Biologichni studiyi最新文献

{"title":"Genotoxicity and acute toxicity of 2-amino-5-benzylthiazole in complex with polymeric nanocarrier in Allium bioassay","authors":"Yaryna Shalai, Khrystyna Savaryn, Marta Ilkiv, Yurii Ostapiuk, Nataliya Mitina, Oleksandr Zaichenko, Vira Budzyn, Andriy Babsky","doi":"10.30970/sbi.1703.727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30970/sbi.1703.727","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The search for optimal methods of selective and integral determination of various cytotoxic compounds in biological fluids and tissues, which would have high sensitivity and allow for quick and reliable assessment and detection of potentially cytotoxic components of substances with biologically active action, remains relevant today. It is known that chemotherapeutic agents can be released into the environment (air, surface water, sediments and soil) and cause adverse consequences (impact on the stability of ecosystems due to reduced viability of species). The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of thiazole derivative N-(5-benzyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-3,5-dimethyl1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide (BF1) conjugated with PEG-based polymeric nanoparticles (PEG-PN – Th1) on genotoxicity and acute toxicity in allium bioassay. Materials and Methods. Allium cepa ana-telophase assay was applied to monitor genotoxicity of the studied compounds. The acute toxic effects such as inhibition of cell division, seed germination and growth of Allium roots were estimated. A. cepa seeds (15 per each point) were germinated on the studied solutions of BF1, Th1 and Th2 (10 μM) for 5 days at 22 °C. The root growth and the percentage of inhibition of seed germination were calculated. In order to establish cyto- and genotoxicity of the studied compounds, we have determined the mitotic index and the relative amount of chromosomal aberrations. Results. BF1 had a significant inhibitory effect on root growth and seed germination at a concentration of 10 μM. The effect was eliminated when it was influenced by BF1 complex with a polymeric carrier. The free polymer does not have a negative effect on the studied parameters either. A significant decrease in the mitotic index and increase in the percentage of chromosomal aberrations was observed under the action of BF1 at a concentration of 10 µM. There was no significant change in the value of mitoitic index and percentage of chromosomal aberrations under the action of Th2 comp­lex or polymeric carrier Th1. Conclusions. The thiazole derivative in complex with a polymeric carrier at a concentration of 10 µM did not show acute toxicity in Allium cepa bioassay. Polymer carrier based on polyethylene glycol neutralized the negative effect of BF1 on the mitotic and phase indices of Allium root meristem cells; it also decreased the percentage of chromosomal aberrations.","PeriodicalId":32510,"journal":{"name":"Biologichni studiyi","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134917195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antropogenic materials in the nests of Passerine birds in the west of Ukraine","authors":"Oksana Hnatyna","doi":"10.30970/sbi.1703.723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30970/sbi.1703.723","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Traditionally birds build their nests out of natural materials that are usually found near the location of the future nest. However, along with the expansion of human economic activity and the appearance of various types of antropogenic mate­rials (hereafter debris) that pollute environment, they appeared in bird nests. Although it is hard to predict with certainty what significance this behavior will have for birds in the future, it is possible to investigate which species are prone to such behavior, which unnatural materials birds choose to build nests, and which factors influence it. This makes it possible to predict how changes in the environment by humans affect the nest-building behavior of different species of birds and the species-specific appearance of the nest. Moreover, incorporation of debris into birds’ nests may be used as an indicator of environmental pollution. Materials and Methods. Materials for this article included 382 nests of 42 passerine species. Nests were collected unevenly during the last two decades in different stations across the western part of Ukraine. Among them, 18.3 % of the nests were located within the borders of human settlements, 48.2 % on their outskirts, and 37.5 % in the natural or close to the natural environment far beyond settlements. Nests were decomposed with laboratory forceps and nest components were identifined as natural (grass, plant stems, tree leaves, grass roots, moss, mammalian hair, bird feather and others) and antropogenic (threads, synthetic fibers, fluff, ropes, fishing line, cigarette butts, paper, tissue, wires and others), and their