ERN: Institutions & Corruption (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Beneficial Ownership Verification: Ensuring the Truthfulness and Accuracy of Registered Ownership Information","authors":"Andres Knobel","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3320600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3320600","url":null,"abstract":"In a world where billion-dollar corruption and money laundering schemes can travel through developed countries’ financial institutions undetected, the only chance for any country’s authorities to successfully address financial crime is to apply cutting edge technology for crime detection. At the core of the fight against illicit financial flows is authorities’ ability to verify the identity of the beneficial owners who control the world’s companies and trusts. Applying advanced analytics and inter-connecting ownership registries is the only way to make sure legitimate businesses flourish, while preventing the abuse of legal vehicles that rob countries off their resources and erode trust in democracy and state institutions. This will also be good for real businesses. By helping businesses easily and effectively check their supply chains and the companies they work with business can better prevent sanctioning risks to their reputation for having engaged with the wrong people.<br><br>Section 1 of this report briefly reviews the concept and importance of beneficial ownership. It describes countries’ contradictory or insufficient measures in relation to beneficial ownership transparency needed to address illicit financial flows related to corruption, money laundering or the financing of terrorism. Section 2 refers to all the relevant data on beneficial ownership that should be collected in the first place to allow for verification. It summarizes the definitions of beneficial ownership depending on the various types of legal vehicles and their combination. It lists all details that should be collected and it adds new innovative proposals for ensuring registered beneficial ownership is accurate and easier to verify. Section 3 and 4 are the core of this paper and describe the IT system that governments should establish to automatically cross-check and verify beneficial ownership information, both in terms of validity (section 3) as well as advanced analytics for redflagging purposes (section 4). Section 5 discusses issues relating to costs and sanctions for noncompliance.","PeriodicalId":326708,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & Corruption (Topic)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129602303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The New Face of People Power: An Exploratory Study on the Potential of Social Media for Combating Corruption in Indonesia","authors":"H. Prabowo, R. Hamdani, Zuraidah Mohd Sanusi","doi":"10.14453/AABFJ.V12I3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14453/AABFJ.V12I3.3","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is based on the authors’ study to assess the current state of anti-corruption movement in Indonesia. The main purpose of this study is to explore the potential of social media to be used as an effective tool in combating corruption in public sector. To achieve its objectives this study applies multiple behavioral perspectives in assessing the corruption problem in the Indonesian public sector. This study is of qualitative exploratory nature in which the authors utilized a mixed methods approach comprising of a systematic literature review, archival and data analysis, and case studies on corruption in the Indonesian public sector to assess the potential of social media to be used as an anti-corruption measure. This study also uses the Social Network Analysis (SNA) to illustrate the potential of social media as a means for citizens to participate in an anti-corruption movement in Indonesia. Overall, this study demonstrates that the growth and development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in Indonesia has had a profound effect on how people interact with each other by, among other things, using social media platforms. Such interaction includes discussions and dissemination of news and information related to corruption. As the conventional punishment oriented approaches have not had a lot of success in mitigating the corruption problem in Indonesia, engaging citizens to actively participate in the anti-corruption movement may increase the chance of success in eradicating corruption in the future.","PeriodicalId":326708,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & Corruption (Topic)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122360783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tolerable Level of Corruption for Foreign Direct Investment in Europe and Asia","authors":"A. Abotsi","doi":"10.5709/CE.1897-9254.277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5709/CE.1897-9254.277","url":null,"abstract":"In 2009, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows to developed countries experienced the largest decline among all regions and sub-regions. However, South, East and Southeast Asia showed the smallest decline among developing economies and remained the largest recipient of FDI inflows. Meanwhile, approximately 68% of the countries in Asia scored less than the tolerable level of corruption for investment (TLCI) in Africa (-0.27) over recent years. Moreover, corruption has been observed to be significant in virtually all Asian countries, but, despite this, the region remains the number one global investment destination. This study, therefore, estimates the TLCI in Asia and Europe to enable comparison across these regions. Secondary data from the World Development Indicators were used in this study. The frequency of the data is annual, and it is available from 1996 to 2013. The dynamic panel data estimation technique was deployed while controlling for other variables. The estimated TLCIs for Europe and Asia are 0.534 and -0.735, respectively, on the control of