International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health最新文献

Antimicrobial Resistance in Cholera: A Need for Quick Intervention in Nigeria, West Africa 霍乱的耐药性：西非尼日利亚需要快速干预

International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health Pub Date : 2022-09-10 DOI: 10.34172/ijtmgh.2022.18

Abdulrakib Abdulrahim, R. Adesola

{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance in Cholera: A Need for Quick Intervention in Nigeria, West Africa","authors":"Abdulrakib Abdulrahim, R. Adesola","doi":"10.34172/ijtmgh.2022.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijtmgh.2022.18","url":null,"abstract":"Following the discovery and identification of Vibrio cholerae, cholera disease continues to be a burden on the global community, including Nigeria. In this article, we provide an inclusive review on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in cholera and the need for its quick interventions. Cholera spread over Asia and other continents, majorly because of poor hygiene practises since 1817, and still exists. This agent secretes a toxin called cholera toxin (CT) after ingestion of contaminated water and/or food, which adheres to the cells in the intestinal epithelial, leading to symptoms such as watery diarrhea, fever, and even death if not treated. Many antimicrobials such as tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and ampicillin, previously effective in cholera therapy, are now reported ineffective due to emerging and developing AMR strains of V. cholerae. AMR in cholera continues to be a major public health concern. Various outbreaks have been reported in Nigeria since the 1970s. This is as a result of the acquisition of resistance genes and/or mutation. Also, irrational usage of antibiotics by people. Promising approaches such as probiotics, vaccines, phage therapy, provision of safe water and proper hygiene are ways to avert the outbreak of cholera and resistant strains in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":32539,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41651371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Descriptive Analysis of Health Screening for COVID-19 at Points of Entry in Pakistan According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidelines 根据疾病控制和预防中心指南对巴基斯坦入境点新冠肺炎健康筛查的描述性分析

International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health Pub Date : 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.34172/ijtmgh.2022.20

Shamaila Usman, Afreen Sattar, K. Shahzad, Z. Baig, M. Khan, M. W. Malik, J. Ansari, Nosheen Ashraf

{"title":"Descriptive Analysis of Health Screening for COVID-19 at Points of Entry in Pakistan According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidelines","authors":"Shamaila Usman, Afreen Sattar, K. Shahzad, Z. Baig, M. Khan, M. W. Malik, J. Ansari, Nosheen Ashraf","doi":"10.34172/ijtmgh.2022.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijtmgh.2022.20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Points of entry (PoE) in Pakistan serve as key conduits for international travel, transport, and trade. Central Health Establishment (CHE) is a key stakeholder in the implementation of the International Health Regulations 2005 (IHR) core capacities at PoE and National Action Plan 2020 against COVID-19. A comprehensive screening plan for COVID-19 was carried out effectively despite limitations. Methods: A descriptive study on CDC guidelines for health screening at PoE was conducted from February 2020 to March 2021. Guidelines are based on 11 attributes to be implemented; these include legal and regulatory bodies to detain the travelers as suspect, isolate, and coordinate at PoEs, funds for screening, well-equipped quarantine facilities, referral health care facilities, protocols for primary and secondary screening, capacity building, supply of personal protective equipment and screening tools, and provision of basic facilities at isolation areas. Data were collected using both qualitative and quantitative methods from health officers and quarantine assistants of PoEs. The analysis of CHE’s information system was performed to assess the management of traveler surveillance. Results: Eleven attributes were addressed for health screening according to CDC guidelines and well implemented at PoE by CHE under the flagship of the MNHR&C. Primary health screening of 4,088,119 inbound travelers was conducted. Secondary health screening led to the referral of performed at airports for inbound travelers, with a positivity rate of 0.32. Conclusion: Preparedness and response for COVID-19 at PoE are in line with the National Action Plan of the Government of Pakistan and IHR (2005).","PeriodicalId":32539,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42584030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethnic Variation in the Association Between Objective and Subjective Health in Older Adults 老年人主观与客观健康关系的种族差异

