J. Cetacean Res. Manage.最新文献

{"title":"A new method to detect illegal oil use and estimate mortality rates of endangered Ganges river dolphins based on Clupisoma fish catches","authors":"N. Kelkar, Subhasis Dey","doi":"10.47536/jcrm.v25i1.952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v25i1.952","url":null,"abstract":"Gillnet entanglement is a major threat to endangered small cetacean species around the world, including Ganges river dolphins (Platanista gangetica). While conservation efforts have helped to reduce the prevalence of targeted hunts, bycatch still occurs. A serious concern is the illegal opportunistic exploitation of bycaught river dolphins to evade detection and potential penalties, where oil is extracted from the blubber and illegally traded as bait for catfish (Clupisoma garua). While this threat is well known, enforcement is weak and evidence difficult to collect as the molecular analyses required to confirm the use of dolphin oil are expensive and time‐intensive. Simpler detection methods are therefore needed to help improve enforcement. We developed a new visual test and decision‐making process to help identify the use of dolphin oil while fishing for catfish, which draws on a common understanding among local fishers that oil‐baited fish appear paler/whiter than net‐caught fish. We conducted colour analyses and visual‐perception tests, combining these results with other variables, such as catch weight, sale price and season, to identify a set of rules which can be used to determine the use of dolphin oil in a sampled catch. Based on our predicted oil‐use prevalence, we estimated that five to seven dolphins (~4% of the population in our study area) may be exploited each year to support catches landed at one of two sites in our study area. This system therefore provides a simple and efficient tool to identify instances of illegal exploitation of Ganges river dolphins.","PeriodicalId":326407,"journal":{"name":"J. Cetacean Res. Manage.","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141683946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sightings of dwarf minke whales in the Southern Hemisphere during the SOWER cruises","authors":"Hidehiro Kato, Koji Matsuoka, Gen Nakamura, Peter B. Best","doi":"10.47536/jcrm.v4i1.1047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v4i1.1047","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines sightings of dwarf minke whales during the SOWER cruises. A total of 12 sightings were made between 1994/95 and 2003/04, across a relatively wide latitude (37°S–62°S) but limited longitude, between IWC Management Area III (0–70°E) and V (130°E–170°W), with no sightings in Area I (0–60°W) or II (60°W–120°W). Despite this low number of sightings, most were close to the Antarctic Convergence at 58°S–65°S. There may be some seasonality in their southbound migration.","PeriodicalId":326407,"journal":{"name":"J. Cetacean Res. Manage.","volume":"28 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140753191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update on the status of gray whales since the 2020 Implementation Review","authors":"Jonathan Scordino, John W. Bickham, John R. Brandon, Robert L. Brownell, Alexander Burdin, Thomas Doniol-Valcroze, Tomoharu Eguchi, G. Givens, Aimée R. Lang, Dennis I. Litovka, Gen Nakamura, André E. Punt, Joshua D. Stewart, Jorge Urbán R., David W. Weller","doi":"10.47536/jcrm.v25i1.942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v25i1.942","url":null,"abstract":"The International Whaling Commission’s Scientific Committee conducts regular Implementation Reviews (IRs) of the biology, threats and status of whale species subject to aboriginal subsistence whaling. The last IR of plans for hunting eastern North Pacific (ENP) gray whales by the Chukotka Natives of the Russian Federation and the Makah Tribe of the United States of America occurred in 2020. This paper presents a review of new scientific findings on gray whales to assess whether the current status of the stock(s) is within the parameter space tested in the 2020 IR. Updated information on gray whale stock structure hypotheses, abundance and calf productivity, health and strandings, human removals by hunting and non‐hunting sources, population growth rates, immigration into the Pacific Coast Feeding Group, parameterisation of the Makah hunt, and future episodic mortality events (EMEs) were reviewed for this assessment. For almost all factors, it appears that the current dynamics of the ENP gray whale population are within the parameter space evaluated in 2020 IR. The exception is that EMEs affecting whales in the ENP are occurring more frequently and at a greater magnitude than previously evaluated. However, preliminary evaluations suggest that the performances of the Gray Whale Strike Limit Algorithm (SLA) and