PeriodicalId":32740,"journal":{"name":"Caraka Tani Journal of Sustainable Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43403037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban Expansion and Its Effect on Agricultural Technology Adoption of Smallholder Peri-Urban Farmers in Tigray Region, Ethiopia","authors":"Shishay Kahsay Weldearegay, Mesay Tefera, Solomon Tsehay Feleke","doi":"10.20961/carakatani.v36i2.53505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v36i2.53505","url":null,"abstract":"In the rapidly growing world, where farming land is shrinking due to horizontal urban expansion and development-induced projects, agricultural productivity should grow by 70% to meet food needs. Spatial urban expansion in developing countries, not exceptional to Ethiopia, puts immense pressure by taking peri-urban fertile agricultural land for the purpose of development. This paper examines whether urban expansion increases or decreases the agricultural technology adoption capacity of smallholder peri-urban farmers. Households were clustered into displaced and non-displaced, and data were collected from 341 households, 101 of whom were displaced and 240 households were non-displaced. Descriptive statistics and econometric model were employed to explore the role of urban expansion in technology adoption of smallholder peri-urban farmers. The multivariate probit result shows that urban expansion decreases the tendency of displaced smallholder peri-urban farmers to participate in irrigation and adoption of a generator but urban expansion does not increase or decrease displaced households’ tendency to adopt beehive and practice row sawing. Generally, urban expansion decreases the affinity of smallholder peri-urban farmers to adopt agricultural technologies. Therefore, policymakers, particularly the Bureau of Agriculture should intensively work and train displaced smallholder peri-urban farmers on the benefit of agricultural technologies to improve agricultural productivity and use the remaining plot of farmland sustainably. Besides strong monitoring and follow-up are required to avert the negative ramifications of development-induced displacement.","PeriodicalId":32740,"journal":{"name":"Caraka Tani Journal of Sustainable Agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41711503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Affecting the Participation of Sugarcane and Tobacco Farmers in Farmer Groups, Associations and Cooperatives in Indonesia","authors":"Rokhani Rokhani, Diana Fauziyah, A. Supriono, Y. Hariyati, S. Raharto, T. Hapsari, A. Adi, A. F. Khasan, M. Rondhi","doi":"10.20961/carakatani.v36i2.46817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v36i2.46817","url":null,"abstract":"The revitalization of farmer organizations has become the central paradigm in agricultural development. In Indonesia, increasing farmer participation in farmer groups, associations and cooperatives is the strategy to revitalize farmer organizations. This study aimed to determine the factors influencing farmers' participation in farmer groups, associations and cooperatives. This study employed data from the Sugarcane and Tobacco Plantation Farm Household Survey in 2014, consisting of 8,831 (70.73%) sugarcane farmers and 3,645 (29.27%) tobacco farmers. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors contributing to farmers' participation in each organization. The results showed that harvest area, access to extension and contract farming positively affect farmers’ participation in organizations. Farmers' age and education positively affect their participation in associations and cooperatives but do not significantly affect their group participation. Land tenure has an ununiform effect on farmer participation in each organization. Tenant farmers are less likely to participate in farmer groups and cooperatives, but they tend to participate in associations. Meanwhile, the owner farmers are less likely to join cooperatives. Government support positively influences farmer group participation, shows a negative effect on participation in associations and has a non-significant effect on participation in cooperatives. Finally, farmers' wealth gives a positive effect on their participation in cooperatives, a negative effect on their participation in associations and a non-significant effect on farmer groups. These results depict that farmer groups are more inclusive than cooperatives and associations.","PeriodicalId":32740,"journal":{"name":"Caraka Tani Journal of Sustainable Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47832737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the Different Soil Types on Chrysanthemum Cut Flower Quality","authors":"H. Shintiavira, E. Sulistyaningsih, A. Purwantoro, R. A. Wulandari","doi":"10.20961/carakatani.v36i2.50123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v36i2.50123","url":null,"abstract":"Cultivating annual crops in the high upland has the potential to increase avalanche and land erosion. Therefore, chrysanthemum