International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health Pub Date : 2022-09-03 DOI: 10.34172/ijtmgh.2022.23

S. Assari, B. Najand, M. Bazargan

{"title":"Ethnic Variation in the Association Between Objective and Subjective Health in Older Adults","authors":"S. Assari, B. Najand, M. Bazargan","doi":"10.34172/ijtmgh.2022.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijtmgh.2022.23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The African Americans’ health paradox can be defined as better subjective health held of African American individuals compared to White individuals, despite their higher objective and medical adversities such as chronic medical conditions (CMCs). This phenomenon depicts African Americans’ relative resilience (advantage). However, most of the existing literature on this topic is limited to studies comparing African Americans and Whites. There is little research, if any, on this phenomenon among other ethnic groups. To fill this gap in the literature, this study tests the African Americans’ health paradox with consideration of Latinos as the control group. Methods: This cross-sectional study collected demographic data, socioeconomic status, CMCs, and subjective health of 734 African American and Latino older adults residing in south Los Angeles. Logistic regression was used for data analysis. Results: 118 Latino and 616 African Americans entered our study. Overall, a higher number of CMCs was associated with lower subjective health, however, a statistically significant interaction between ethnicity and the number of CMCs suggested that this association is weaker for African Americans than Latinos, which is the African American health paradox. Conclusion: African Americans with a higher number of CMCs report better subjective health compared to Latinos with the same number of CMCs. This finding is indicative of a relative advantage of African Americans compared to other ethnic groups.","PeriodicalId":32539,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47048789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of Polymorphisms of ACEII Gene in People With Coronavirus With Severe and Mild Symptoms or Asymptomatic 冠状病毒重症、轻症或无症状感染者ACEII基因多态性的研究

International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health Pub Date : 2022-08-11 DOI: 10.34172/ijtmgh.2022.22

Fatemeh Arab, Mozhdeh Jafari Rad, Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili, A. Mirhosseini, Mehran Moharreri, E. Saburi

{"title":"Investigation of Polymorphisms of ACEII Gene in People With Coronavirus With Severe and Mild Symptoms or Asymptomatic","authors":"Fatemeh Arab, Mozhdeh Jafari Rad, Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili, A. Mirhosseini, Mehran Moharreri, E. Saburi","doi":"10.34172/ijtmgh.2022.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijtmgh.2022.22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the central receptor of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in host cells. Genetic polymorphisms in the ACE2 gene may promote cardiovascular disease and systemic inflammatory injury in a patient affected by COVID-19. Thus, the genetic background may account for the substantial inter-individual diversity in illness susceptibility or severity. Our study was conducted to find a significant relationship between ACE2 rs4646142 and rs2285666 polymorphisms and susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods: In this study, we randomly selected 230 samples, including 76 patients with severe clinical symptoms and 154 patients with mild clinical symptoms (the positive case of COVID-19 was confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR] assay). Then, we performed DNA extraction and investigated the polymorphisms of rs2285666 and rs4646142 by RFLP-PCR method with TaqI and Alu1 restriction enzymes. Results: The study population included 107 men and 123 women, and the mean (±SD) age of the participants was 42.66±10.2. First, the levels of IgM and IgG were examined, and a significant association was observed in the level of IgM between the two groups of COVID-19 patients with mild and severe symptoms, as opposed to IgG. Meanwhile, no significant difference was observed between ACE2 rs4646142 and rs2285666 polymorphisms and the severity of COVID-19. Conclusion: To better understand the genetic variations in people’s susceptibility to COVID-19, this study was designed to evaluate the association between various ACE2 polymorphisms and the infection risk of SARS-CoV-2. However, no statistical difference was discovered.","PeriodicalId":32539,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48394119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Black Americans’ Diminished Health Returns of Employment During COVID-19 Pandemic 新冠肺炎大流行期间美国黑人就业健康回报率下降

International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.34172/ijtmgh.2022.21

