C. Hirsching, W. Schulze, Maurizio Zajadatz, M. Suriyah, T. Leibfried
{"title":"Emulation of Grid-Following Inverters for Impedance-Based Stability Analysis regarding Outer Control Loops","authors":"C. Hirsching, W. Schulze, Maurizio Zajadatz, M. Suriyah, T. Leibfried","doi":"10.1109/UPEC50034.2021.9548176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC50034.2021.9548176","url":null,"abstract":"With an increasing share of converter based devices in power grids, numerous investigations on the overall system stability have been tackled in recent years to understand their interplay with the existing grid. Here, impedance based studies enable screening studies over a broad frequency range. Whereas interaction studies considering a grid impedance only represent a snapshot of the system, passivity studies enable classification of several sensitivities with respect to the damping behaviour of the considered device. Therefore, a test setup is proposed within this contribution to analyse the frequency-dependent characteristic of a converter at its output terminal up to 10 kHz. Hence, the behaviour of an arbitrary voltage source converter with an arbitrary controller implementation is replicated by a converter emulation setup. Utilizing the introduced test setup, the impedance characteristic related to different controller structures and operation points are received and evaluated.","PeriodicalId":325389,"journal":{"name":"2021 56th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131463054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sensitivity Analysis of Transmission Assets: Special Case Transformers Aging","authors":"Arshad Syed Anwar, M. Emad Farrag, J. Baird","doi":"10.1109/UPEC50034.2021.9548195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC50034.2021.9548195","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes initial research undertaken, exploring the impact of demand and other environmental factors on the power transmission network. How these factors lead to a determined probability of failure is currently determined through a set of complex equations. Demand, or loading, is expected to be the principal factor on the expected life of transmission assets such as transformers. The long-term aim of the research is to understand the likely impact of electrification of vehicles, the associated increased demand on the network, leading to the prospect of a deterioration of the network assets. This initial research suggests that transformer ageing is highly sensitive not only to the average and maximum demand in the network but also to other environment factors. Recommendations from this research will help power transmission companies to more effectively manage their assets through a more robust understanding of the ageing of assets as a consequence of Governmental policy shifts on electric vehicle uptake.","PeriodicalId":325389,"journal":{"name":"2021 56th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"19 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130091079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md. Shadman Abid, Hasan Jamil Apon, Khandaker Adil Morshed, Fahim Abid
{"title":"Impact Assessment of Charging of Electric Vehicle on Residential Distribution Network of Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Shadman Abid, Hasan Jamil Apon, Khandaker Adil Morshed, Fahim Abid","doi":"10.1109/UPEC50034.2021.9548193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC50034.2021.9548193","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the impact of electric vehicle (EV) integration on urban residential distribution network in Bangladesh. A probabilistic load flow algorithm has been developed in this study to analyze system parameters for a selected residential feeder of a middle income economic zone in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The algorithm is based on Monte Carlo simulation that considers randomness of EV charging and vehicle mobility patterns to provide a probabilistic load profile for observing the effects of EV integration in distribution grids. Three scenarios of penetration (10%, 20%, and 40%) were considered replacing conventional vehicle fleet. Furthermore, implications of seasonal variation in the impact of electric vehicles on the respective network were investigated. Based on Monte Carlo simulation, an evaluation is presented to analyze aggregated power demand, energy demand, losses, line ampacity violations, voltage security margin violations and average voltage profiles. This study can be used to determine the critical level of EV penetration that does not contravene the grid security margin for a specific urban neighborhood in Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":325389,"journal":{"name":"2021 56th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115531759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Geomagnetically induced currents: A measurement based inverse determination of earth impedances","authors":"P. Schachinger, Dennis Albert, H. Renner","doi":"10.1109/UPEC50034.2021.9548157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC50034.2021.9548157","url":null,"abstract":"Geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) can lead to serious disturbances in transmission grids. Arising problems range from high noise levels and reactive power consumption of transformers up to transformer outages and regional blackouts. To mitigate GICs effectively, simulation is an important aspect. However, incomplete electrical grid data in combination with discrete earth layer models lead to differences between measurement and simulation. In