Makah Management Plan are robust to recent and future EMEs of Northern Feeding Group gray whales and reductions of productivity of the Pacific Coast Feeding Group, at least under the initial parameterisations. We therefore conclude that there is no compelling need for a Special IR prior to the next scheduled IR in 2026, while noting that additional abundance data for 2022/23 and 2023/24 analysed after drafting this paper could strengthen or weaken the evidence for this conclusion.","PeriodicalId":326407,"journal":{"name":"J. Cetacean Res. Manage.","volume":"20 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140374640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of biopsy sampling experiments and studies of stock structure, phylogeny and taxonomy of large whales based on samples obtained on SOWER cruises","authors":"Luis Pastene","doi":"10.47536/jcrm.v4i1.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v4i1.121","url":null,"abstract":"A summary is presented of biopsy sampling conducted during the SOWER programme between 1978/79–2009/10, involving 32 Antarctic cruises and three low latitude cruises, and studies of stock structure, phylogeny and taxonomy of large whales based on the genetic data obtained. While sampling began during the 1988/89 Antarctic cruise, sampling systems have since been developed and improved. The greatest numbers of biopsy samples obtained came from humpback and blue whales. Genetic analysis of these samples has contributed to our understanding of humpback whale stock structure in feeding grounds and the connection between whales in low‐latitude breeding grounds and high‐latitude feeding grounds. Genetic analysis of blue whale samples from the Antarctic and off Australia, Madagascar and Chile has contributed to our understanding of population genetic structure of pygmy blue whale stocks and between pygmy and Antarctic blue whales. While a relatively large number of samples were obtained from southern right whales, mainly in Area IV, genetic data have yet to be generated. The numbers obtained from other species, such as fin, sei, Bryde’s, Antarctic minke and sperm whales, were small. However, in some cases, they have been used to complement population genetic studies based on larger sample sizes from other sources. The samples are an important legacy of the SOWER programme and provide a valuable archive of genetic diversity and population structure of great whales in the Southern Ocean. These efforts should continue because: (a) the Antarctic is an area where large‐whale recovery has occurred after severe human exploitation; (b) the area is highly inaccessible without this kind of collaborative platform; and (c) biopsy samples are potentially useful for other studies, such as analysis of pollutants, stable isotopes, fatty acids and epigenetic ageing. In addition to the biological information obtained, the cruises provided important platforms for the development of biopsy sampling systems in the Antarctic and low latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere, and as a means of training scientists in the application of these systems.","PeriodicalId":326407,"journal":{"name":"J. Cetacean Res. Manage.","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140078040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of the SOWER cruise circumpolar acoustic survey data and analyses of Antarctic blue whale calls","authors":"F. Shabangu, Kathleen M. Stafford, Ken P. Findlay, Shannon Rankin, Don Ljungblad, Yasunari Tsuda, Laura Morse, Christopher W. Clark, Hidehiro Kato, P. Ensor","doi":"10.47536/jcrm.v4i1.1040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v4i1.1040","url":null,"abstract":"The International Whaling Commission (IWC) carried out blue whale research within its annual Southern Ocean Whale and Ecosystem Research (SOWER) cruises between 1996 and 2010. Over 700 sonobuoys were deployed to record blue whale vocalisations during 11 Antarctic and three low‐latitude blue whale cruises off Australia, Madagascar and Chile. The recorded acoustic files from Antarctic deployments were collated and reviewed to develop a database of digital acoustic files and the associated deployment station metadata of 7,486 acoustic files from 484 stations. Acoustic files were analysed using the automated detection template and visual verification method. We found a significant difference between the total number of acoustic recording hours (2,481) reported in the associated cruise reports and the currently available number of acoustic recording hours (1,541). Antarctic blue whale vocalisations (9,315 D‐calls and 24,902 Z‐calls) were detected on 4,183 out of the total 7,486 acoustic files. December had the lowest call rates; January and February yielded high call rates. While most sonobuoys (63%) were deployed between 1800hrs and 0600hrs, the majority