KDI Journal of Economic Policy最新文献_第10页

Declines in Exchange Rate Pass-through to Export Prices in Korea 汇率对韩国出口价格的传导下降

KDI Journal of Economic Policy Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.23895/kdijep.2009.31.2.235

이항용, 김현욱

引用次数: 2

조세,재정정책이 노동시장에 미치는 영향: 동태적 일반균형분석 税收，财政政策对劳动市场的影响:动态一般均衡分析

KDI Journal of Economic Policy Pub Date : 2008-12-31 DOI: 10.23895/KDIJEP.2008.30.2.185

김선빈, 장용성

{"title":"조세,재정정책이 노동시장에 미치는 영향: 동태적 일반균형분석","authors":"김선빈, 장용성","doi":"10.23895/KDIJEP.2008.30.2.185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23895/KDIJEP.2008.30.2.185","url":null,"abstract":"본 연구의 목적은 동태적 일반균형모형(dynamic stochastic general equilibrium)을 이용하여 노동소득세의 증가가 한국경제의 노동시장 및 주요 거시경제변수에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 증가된 세수를 일반보조금으로 사용하는 경우와 근로장려금으로 사용하는 경우로 나누어 분석한다. 본 연구에서 상정하는 모형경제의 특성은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 경제주체들의 생산성차이를 명시적으로 고려한, 이질적 가계로 이루어진 거시경제모형(heterogeneous agent macroeconomy model)이다. 둘째, 노동공급의 비분할성(indivisible labor)을 가정하여 조세·재정정책의 변화에 따른 노동시장 참여 여부에 대한 선택의 변화에 중점을 두어 정책의 효과를 분석한다. 셋째, 불완전 금융시장(incomplete markets)을 가정하여 개별 근로자들의 자신의 생산성이 변함으로 발생하는 소득과 취업상태의 변화에 대해 완벽하게 대처할 수 없다. 넷째, 일반균형모형을 상정하므로 정책의 변화로 인한 거시경제변수의 변화가 개별근로자의 의사결정에 미치는 영향까지도 분석할 수 있다. 세율상승으로 증가된 세수를 모든 사람에게 동등하게 분배하는 일반보조금정책의 경우 노동소득세율의 증가는 노동공급의 인센티브를 저하시켜 기본모형경제에 비해 취업률을 1% 정도 저하시킨다. 반면, 추가적인 세수를 저소득 취업근로자에게만 지급하는 근로장려금정책의 경우, 수혜대상자들의 노동의욕은 증가하는 반면, 고소득 취업자들의 경우 근로장려금의 혜택없이 추가적인 세금부담으로 인하여 노동의욕이 감소한다. 경제 전체적으로는 기본모형에 비해 최대 2.7% 정도의 취업률 증가효과를 가진다. 그러나 근로장려금의 수혜대상이 넓어질수록 일인당 지급되는 근로장려금의 액수가 작아져서 고용증대효과는 미미해지고 세율상승으로 인한 노동의욕 감소효과가 압도하게 되어 전반적인 취업률에는 별 영향을 미치지 못하게 된다. 전반적으로 근로장려금과 같은 근로자 지원정책은 경제 전체의 취업률을 유효하게 증대시킬 수 있음을 보여준다. 이는 최근 한국경제가 직면한 가장 심각한 경제·사회 문제 중의 하나인 저출산과 인구고령화 등으로 인한 노동공급 감소에 대처하는 유효한 정책대안으로 근로장려금정책을 이용할 수도 있음을 보여준다.","PeriodicalId":32627,"journal":{"name":"KDI Journal of Economic Policy","volume":"30 1","pages":"185-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68933492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

The Effect of the Degree of Competition of the Hospital Market Regions on Clinic's Rate of Antibiotics Prescription 医院市场区域竞争程度对临床抗生素处方率的影响

KDI Journal of Economic Policy Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.23895/KDIJEP.2008.30.2.129

C. Jo, J. Lim, Soo Yeon Lee

引用次数: 7

A Re-evaluation of Housing Wealth Effect in Korea 韩国住宅财富效应的再评价

KDI Journal of Economic Policy Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.23895/kdijep.2008.30.2.1

Jan R. Kim, Hangyong Lee

引用次数: 1

Macroeconomic Consequences of Pay-as-you-go Public Pension System 现收现付公共养老金制度的宏观经济后果

KDI Journal of Economic Policy Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.23895/KDIJEP.2008.30.2.225