corruption scale, which ranges from approximately -2.5 (weak) to 2.5 (strong). Despite the lower TLCI in Asia, the region is still able to attract relatively more FDI inflow than Africa. This scenario may be attributed to the presence of sound policy factors that drive FDI inflows. Another reason may be due to the nature, scope, social role and the perception of corruption across these regions.","PeriodicalId":326708,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & Corruption (Topic)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117185362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coffee, Donuts, and Contracts: The Community Interplay of Business and Government Agencies and the Execution of Public Policy","authors":"Shon R. Hiatt, Jin Hyung Kim","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3225906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3225906","url":null,"abstract":"Although management studies suggest that firms seek to enhance their outcomes by influencing government officials, evidence on the efficacy of their efforts is mixed. We propose that these inconsistent findings could result in part from research that has overlooked the role of the administrative state and how local community relations between firms and government agencies influence the implementation of government policy. Using government contract data from the United States Department of Defense, we examine how community embeddedness between firms and government agencies influences the outcomes of firms by increasing information exchange and enhancing rapport between firms’ employees and agency officials. The findings show that when firms and the contracting office are located in the same community (co-located), the relative size of awarded contracts increases; the results also reveal that this effect varies depending on the geographic distance between the firm and government agency, the similarity of community logics, and agency discretion.","PeriodicalId":326708,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & Corruption (Topic)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126539035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State Level Corruption: An Empirical Study of the Effects of State Level Corruption on Firm Performance in the United States","authors":"Neal Willcott","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3212154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3212154","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past 30 years considerable work scrutiny has been undertaken in the area of corruption and its effect on many facets of society. In business, efforts to measure corruption have been frequently debated and models have been proposed to reflect different firm characteristics in the presence of corruption. Based on these measures, research usually considers single variable measures over time, generally cross-nationally. This study constructs a new model incorporating multiple different variables working in concert over the period from 2000-2015, to postulate a variety of different relationships and firm characteristics at the state level in the United States. In doing so, the model is constructed to limit biases that a single variable can have on the data. The model analyzes state level firm financial performance by utilizing ROA and Tobin’s Q as well as comparing high corruption state data to low corruption state data. The study finds that the presence of corruption increases the firm’s financial performance at the state level. These data are then used to conduct univariate testing with Ordinary Least Squares modelling to examine fixed firm effects as well as time lagged data. Significance is found to hold for these constraints and that firm financial performance is enhanced in high corruption states for most of the sample constructs. Supplementary models are subsequently constructed to test the robustness against significant economic events and legislative changes. The model is found to provide additional evidence when these tests are applied, thereby maintaining significance. The evidence from these tests are discussed and the conclusion reached is that corruption provides the opportunity for firms to enhance their financial performance, particularly for large firms, value firms, and firms with low leverage. It is also concluded that the benefits in performance from corruption are more beneficial in the short term.","PeriodicalId":326708,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & Corruption (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129737359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Bundling of Foreign Bribery Cases","authors":"B. Hock","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3157532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3157532","url":null,"abstract":"This article is the first that discusses how national enforcement authorities have been using bundling, meaning tying or rolling up a number of things together, to settle with corporations over multiple bribery allegations. These settlements rely on some allegedly illegal acts that defendants would likely reject to settle if they were to decide on them separately. In this context, our understanding of what constitutes and should constitute a foreign bribery case is limited. The article shows that anti-bribery bundling is part of a broad trend that allows, in some cases, the United States (US) enforcement authorities to enforce foreign anti-bribery laws extraterritorially. This trend is illustrated on cases in which the US enforcement authorities punished companies headquartered in Europe for their operations outside the US. The article concludes with a discussion of the significant implications the extraterritoriality of bundling has for foreign anti-bribery law theory and policy.","PeriodicalId":326708,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & Corruption (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131240475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Popularity