of calls (62%) were detected during observation periods between 0600hrs and 1800hrs. The difference between the available and reported data is a significant concern. Reconciliation of these and any future IWC acoustic data is strongly recommended.","PeriodicalId":326407,"journal":{"name":"J. Cetacean Res. Manage.","volume":"55 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139844505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The SOWER programme in the Antarctic: Background, aims and objectives","authors":"P. B. Best, S. Ohsumi, H. Kato, G. P. Donovan","doi":"10.47536/jcrm.v4i1.1038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v4i1.1038","url":null,"abstract":"The International Whaling Commission (IWC) imposed limits on the catch of Antarctic minke whales close to the start of commercial whaling in the 1970s. These management efforts were hampered by the challenge of obtaining robust estimates of population size. Contemporary whale assessments largely relied on measuring changes in availability as a result of exploitation – usually catch per unit effort (CPUE). However, this approach was largely impractical for Antarctic minke whales due to: (a) the short time series of CPUE data; (b) the setting of relatively conservative catch limits, so that changes in CPUE due to exploitation were difficult to detect; and (c) the possibility that abundance had been increasing before this time due to over‐exploitation of other baleen whales. The IWC initiated a series of assessment cruises in 1978 designed to obtain abundance estimates for targeted management areas in the Antarctic. Designed by the IWC’s Scientific Committee, these cruises were independent of whaling operations. The vessels were chartered whale catchers provided by Japan for the duration of the programme – and by the Soviet Union for a period of seven years. With the eventual participation of 86 scientists from 16 IWC member states, this programme became a key part of the International Decade of Cetacean Research (IDCR), launched in 1975 as a response to the 1972 Stockholm Resolution that called for a 10‐year moratorium on commercial whaling and the intensification of research efforts. While originally planned as ‘Discovery’ marking and sighting cruises, the programme eventually relied almost exclusively on sighting methods. Lasting over 30 years and involving three circumnavigations of the Southern Ocean, it became one of the largest whale monitoring exercises ever undertaken.","PeriodicalId":326407,"journal":{"name":"J. Cetacean Res. Manage.","volume":"62 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139844258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Antarctic blue whale photo-ID data from the SOWER cruises: Capture-recapture estimates of abundance","authors":"Paula A. Olson, Douglas H. Kinzey","doi":"10.47536/jcrm.v4i1.1039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v4i1.1039","url":null,"abstract":"Photographs of Antarctic blue whales were collected as part of the IWC’s SOWER cruises from 1987/88 to 2008/09. Photo‐ID data from 15 cruises were used in a pilot study that conducted capture‐recapture analysis to produce estimates of super‐population abundance for the circumpolar Antarctic from 1992/93 to 2008/09 and for IWC Management Area III from 2004/05 to 2006/07. The circumpolar estimates are 3,178 (95% CI 534 to 24,239) Antarctic blue whales (left‐side photographs) and 1,109 (95% CI 451 to 3,215) (right‐side photographs) for the years 1991/92 to 2008/09. Estimates of super‐population abundance for Area III are 1,318 (95% CI 515 to 3,716) (left‐side photographs) and 939 (95% CI 421 to 2,323) (right‐side photographs). The SOWER photo‐ID database provides a starting point for improved estimates of population trends in the future as photographs of new individuals and additional recaptures of Antarctic blue whales are obtained.","PeriodicalId":326407,"journal":{"name":"J. Cetacean Res. Manage.","volume":"81 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139784584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Antarctic blue whale photo-ID data from the SOWER cruises: Capture-recapture estimates of abundance","authors":"Paula A. Olson, Douglas H. Kinzey","doi":"10.47536/jcrm.v4i1.1039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v4i1.1039","url":null,"abstract":"Photographs of Antarctic blue whales were collected as part of the IWC’s SOWER cruises from 1987/88 to 2008/09. Photo‐ID data from 15 cruises were used in a pilot study that conducted capture‐recapture analysis to produce estimates of super‐population abundance for the circumpolar Antarctic from 1992/93 to 2008/09 and for IWC Management Area III from 2004/05 to 2006/07. The circumpolar estimates are 3,178 (95% CI 534 to 24,239) Antarctic blue whales (left‐side photographs) and 1,109 (95% CI 451 to 