A. Ayoubian, B. Najand, S. Assari

{"title":"Black Americans’ Diminished Health Returns of Employment During COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"A. Ayoubian, B. Najand, S. Assari","doi":"10.34172/ijtmgh.2022.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijtmgh.2022.21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Employment is a major social determinant of health (SDoH) and core socioeconomic status (SES) indicator. This study used a nationally representative sample of American adults to test the association between employment and self-rated health (SRH) overall and by race. Methods: Using data from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 2020) Cycle 4, this analysis included 1403 individuals including 1109 (79%) non-Latinx White and 294 (21%) non-Latinx Black participants. The dependent variable was SRH, the independent variable was employment, and age, sex, marital status, education, and income were the covariates. Race was the moderator. Results: Employment was associated with better SRH overall. A significant statistical interaction reflected racial differences in the effect of employment (above and beyond education and income) on SRH by race. The protective health effects of employment on SRH were weaker for non-Latinx Black than non-Latinx White individuals. Conclusion: The association between employment and SRH varies across racial groups, and this difference can also be seen during the COVID-19 pandemic. Diminished health returns of SES indicators such as employment in non-Latinx Black individuals compared to non-Latinx White people may reflect some additional health risk for middle-class non-Latinx Black communities in the US. Sustainability of marginalization-related diminished returns (MDRs), defined as weaker effects of social determinants and resources such as employment on health outcomes for marginalized than privileged social groups, is another risk for underserved populations during pandemics. These MDRs that reflect systemic inequalities may hinder our efforts to secure equality during pandemics.","PeriodicalId":32539,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44634837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Stemming the Brain Drain of Medical Graduates From Developing Countries: Controversies and Solutions 遏制发展中国家医学毕业生人才外流：争议与对策

International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health Pub Date : 2022-07-11 DOI: 10.34172/ijtmgh.2022.19

Adithi Gowda, Hamad N. Alhazza, Eoin D. Cahill, Jane B.S.Q. Ong, G. Flaherty

{"title":"Stemming the Brain Drain of Medical Graduates From Developing Countries: Controversies and Solutions","authors":"Adithi Gowda, Hamad N. Alhazza, Eoin D. Cahill, Jane B.S.Q. Ong, G. Flaherty","doi":"10.34172/ijtmgh.2022.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijtmgh.2022.19","url":null,"abstract":"Brain drain is a term used to describe the migration of highly skilled or educated people from their home country to other locations across the world. One of the existing strategies to combat the brain drain of medical students and graduates from poorer countries is the practice of conditional or bonded scholarships. Conditional scholarships have been relatively successful in stemming brain drain and have been implemented all over the world, even in developed nations such as the USA, Kuwait, and Australia, although this perspective focuses on Nepal and Malaysia as developing countries. While bonding has proven to be effective in reducing the emigration of medical graduates from poorer to wealthier countries, it is not a perfect solution. In this policy review we argue on ethical grounds that it may not be truly justifiable to limit the freedom of movement of medical graduates. Another problem associated with bonding schemes is that they further widen the gap between rich and poor in developing nations. Most countries that implement this compulsory service following graduation allow a means to escape the bond through monetary payments, which may be equivalent to the cost of their undergraduate medical education. The problem arises when wealthier graduates can pay this cost and emigrate to countries with better resources, salaries, and opportunities, while poorer students remain in their home countries. An analysis of the factors that push medical graduates away from their home countries and pull them to countries abroad is provided.","PeriodicalId":32539,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41571093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How Mobility of Resistance Determinants Affects the Dissemination of Antimicrobial Resistance? 耐药决定因素的迁移如何影响抗菌素耐药性的传播?