percentage by volume was defined. Results and Discussion. To construct nests, birds use antropogenic materials in the form of debris/solid waste, which they find in the surroundings. Among 382 analyzed passerine nests (42 species) collected in the west of Ukraine, artificial or man-changed materials were recorded in nest construction of 103 nests (27.0 %) of 26 species (61.9 %). Most frequently antropogenic materials are incorporated in the nests of the Fringillidae family (Linaria cannabina – 85.7 % of the analysed nests, Chloris chloris – 71.4 %, Fringilla coelebs – 66.7 %). The amount of artificial materials in the nest composition varied from minimal to up 100 %. More than a half (55.3 %) of the investigated passerine nests contain only a minimal or small amount of debris (≤ 1 % by volume). We found 17 types of anthropogenic materials in the nests. The most popular were threads (in 47.1 % of the analyzed nests with antropogenic materials), synthetic fibers (31.7 %), fluff (20.2 %, among them artificial fluff 14.4 %, cotton wool 4.8 %, fiberglass 1.0 %), plastic film (17.4 %), ropes (14.4 %), and fishing line (12.5 %). The number of various types of antropogenic materials in one nest varied from 1 (in 55.3 % nests), 2 (31.1 %), 3 (9.7 %), and 4 to 7 (3.9 %). The higher number of artificial material types in the structure of a bird’s nest may ","PeriodicalId":32510,"journal":{"name":"Biologichni studiyi","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134915621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood creatinine content and rat kidney structure after intramuscular injection of pegylated antibiotic enrofloxacin","authors":"Mariia Kozak, Oksana Zelenina, Dmytro Ostapiv, Maryna Skrypka, Volodymyr Samaryk, Vasyl Vlizlo","doi":"10.30970/sbi.1703.720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30970/sbi.1703.720","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is able to affect the permeability of memb­ra­nes by increasing the entry of antibiotics into the cell of microorganism; therefore, PEGylation may improve the effectiveness of antibiotics due to chemical modification of their molecules. It is important to assess the safety and toxicity of new compounds for drug development activity. The aim of this research was to study the functional state and structure of the kidneys of laboratory rats after intramuscular administration of PEGylated antibiotic enrofloxacin, as well as commercial antibiotic enrofloxacin and polymer PEG-400, which were used for the synthesis of PEGylated antibiotic enrofloxacin. Materials and Methods. PEGylated antibiotic enrofloxacin was obtained via the reaction between enrofloxacin chloride and PEG-400 polymer (polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 400 Da). The research was conducted on four groups of rats: control and three experimental ones, 12 animals in each group. Physiological saline solution was intramuscularly injected to the control rats; commercial antibiotic enrofloxacin – to rats of the first experimental group; polymer PEG-400 – to rats of the second experimental group; PEGylated antibiotic enrofloxacin – to rats of the third experimental group. Results. The conducted studies did not show a significant difference between the serum creatinine in control rats and experimental ones on the 7th, 14th and 21st days after the last administration of the drugs. Creatinine levels in the blood of all groups of animals were within physiological ranges. Histological studies of the kidney structure in control rats indicated no changes during the experiment. Histological changes in the structure of the kidneys were observed within the first seven days after the end of the intramuscular administration of polymer PEG-400 and PEGylated antibiotic enrofloxacin. Injections of the commercial form of antibiotic enrofloxacin to experimental rats caused histological changes in the kidney structure for 21 days of the experiment. Conclusions. Quadruple intramuscular administration of PEGylated and commercial antibiotics enrofloxacin to rats showed that PEGylation reduces nephrotoxicity and shortens the duration of adverse effects in the kidneys.","PeriodicalId":32510,"journal":{"name":"Biologichni studiyi","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134917198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-microbe interactions: mechanisms and applications for improving crop yield and quality","authors":"Orysia Makar, Yana Kavulych, Olga Terek, Nataliya Romanyuk","doi":"10.30970/sbi.1703.730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30970/sbi.1703.730","url":null,"abstract":"In light of the dual challenges posed by climate change and the burgeoning global population, which are putting food security at risk, there is an urgent need to develop sustainable agricultural innovations. These innovations must be capable of increasing crop productivity and maintaining soil health, reducing our dependence on synthetic agrochemical