3,215) (right‐side photographs) for the years 1991/92 to 2008/09. Estimates of super‐population abundance for Area III are 1,318 (95% CI 515 to 3,716) (left‐side photographs) and 939 (95% CI 421 to 2,323) (right‐side photographs). The SOWER photo‐ID database provides a starting point for improved estimates of population trends in the future as photographs of new individuals and additional recaptures of Antarctic blue whales are obtained.","PeriodicalId":326407,"journal":{"name":"J. Cetacean Res. Manage.","volume":"60 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139844437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The SOWER programme in the Antarctic: Background, aims and objectives","authors":"P. B. Best, S. Ohsumi, H. Kato, G. P. Donovan","doi":"10.47536/jcrm.v4i1.1038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v4i1.1038","url":null,"abstract":"The International Whaling Commission (IWC) imposed limits on the catch of Antarctic minke whales close to the start of commercial whaling in the 1970s. These management efforts were hampered by the challenge of obtaining robust estimates of population size. Contemporary whale assessments largely relied on measuring changes in availability as a result of exploitation – usually catch per unit effort (CPUE). However, this approach was largely impractical for Antarctic minke whales due to: (a) the short time series of CPUE data; (b) the setting of relatively conservative catch limits, so that changes in CPUE due to exploitation were difficult to detect; and (c) the possibility that abundance had been increasing before this time due to over‐exploitation of other baleen whales. The IWC initiated a series of assessment cruises in 1978 designed to obtain abundance estimates for targeted management areas in the Antarctic. Designed by the IWC’s Scientific Committee, these cruises were independent of whaling operations. The vessels were chartered whale catchers provided by Japan for the duration of the programme – and by the Soviet Union for a period of seven years. With the eventual participation of 86 scientists from 16 IWC member states, this programme became a key part of the International Decade of Cetacean Research (IDCR), launched in 1975 as a response to the 1972 Stockholm Resolution that called for a 10‐year moratorium on commercial whaling and the intensification of research efforts. While originally planned as ‘Discovery’ marking and sighting cruises, the programme eventually relied almost exclusively on sighting methods. Lasting over 30 years and involving three circumnavigations of the Southern Ocean, it became one of the largest whale monitoring exercises ever undertaken.","PeriodicalId":326407,"journal":{"name":"J. Cetacean Res. Manage.","volume":"88 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139784472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of the SOWER cruise circumpolar acoustic survey data and analyses of Antarctic blue whale calls","authors":"F. Shabangu, Kathleen M. Stafford, Ken P. Findlay, Shannon Rankin, Don Ljungblad, Yasunari Tsuda, Laura Morse, Christopher W. Clark, Hidehiro Kato, P. Ensor","doi":"10.47536/jcrm.v4i1.1040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v4i1.1040","url":null,"abstract":"The International Whaling Commission (IWC) carried out blue whale research within its annual Southern Ocean Whale and Ecosystem Research (SOWER) cruises between 1996 and 2010. Over 700 sonobuoys were deployed to record blue whale vocalisations during 11 Antarctic and three low‐latitude blue whale cruises off Australia, Madagascar and Chile. The recorded acoustic files from Antarctic deployments were collated and reviewed to develop a database of digital acoustic files and the associated deployment station metadata of 7,486 acoustic files from 484 stations. Acoustic files were analysed using the automated detection template and visual verification method. We found a significant difference between the total number of acoustic recording hours (2,481) reported in the associated cruise reports and the currently available number of acoustic recording hours (1,541). Antarctic blue whale vocalisations (9,315 D‐calls and 24,902 Z‐calls) were detected on 4,183 out of the total 7,486 acoustic files. December had the lowest call rates; January and February yielded high call rates. While most sonobuoys (63%) were deployed between 1800hrs and 0600hrs, the majority of calls (62%) were detected during observation periods between 0600hrs and 1800hrs. The difference between the available and reported data is a significant concern. Reconciliation of these and any future IWC acoustic data is strongly recommended.","PeriodicalId":326407,"journal":{"name":"J. Cetacean Res. Manage.","volume":"25 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139784911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}