this article, we describe an inverse calculation method of the complex earth impedance, based on transformer neutral point measurements. We show that the resulting model leads to higher simulation accuracy. This calculation method may be used especially when earth layer data is missing or inaccurate.","PeriodicalId":325389,"journal":{"name":"2021 56th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125482969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Voltage and Frequency Stability Enhancement of Islanded Network","authors":"N. Azizi, H. M. Cheshmehbeigi, Hassan NOURI","doi":"10.1109/UPEC50034.2021.9548170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC50034.2021.9548170","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, for economic and environmental reasons, power systems usually work close to the limits of stability to make the most of existing networks. However, in such systems, sudden faults can cause severe instability between all equipment of the system. As a result, the voltage and frequency of the island system exceed the allowable limit. Due to this fact, voltage and frequency control is essential in the operation mode of the island. This paper investigates the effect of ramp rejecting electric power pre-filter stabilizer (RRPP) on voltage and frequency oscillations of a stand-alone network. It provides a taxonomy of the dynamic behavior of the system in various scenarios: no power system stabilizer (PSS), conventional PSS, and RRPP stabilizer. The accurate model of BESS and wind turbine is incorporated to cope with real conditions. Small signal analysis is used to evaluate and analyze the stability of the understudy network using the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":325389,"journal":{"name":"2021 56th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122995224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdulrahman Alassi, K. Ahmed, A. Egea-Àlvarez, C. Foote
{"title":"Soft Transformer Energization: Ramping Time Estimation Method for Inrush Current Mitigation","authors":"Abdulrahman Alassi, K. Ahmed, A. Egea-Àlvarez, C. Foote","doi":"10.1109/UPEC50034.2021.9548203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC50034.2021.9548203","url":null,"abstract":"Uncontrolled transformer energization is known to cause high magnitude inrush currents that can reach up to 10 times transformer rating. Several techniques are proposed in literature to mitigate this issue, including soft transformer energization using a voltage ramp. This technique is regaining more traction with the increased use of converters-based generation. Defining the required voltage ramping time for effective inrush current mitigation is important to avoid fast ramps that can still cause large inrush currents. This paper proposes a model-based ramping time estimation technique that can be used to identify the minimum-adequate voltage ramp time for a given set of constraints, transformer model and network configuration. Key ramping time influencing factors are defined as: residual flux, source to energized core effective impedance and control, in addition to core saturation characteristics. The proposed method considers multiple simulation steps to identify the minimum required ramping time. Simulation case study is presented for a voltage source energization of a 53 MVA three-phase delta-wye transformer, demonstrating the technique capability of determining appropriate ramping times for effective inrush current mitigation. Sensitivity analysis are also carried out to illustrate the impact of varying key parameters such as the transformer core saturation characteristics on the results.","PeriodicalId":325389,"journal":{"name":"2021 56th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123089350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Operating Reserve Dimensioning Methodologies for Renewable Energy Aligned Power Systems","authors":"Leigh Bongers, Ndamulelo Mararakanye, B. Bekker","doi":"10.1109/UPEC50034.2021.9548228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC50034.2021.9548228","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last decade there has been a significant transformation in the electricity generation sector across the world, with the aim of reducing the environmental impact of electricity generation. Variable renewable energy (VRE) sources such as wind and solar photovoltaic have proven to be particularly popular in mitigating these environmental impacts. Increasing the penetration of VRE in the electricity generation mix will increase generation variability and uncertainty and can potentially introduce various technical challenges regarding the reliability of the power system network. Generation and demand must be in balance at all times for network reliability and operating reserves exist on the network to ensure system reliability during periods of imbalance. The risk exists that current \"traditional\" operating reserve dimensioning methodologies do not efficiently account for the increase in system imbalance variability and uncertainty as a result of increased VRE generation. This paper reviews the challenges associated with high VRE penetration networks and the caveats of current, \"traditional\" reserve dimensioning methodologies. Emerging, state-of-the-art methodologies in literature and in practice are reviewed to form a basis for future considerations in development of reserve dimensioning methodologies. The paper finds that transmission system operators (TSOs) of modern power systems with high VRE penetration in general are increasingly using probabilistic methodologies to dynamically dimension reserve requirements economically while reliably ensuring system adequacy.","PeriodicalId":325389,"journal":{"name":"2021 56th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126251105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seyed Ashkan Nejati, B. Chong, Mahyar Alinejad, Shahriar Abbasi