inputs, and preserving the nutritional quality of our food crops. It is crucial to delve into the biological and physiological processes that underlie plant-microbe interactions. Such knowledge is paramount in harnessing the advantages of these interactions for sustainable agriculture. This review delves into the intricate mechanisms through which beneficial rhizosphere and soil bacteria, known as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), contribute to enhancing crop yields, bolstering stress resilience, and improving the nutritional quality of crops. We explore the vital capabilities of PGPB, encompassing nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, iron chelation through microbial siderophores, and modulation of hormonal signaling pathways. The PGPB taxa in focus include rhizobial diazotrophs (genera Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium) and diverse heterotrophic genera (Azotobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas). Recent studies have provided compelling evidence of the effectiveness of PGPB in biofortification interventions, which involve enriching essential micronutrients in crops through microbial enhancement of nutrient mobilization, uptake, translocation, and acquisition. Understanding the genomic and metabolic mechanisms that govern plant growth promotion, abiotic stress tolerance, pathogen inhibition, and biofortification by PGPR is pivotal. Such insights can inform endeavors to optimize, formulate, and apply tailored PGPR inoculants. Adopting a systems perspective that acknowledges the intricate interactions among plants, microbes, and soil in this context is essential. Furthermore, we advocate for continued research in various domains, including microbiota recruitment, PGPR screening, the cumulative effects of various approaches, developing effective delivery systems, field testing, and integrating these findings with breeding programs. Interdisciplinary collaboration among microbial ecologists, plant physiologists, crop scientists, and farmers will be instrumental in unlocking the full potential of plant-microbe associations to ensure sustainable agriculture and food crop quality. In summary, more profound insights into PGPB biology and their interactions with plants offer a promising path toward enhancing productivity and sustainability in the face of escalating demands.","PeriodicalId":32510,"journal":{"name":"Biologichni studiyi","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134916978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncoupled respiration stability of isolated pancreatic acini as a novel functional test for cell vitality","authors":"Anastasiia Zub, Bohdan V. Manko, Bohdan O. Manko, Volodymyr Manko, Andriy Babsky","doi":"10.30970/sbi.1703.735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30970/sbi.1703.735","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Assessment of cell viability is crucial in cell studies. Testing plasma membrane integrity is a traditional approach of evaluating cell viability. Mitochondrial functional capacity closely correlates with plasma membrane integrity and overall cell health. This study aimed to investigate whether any aspect of mitochondrial adaptive capacity in isolated pancreatic acini is associated with the quality of isolated pancreatic acini preparations, as determined by the dye exclusion method. Materials and Methods. Experiments were carried out on male Wistar rats weig­hing 250–300 g. A suspension of isolated pancreatic acini was obtained using collagenase. The rate of oxygen consumption of rat isolated pancreatic acini was measured with Clark oxygen electrode. Basal respiration of isolated pancreatic acini was recorded for approximately 2 min. Afterwards, the mitochondrial adaptive capacity was examined using FCCP in concentrations from 0.5 to 2 μM. Uncoupled respiratory stability was calculated as a ratio of respiration rate at high and low FCCP concentrations. Plasma membrane integrity was assessed with trypan blue staining. A total of 74 preparations of isolated pancreatic acini were used in this study. Results. In all experiments, 92–99 % of pancreatic acinar cells exhibited negative trypan blue staining, indicating intact plasma membranes. The basal and maximal uncoupled respiration rates were not affected by the fraction of trypan-negative cells. However, acini preparations with <less than 95 % plasma membrane integrity had significantly lower uncoupled respiration rates when exposed to a high concentration of FCCP (2 µM), indicating reduced stability of uncoupled respiration. Conclusions. Results of the study suggest that the stability of uncoupled respiration can serve as a novel metabolic functional test to complement the existing methods for assessing cell vitality.","PeriodicalId":32510,"journal":{"name":"Biologichni studiyi","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134993524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}