extensification from high upland to medium upland can create sustainable agriculture. The differences between high upland and medium upland are microclimate and soil type. Meanwhile, the effect of soil type between the high upland and the medium upland on the chrysanthemum spray type quality is unknown. The study aimed to determine the effect of different soil types on the quality of chrysanthemums when planted in high upland. The study used a split plot design with two factors. The first factor was the type of soil, such as Andosol from the high upland and Latosol from the medium upland. The second factor was the chrysanthemum varieties, such as Yastayuki (white flower), Arosuka Pelangi (yellow flower) and Socakawani (red flower). The results showed that both Andosol and Latosol soil types could produce the same quality of chrysanthemum in all varieties when planted in high upland. The quality aspects of chrysanthemum were the plant height, the stem diameter, the number of flowers and flower color. Consequently, we could extend the cultivation of chrysanthemum in medium upland by using Latosol type soil.","PeriodicalId":32740,"journal":{"name":"Caraka Tani Journal of Sustainable Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43610269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Marketing Margins and Farmers’ Shares on Corn in Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia","authors":"H. S. P. Rahayu, M. Dewi, M. Abid","doi":"10.20961/carakatani.v36i2.49409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v36i2.49409","url":null,"abstract":"An increase in corn productivity is not always followed by an increase in farmer income and welfare. The sustainability of farms must be supported by its economic viability including the marketing aspect. This study aimed to analyze the marketing of corn in Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. This research applied qualitative and quantitative methods. Marketing channel and marketing margin were analyzed descriptively, while farmer share was analyzed quantitatively using variance analysis (ANOVA). The results have shown three types of corn marketing channels, namely: 1) channel I, consisting of farmers-consumers, 2) channel II, covering farmers-collectors, traders-retailers and traders-consumers and 3) channel III, including farmers-collectors and traders- feed industries. Channel II has the highest marketing margin, followed by channel III and I, respectively. The intermediaries determine marketing costs that affect marketing margin and farmers’ shares. Channel I has the highest farmers’ shares, followed by channel III and channel II, respectively. The results of the significant difference test have revealed a difference in farmers’ shares in the marketing channels; and hence, the choice of marketing channel significantly determines the farmers’ shares. Therefore, farmers should shorten the marketing chain and strengthen their bargaining position by activating groups. Meanwhile, the government can play an active role so that farmers can have an access to strengthening capital and marketing.","PeriodicalId":32740,"journal":{"name":"Caraka Tani Journal of Sustainable Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44835078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Production and Income Risks of Rainfed Lowland Farming: A Case Study in Maros Regency, Indonesia","authors":"A. Arifin, Muhammad Arsyad Biba, Syafiuddin Syafiuddin","doi":"10.20961/CARAKATANI.V36I2.47713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/CARAKATANI.V36I2.47713","url":null,"abstract":"Rainfed lowland farming production is generally lower than irrigated lowland rice due to area differentiation regional features. Rainfed lowland rice farming can only produce rice during the rainy season because lowland rice cannot be planted in the dry season. The purposes of this study are (1) to analyze the risk of production and income of rice farming in rainfed lowland farming and (2) to investigate the factors influencing the risk of rice farming in rainfed lowland farming. Data were collected from 100 respondents of rice farmers in four sub-districts in Maros Regency using the multi-stage cluster random sampling technique. The analysis of production and income risks were performed using multiple linear regression with the heteroscedastic method. The results have shown that rice farming in rainfed lowland farming poses a risk to production and income. The variables that significantly influence the rainfed lowland rice farming are land area, the number of seeds, the amount of urea fertilizer and the amount of pesticide. Farmers are required to manage risk by prioritizing the effectiveness and efficiency production factors as needed. Similarly the government is expected to assist farmers in maintaining the level of rice selling prices.","PeriodicalId":32740,"journal":{"name":"Caraka Tani Journal of Sustainable Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48297254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}