International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health Pub Date : 2022-07-11 DOI: 10.34172/ijtmgh.2022.17

R. Adesola

引用次数: 0

Pulmonary Blastomycosis Masquerading as Malignancy in India; Case From a Tertiary Hospital in South India 伪装成恶性肿瘤的肺芽生菌病在印度的研究一例来自南印度一家三级医院

International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health Pub Date : 2022-07-11 DOI: 10.34172/ijtmgh.2022.24

D. Joshi, S. Nambi, R. Santosham, Rajiv Santosham

引用次数: 0

Hematological Parameters Variations Among Patients With Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Cambodia 柬埔寨无并发症恶性疟原虫感染患者血液学参数的变化

International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health Pub Date : 2022-06-20 DOI: 10.34172/ijtmgh.2022.13

Rathvicheth Bun, Bui Thi My Anh, Kyaw Ko Ko, May Chan Oo, Kyaw Zarni Tun, Myat Thu Soe, P. Aung

{"title":"Hematological Parameters Variations Among Patients With Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Cambodia","authors":"Rathvicheth Bun, Bui Thi My Anh, Kyaw Ko Ko, May Chan Oo, Kyaw Zarni Tun, Myat Thu Soe, P. Aung","doi":"10.34172/ijtmgh.2022.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijtmgh.2022.13","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The prevalence of anemia among patients with malaria is very common from subsequent erythrocytes destruction and should be managed most appropriately. This study aimed to explore the changes in hematological parameters and their underlying influence among people with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum infection. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among uncomplicated malaria patients infected by P. falciparum on community-based active screening days in one of the highest malaria hot-spot areas of northwestern Cambodia. Descriptive statistics, and student t-tests were used to analyze the data. Results: Among 103 malaria blood samples, the results showed that most participants had thrombocytopenia (84.5%). More than onehalf of the participants presented normal levels of the following hematological parameters: red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and red cell distribution width (RDW). A significant correlation was noted between parasite counts and three body mass index (BMI) groups (P=0.047). Next, a strong association was also seen between parasite counts and body temperature (P = 0.03). Statistically significant differences in parasite count were observed across three levels of neutrophil (P=0.005), lymphocyte (P=0.001), eosinophil (P<0.001), absolute lymphocyte (P=0.001) and absolute eosinophil (P<0.001) counts. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed the significant role of hematological parameters in predicting the presence of malaria infection, parasite density, and forecasting adverse consequences of malaria, together with the underlying risk factors.","PeriodicalId":32539,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47219913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Medical Tourism Challenges After the Prevalence of COVID-19: The Neurosurgery Field 新冠肺炎流行后的医疗旅游挑战：神经外科领域

International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health Pub Date : 2022-06-10 DOI: 10.34172/ijtmgh.2022.15

Bahram Aminmansour, Mehdi Mahmoodkhani, Mehdi Shafiei, A. Mokhtari, M. Hematzadeh, Donya Sheibani-Tehrani

{"title":"Medical Tourism Challenges After the Prevalence of COVID-19: The Neurosurgery Field","authors":"Bahram Aminmansour, Mehdi Mahmoodkhani, Mehdi Shafiei, A. Mokhtari, M. Hematzadeh, Donya Sheibani-Tehrani","doi":"10.34172/ijtmgh.2022.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijtmgh.2022.15","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has widely affected medical tourism on a global scale, thereby reducing the number and volume of medical services. Given the importance of this topic, the present study aimed to determine the challenges of medical tourism after the prevalence of COVID-19 in the field of neurosurgery. Methods: The present descriptive study was conducted by the neurosurgery department of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran in the first quarter of 2022. Using the convenience sampling method and based on Morgan’s table, 500 patients with neurosurgical diseases registered in Medical Tourism companies were identified and included in the study. The data were analyzed in SPSS. Results: 142 (28.4%) out of 500 patients with COVID-19 were willing to come to Iran for neurosurgical treatment. The most important non-medical reasons included natural attractions (4.37±0.44), cost-effective accommodation (4.03±0.23), and support from a country of destination (place of residence) (3.75±0.22). The most important medical reasons included the short waiting list, the fast treatment response (4.26±0.76), the availability of qualified doctors (3.96±0.27), and the low-cost treatment (3.87±0.53). Conclusion: The present study focused on the functions and potentials of medical tourism in neurosurgery. It can be more successful by providing the right conditions to improve the current situation.","PeriodicalId":32539,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47422543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0