IRPN: Innovation & Industrial Organization (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Industry-University Collaboration and Commercializing Chinese Corporate Innovation","authors":"David H. Hsu, Po-Hsuan Hsu, Kaiguo Zhou, Tong Zhou","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3871101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3871101","url":null,"abstract":"We examine how industry-university collaboration (IUC) enhances the commercialization of corporate innovation using a comprehensive dataset of 93,303 industrial firms and 153 notable research universities in China. Measuring IUC with the occurrence and frequency of patents co-assigned to both firms and universities, we first document that firms with more IUC activities have better performance in commercializing their technology. Instrumental regressions, dynamic difference-in-differences analysis, and matched sample regressions all support a causal interpretation of the effect. Further evidence suggests that our results can be attributed to two channels through which firms benefit from IUC: knowledge acquisition and talent recruitment.","PeriodicalId":326921,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Industrial Organization (Topic)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128005408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design Rules, Volume 2: Chapter 12—The Planar Process and Moore's Law","authors":"Carliss Y. Baldwin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3868964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3868964","url":null,"abstract":"Moore’s Law is the prediction that transistor densities of semiconductor chips will double, speeds double, and prices drop by half approximately every eighteen months to two years. The Law lies at the heart of the high rates of technical change observed in the computer, communication and software industries during the last fifty years.<br><br>The purpose of this chapter is to explain the underpinnings of Moore’s Law and to assess whether the industry-wide rate of technical change is likely to continue. I first discuss the Law’s origin as an empirical observation and its grounding in the physics of semiconductors. I describe how the Law became established as a dynamic equilibrium among semiconductor manufacturers, and how it was challenged and reaffirmed several times. I explain how in the 1990s, the Law was institutionalized in series of an industry-wide roadmaps, which became self-fulfilling prophecies. I go on to describe the performance of semiconductor chips and companies in the five decades since the Law was first proposed. I end with a discussion of the physical limits that now constrain the operation of Moore’s Law and a description of other paths to improved performance that still remain to be explored.","PeriodicalId":326921,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Industrial Organization (Topic)","volume":"52 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126006249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Going Private Transactions and Firm Innovation: Evidence from Japanese Management Buy-outs","authors":"Takuya Kawanishi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3816462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3816462","url":null,"abstract":"This paper empirically examines the impact of exiting the stock market on corporate innovation activities using Japanese going private type MBO data. Difference-in-differences analysis in regression framework is implemented on panel data consisting of firms that conducted public-to-private MBO and matched firms. Also, hypotheses regarding ex-post firm innovation activities are tested using difference-in-difference-in-differences analysis. The results do not show significant effects of going private transactions on firm innovation activities among the whole MBO firms. However, I find that firms with low ex-ante debt ratios are suppressed in their ex-post innovation activities, which suggests the existence of debt overhang, where the increased debt caused by MBO inhibits innovation activities.","PeriodicalId":326921,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Industrial Organization (Topic)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125048589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovations in Di-Hydrate Phosphoric Acid Plant Design for the 2020s","authors":"J. Byrd","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3639134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3639134","url":null,"abstract":"Wet process phosphoric acid plant design is well known, secrets are few and far in-between. The most common design when looking at world-wide production is Di-Hydrate. There are reasons for this fact, but those merits are not discussed herein. Despite the ubiquity and maturity in the state of design, there are still innovations yet to come. Over the past few decades, many physical improvements to equipment have been made as well as advances in digital controls. These have changed the face of our plants both in efficiencies and capacities. Even with this maturity of the industry, and past advancements in processing, there is still room for improvement. This presentation will discuss some of the newer developments as well as discussing some of the barriers for further development.","PeriodicalId":326921,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Industrial Organization (Topic)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116956765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation Criteria Versus Firm Characteristics as Determinants of Public R&D Funding","authors":"Martin Thomas Falk, R. Svensson","doi":"10.1093/scipol/scaa032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scaa032","url":null,"abstract":"This study provides new empirical evidence regarding the relevance of evaluation criteria and firm characteristics for public R&amp;D funding decisions. The database used contains both accepted and rejected R&amp;D project proposals, project evaluation scores and several firm characteristics. The probit estimations show that proposals with high scores on innovative content, spillover and knowledge gain are significantly more likely to be approved and that most firm-level characteristics are not significant, except for firm size. For example, good or very good assessments of innovative content raise the acceptance probability by between 18 and 37 percentage points, respectively. Small firms are more likely to receive a grant.","PeriodicalId":326921,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Industrial Organization (Topic)","volume":"363 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134355948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advantage of Laterite Over Clay in the Manufacture of Compressed Stabilized Earth Bricks (CSEBs)","authors":"Priji E. Moses, Dr M. P. Chockalingam, Dr. R. Venkatakrishnaiah, P. Dayakar","doi":"10.34218/ijaret.11.1.2020.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34218/ijaret.11.1.2020.007","url":null,"abstract":"Compressive strength characteristics and Rate of Water Absorption are the two important factors in the choice of soil types for the manufacture of Compressed Stabilised Earth blocks. Cement was used as the stabilizing agent in Laterite soil, in the ratio of cement : soil= 1 : 10. Similar proportion was used in the Clay Soil mix. After thoroughly mixing the soil mass, with sufficient quantity of water for each set of specimens, casting of blocks was carried out using standard moulds. Compaction is done at 14.0MPa, 21.0 MPa and 28.0MPa. The compressed Stabilised Earth Blocks are born. After removing the blocks from the mould, curing is done as per standard procedures. Tests were conducted on the specimens for i) Compressive strength, and ii) Moisture Absorption rate. The compressive strengths were achievable on the 28th day of Curing Age, was 7.45 N/sq.mm at 28.0 MPa of compaction in the case of Laterite Block, and 5.05 N/sq.mm, in the case of Clay Block. The rate of Moisture Absorption was 14.95% on the 28th day, at a compaction of 28.0MPa, in the Laterite Block. The corresponding Moisture Absorption rate in Clay Block was 21.05%. Laterite Blocks give a compressive strength of 7.45 N/sq.mm, and Clay Blocks give a compressive strength of 5.05 N/sq.mm, when 10% cement is added and a compaction of 28.0MPa is applied, in both cases, in the manufacturing process.","PeriodicalId":326921,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Industrial Organization (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121023216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Productivity Drag from Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Japan","authors":"Mariana Colacelli, G. Hong","doi":"10.5089/9781498317474.