{"title":"Optimal scheduling of electric vehicles charging and discharging in a smart parking-lot","authors":"Seyed Ashkan Nejati, B. Chong, Mahyar Alinejad, Shahriar Abbasi","doi":"10.1109/UPEC50034.2021.9548226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC50034.2021.9548226","url":null,"abstract":"With large penetration and uncontrolled charging and discharging of Electric Vehicles (EVs) due to rapid increasing demand for clean energy, the upstream grid may face many technical issues such as energy security and reliability risk. Therefore, it is essential to carry out smart scheduling for charging and discharging of EVs. In this paper, a residential parking-lot scheme using 200 EVs as an example is developed to schedule the charging and discharging of EVs which is based on the initial and final value of the State Of Charge (SOC) of all EVs requested by the owner one day in advance, and the information the expected arrival and departure time to the parking-lot. However, errors most probably exist in this scheme where owners’ requests cannot be met because of random behaviours of the other EV owners which will require the imposition of penalty. An optimisation problem is formulated to maximise the Smart Parking-Lot (SPL) profit considering random behaviours EV owners and the penalty imposed. In this paper, the aim is achieved by defining some random behaviours and penalty flexibility. The related optimising problem is solved by using the Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through four different scenarios; in the first scenario, some random behaviours of EV owners are considered. In the last three scenarios, some flexibilities in penalising of the EV owners have been considered. The simulation results of all scenarios are compared and used to demonstrate the features of the proposed scheduling method.","PeriodicalId":325389,"journal":{"name":"2021 56th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133711868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Value of Smart Inverter Control in Distribution Energy Management Systems and Virtual Power Plants, and Opportunities for South Africa","authors":"R. Xavier, B. Bekker, M. J. Chihota","doi":"10.1109/UPEC50034.2021.9548163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC50034.2021.9548163","url":null,"abstract":"The rising penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) in distribution networks can lead to various technical challenges, including poor power quality and system instability. To mitigate these challenges, distribution network operators and regulators are looking towards the coordinated control of smart inverter-based DERs to support the utility grid and provide additional services. Smart inverters have advanced grid supportive functions that assist the utility in maintaining power quality and stability. However, it is not practical for network operators to directly monitor and control each individual inverter and DER. As a result, distribution energy resource management systems (DERMS) and virtual power plants (VPPs) are being tested out in international states with high leading renewable energy penetration, such as Hawaii, Arizona, California and Victoria. DERMS and VPPs can aggregate and optimize the performance of various DERs through smart inverters. This paper investigates the characteristics and benefits of the existing coordinated control techniques of smart inverters as applied in contexts of high DER penetration internationally. The value of smart inverter coordinated control is presented through a literature review and international examples. Based on the review of international practice, recommendations for South Africa are made considering the local context regarding existing infrastructure and grid regulation restrictions, which affect the necessary communications protocol for coordinated control through a DERMS or VPP. The paper finds that VPPs or DERMS in South Africa are feasible, but with the relevant cybersecurity measures and technical regulations update for smart inverter functionality.","PeriodicalId":325389,"journal":{"name":"2021 56th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133548591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel Lessinger, R. D. de Figueiredo, L. R. Prade, A. da Rosa Abaide
{"title":"Improving Power Transformers Maintenance with Data Science","authors":"Samuel Lessinger, R. D. de Figueiredo, L. R. Prade, A. da Rosa Abaide","doi":"10.1109/UPEC50034.2021.9548181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC50034.2021.9548181","url":null,"abstract":"The continuous expansion of the electrical power system demands increasingly strict operating standards in terms of safety and availability. In this scenario, the maintenance of power transformers becomes essential for the safe and efficient operation of the entire system. Operating data must be analyzed to verify the correct functioning of the transformer. This work applies a data science methodology in a real transformer to extract operating thermal profiles and commutations Taps characteristic. This analysis helps in decisions about predictive maintenance planning.","PeriodicalId":325389,"journal":{"name":"2021 56th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131902167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}