Shocks and Political Selection","authors":"F. Cavalcanti, Gianmarco Daniele, Sergio Galletta","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3141242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3141242","url":null,"abstract":"We observe that popularity shocks are crucial for electoral accountability beyond their effects on voters' behaviors. By focusing on Brazilian politics, we show that the disclosure of audit reports on the (mis)use of federal funds by local administrators affects the type of candidates who stand for election. When the audit finds low levels of corruption, the parties supporting the incumbent select less-educated candidates. On the contrary, parties pick more-educated candidates when the audit reveals a high level of corruption. These effects are stronger in municipalities that have easier access to local media.","PeriodicalId":326708,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & Corruption (Topic)","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126579487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Rising of De Facto Power: China Evidence","authors":"Ellen Jin Jiang, Xian Sun, Z. Hua","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3152631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3152631","url":null,"abstract":"Using the anti-corruption campaign launched in China in 2012, we examine how the rise of the economic presence of the private sector impacts economic activities and outcome. Although the economic activities may be temporarily inversely impacted by the campaign because some government officials are less motivated to make economic decisions to avoid any chance of making “mistakes”, industries located in provinces with higher presence of the private sector may be impacted less. We conjecture that the private sector has possessed greater de facto power through the economic resources accumulation during the rapid economic growth and therefore may have pushed for changes in economic/political policies in favor of its interest. Thus, as the role of the political institution in making economic decisions become suddenly weakened because of anti-corruption campaign, the economic activities of these provinces with higher de facto power are less impacted. Controlling for province, industry, and year fixed effects, we find that while the growth of the industry gross output value reduces after the campaign, the businesses located in provinces with higher de facto power are less impacted. We further conjecture that not all economic presence necessarily leads to the rising of de facto power in the private sector. In highly regulated industries where the government desires to retain the controlling influence, the private sector has little chance of pushing for policies in favor of its interest. We find that the mitigation effect of the de facto power on economic slowdown is particularly driven by the non-regulated industries.","PeriodicalId":326708,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & Corruption (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130137069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corruption and National Security","authors":"V. Terziev, Marin Petkov","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3142894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3142894","url":null,"abstract":"This work researches the dependency national security - corruption. In view of security the significant fact is that the resulting vulnerable environment is favourable grounds for building positions of being impacted by foreign services, economic and other subjects with which to impact the process of making decisions that are important to the country in direction that does not correspond to the national interest. We have analysed in detail corruption’s impact onto the central authorities, the local authorities, the judicial authorities and the economy of the country.","PeriodicalId":326708,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & Corruption (Topic)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115128815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Corruption on FDI and Its Modes of Entry","authors":"H. Luu, N. Nguyen, H. Ho, Nam T. Vu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3043758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3043758","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the impact of corruption on foreign direct investment (FDI) and its two major modes of entry: greenfield investment (greenfield) and cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As).\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Data are collected from 131 countries. Modern econometric techniques, including the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator, two-stage least square estimator and two-step system GMM estimator, are used to evaluate the impact of corruption on FDI activities.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The empirical results illustrate that corruption is a deterioration factor that significantly hinders FDI inflows. However, this finding turns out to be contradictory when the two major components of FDI – greenfield investment and cross-border M&As – are separately examined. Specifically, while corruption consistently discourages cross-border M&As over time, it appears to exert positive effect on greenfield investments.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This is among the first to empirically examine the impact of corruption on FDI and its modes of entry in a number of countries spanning different time windows. In this sense, this paper also captures the changing nature of societies and economic conditions overtime and, therefore, enable academic researchers, policy-makers and business practitioners to draw broad inferences from the empirical results.\u0000","PeriodicalId":326708,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & Corruption (Topic)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129429298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}