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781498317474.001","url":null,"abstract":"Productivity growth in Japan, as in most advanced economies, has moderated. This paper finds supportive evidence for the important role of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in explaining Japan’s modest productivity growth. Results show a substantial dispersion in firm-level productivity growth across sectors and even across firms within the same sector. SMEs, on average, exhibit lower productivity growth than non-SMEs in Japan, with smaller and older SMEs showing particularly low productivity growth. Estimates suggest that boosting productivity growth in all of the worst-performing SMEs could improve overall productivity growth by up to 1.8 percentage points. The SME credit guarantee system, SME financing constraints, demographic factors, and lack of intangible capital investment are discussed as contributors to the slow productivity growth of Japan’s small and old SMEs.","PeriodicalId":326921,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Industrial Organization (Topic)","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116055110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Blockchain Solve the Hold-Up Problem for Shared Databases?","authors":"C. Barrera, Stephanie Hurder","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3393851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3393851","url":null,"abstract":"Consortium and industry-wide databases can help enterprises transact more efficiently, reduce redundancies in recording and transmitting information, and help identify profitable patterns and trends. Despite the fact that consortium and industry-wide databases are technologically feasible and can provide tremendous value, in practice they often do not succeed. One cause of this is an economic issue called the hold-up problem. The hold-up problem occurs when organizations are reluctant to make investments in tools or skills in order to join a collaboration, because those investments make them vulnerable to opportunism by collaboration partners. Blockchain can provide the economic structure for organizations to enter shared databases without fear of being victim to the hold-up problem. In this whitepaper, we illustrate through case studies the underlying economic drivers of the hold-up problem, levers by which it can be reduced, and the path forward for complementary research in technological standards and consortium governance.","PeriodicalId":326921,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Industrial Organization (Topic)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123554452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Mediating Role of Innovation in Knowledge Process Outsourcing","authors":"Zuoming Liu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3341080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3341080","url":null,"abstract":"Conducting knowledge process outsourcing (KPO) for sophisticated global clients is a learning curve and a complex journey that many emerging market-based service providers must navigate. In this study we establish a mediating framework, arguing that a KPO service provider’s internal and external knowledge process integration enhance its competitive performance through firm-level and product-level innovation. Drawing on the theories of organizational learning and dynamic capabilities, our empirical analysis of 205 KPO firms based in India suggests that the impact a KPO service provider’s knowledge process integration on performance is mediated through its firm-level and product-level innovation. This study contributes to the much-needed efforts in studying KPO, a new and fast-growing cross-border professional service activity, and provides helpful managerial implications to practicing global clients and offshore PSO service providers on how to successfully manage the outsourcing process to achieve expected benefits.","PeriodicalId":326921,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Industrial Organization (Topic)","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123438331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contributions to the Stirling Engine Study","authors":"F. Petrescu","doi":"10.3844/ajeassp.2018.1258.1292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2018.1258.1292","url":null,"abstract":"In the process of transforming thermal energy into mechanical work, among the known thermal machines, the Stirling engine is the one that can achieve the highest yield (theoretically up to the maximum yield of the Carnot cycle), although in practice it is reduced by the properties of gas and materials used such as friction coefficient, thermal conductivity, melting point, breaking strength, plastic deformation, etc. This type of engine can operate on the basis of a heat source irrespective of its quality, whether it is solar, chemical, nuclear, biological, etc. Unlike internal combustion engines, the Stirling engines can be economical, quieter, safer and less maintenance-free. They are preferred in specific applications where these advantages are reaped, especially if the main objective is not to minimize investment costs per unit of power (RON/kW) but to those per unit of energy (RON/kWh). Compared to internal combustion engines of a given power, the Stirling engines require higher capital expenditure, are larger and heavier, for which reason, viewed from this point of view, this technology is uncompetitive. For some applications, however, a sound analysis of the earnings-to-revenue ratio may favor Stirling engines versus internal combustion engines. More recently, Stirling's benefits have become visible compared to rising energy costs, lack of energy resources and environmental issues such as climate change. Increasing interest in Stirling engine technology has spurred research and development in this area lately. Uses a range of water pumping to astronautics and power generation based on rich sources of energy incompatible with internal combustion engines such as solar energy, or plant and animal scraps. In this respect, the four-stroke four-stroke engine type Stirling is the most advantageous, being driven continuously from the piston. For this reason, it has a stranger load feature, which is said to be inappropriate for car use (the more crankshaft driven crankshaft, although having less mechanical efficiency, have a much longer stable and respond quickly to changes in the working regimes required by a vehicle, especially due to the large inertial help of the shaft, plus the steering wheel, which are more \"nerve-wise\" and therefore more dynamic). This can, however, be easily corrected in Stirling engines by using multiple cylinders simultaneously, trapped on the same shaft (multi-cylinder Stirling), the shaft having a high inertia, which can be further enhanced by -a wheel. Even though the cylinders work most of the time in motor regimes, they are permanently connected to the output shaft which must have a very high inertia in construction, the movement at the output of the motor being picked from the shaft.","PeriodicalId":326921,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Industrial Organization (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129590505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}