Park Chang Gyun, 허석균

{"title":"Macroeconomic Consequences of Pay-as-you-go Public Pension System","authors":"Park Chang Gyun, 허석균","doi":"10.23895/KDIJEP.2008.30.2.225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23895/KDIJEP.2008.30.2.225","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze macroeconomic consequences of pay-as-you-go (PAYGO) public pension system with a simple overlapping generations model. Contrary to large body of existing literatures offering quantitative results based on simulation study, we take another route by adopting a highly simplified framework in search of qualitatively tractable analytical results. The main contribution of our results lies in providing a sound theoretical foundation that can be utilized in interpreting various quantitative results offered by simulation studies of large scale general equilibrium models. We present a simple overlapping generations model with a defined benefit(DB) PAYGO public pension system as a benchmark case and derive an analytical equilibrium solution utilizing graphical illustration. We also discuss the modifications of the benchmark model required to encompass a defined contribution(DC) public pension system into the basic framework. Comparative statics analysis provides three important implications; First, introduction and expansion of the PAYGO public pension, DB or DC, result in lower level of capital accumulation and higher expected rate of return on the risky asset. Second, it is shown that the progress of population aging is accompanied by lower capital stock due to decrease in both demand and supply of risky asset. Moreover, risk premium for risky asset increases(decreases) as the speed of population aging accelerates(decelerates) so that the possibility of so-called \"the great meltdown\" of asset market cannot be excluded although the odds are not high. Third, it is most likely that the switch from DB PAYGO to DC PAYGO would result in lower capital stock and higher expected return on the risky asset mainly due to the fact that the young generation regards DC PAYGO pension as another risky asset competing against the risky asset traded in the market. This theoretical prediction coincides with one of the firmly established propositions in empirical literature that the currently dominant form of public pension system has the tendency to crowd out private capital accumulation. 본 연구는 간단한 일반균형 중첩세대모 형을 사용하여 공적연금의 거시경제적 영 향에 대한 정성적(qualitative) 분석 결과 를 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이는 분 석적인(analytical) 방법으로 균형을 찾고 그 성질을 탐구하는 것이 불가능하여 다 양한 형태의 수치 분석적 기법을 동원하 는 기존 선행연구들이 제시하고 있는 정 량적(quantitative) 분석의 결과를 이론적 으로 해석할 수 있는 기제를 마련한다는 차원에서 의미를 가지는 것으로 평가된다. 본 연구는 우선 논의의 단순화를 위해 확 정급여(def ined benef i t )형 부과방식 (pay-as-you-go) 공적연금체제하의","PeriodicalId":32627,"journal":{"name":"KDI Journal of Economic Policy","volume":"30 1","pages":"225-270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68933519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Private Insurance on Medical Expenditure 民营保险对医疗支出的影响

KDI Journal of Economic Policy Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.23895/KDIJEP.2008.30.2.99

윤희숙

引用次数: 10

경제위기 이후 한국경제의 성장: 성장회계 및 성장회귀 분석 经济危机后韩国经济的增长:增长会计及增长回归分析

KDI Journal of Economic Policy Pub Date : 2008-06-30 DOI: 10.23895/KDIJEP.2008.30.1.33

Chinhee Hahn, Sukha Shin

引用次数: 0

A Study on the Optimal EITC Program 最优EITC方案研究

KDI Journal of Economic Policy Pub Date : 2008-06-01 DOI: 10.23895/KDIJEP.2008.30.1.131

유한욱

引用次数: 0

Impacts of Increasing Volatility of Profitability on Investment Behavior 盈利能力波动性增大对投资行为的影响

KDI Journal of Economic Policy Pub Date : 2008-06-01 DOI: 10.23895/KDIJEP.2008.30.1.1

임경묵

引用次数: 3

대공황에 대한 고등학교 사회과 교과서 서술의 문제점과 개선방안 高中社会科教科书叙述大萧条的问题和改善方案

KDI Journal of Economic Policy Pub Date : 2008-06-01 DOI: 10.23895/KDIJEP.2008.30.1.171

김두얼

{"title":"대공황에 대한 고등학교 사회과 교과서 서술의 문제점과 개선방안","authors":"김두얼","doi":"10.23895/KDIJEP.2008.30.1.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23895/KDIJEP.2008.30.1.171","url":null,"abstract":"The Great Depression is one of the most important economic incidents in the twentieth century. A significant and long-lasting impact of this event is the rise of the government intervention to the economy. Under the catastrophic downturn of the economic condition worldwide, people required their government to play an active role for economic recovery, and this mentalite prolonged even after the Second World War. Social science textbooks taught at Korean high schools mostly referred to the Great Depression for explaining the reason of government intervention in economy. However, the mainstream view commonly found in the textbooks provides a misleading theological interpretation. It argues that inherent flaws of the market economy causes over-production/under-consumption, and that this mismatch ends up with economic crisis. The chaotic situation was resolved by substitution of the governments for the market, and the New Deal was introduced as the monumental example (‘laissez-faire economy→over-production→the Great Depression→government intervention→economic recovery’). Based on economic historians’ researches for past three decades, I argue that this mainstream view commits the fallacy of ex-post justification. Unlike what the mainstream view claims, the Great Depression was neither the result of the ‘market failure’, nor the recovery from the Great Depression but was due to successful government policies. For substantiating this claim, I suggest three points. First, blaming the weakness or instability of the market economy as the cause of the Great Depression is groundless. Unlike what the textbooks describe, the rise of the U.S. stock price during the 1920s cannot be said as a bubble, and there was no sign of under-consumption during the 1920s. On the contrary, a new consensus emerging from the 1980s among economic historians illustrates that the Great Depression was originated from ‘the government failure’ rather than from the ‘market failure’. Policymakers of European countries tried to return to the gold standard regime before the First World War, but discrepancies between this policy and the reality made the world economy vulnerable. Second, the mainstream view identifies the New Deal as Keynesian interventionism and glorifies it for saving the U.S. economy from the crisis. However, this argument is not true. The New Deal was not Keynesian at all. What the U.S. government actually tried was not macroeconomic stabilization but price and quantity control. In addition, New Deal did not brought about economic recovery that people generally believe. Even after the New Deal, industrial production or employment level remained quite low until the late 1930s. Lastly, studies on individual New Deal policies show that they did not work as they were intended. For example, the National Industrial Recovery Act increased unemployment, and the Agricultural Adjustment Act expelled tenants from their land. Third, the mainstream view characterizes the economic ","PeriodicalId":32627,"journal":{"name":"KDI Journal of Economic Policy","volume":"57 1","pages":"171-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68933711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0