{"title":"Back Matter","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvdtpjth.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvdtpjth.20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":324665,"journal":{"name":"King Alfonso VIII of Castile","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127763901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"VIA IMPUGNANDI IN THE AGE OF ALFONSO VIII:","authors":"Thomas Burman","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvdtpjth.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvdtpjth.16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":324665,"journal":{"name":"King Alfonso VIII of Castile","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127660061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ALFONSO VIII AND THE PAPACY","authors":"Damian J. Smith","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvdtpjth.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvdtpjth.13","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the relationship between the Castilian monarchy and the papacy, looking at two letters from the quite extensive papal-Castilian correspondence concerning the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa. The letters were to be used in what was to be a long, drawn-out and ultimately fruitless cause for the canonization of Alfonso VIII of Castile. One of the letters was the Supplicatio generalis, which was Pope Innocent III's call for a general procession of the clergy and people of Rome, as well as processions elsewhere, prior to the great battle, which the pope was expecting to take place in mid-May 1212 around the time of Pentecost. The second was the famous letter of Alfonso VIII himself to Innocent III after the Christian victory, in which the battle of Las Navas was described. The Supplicatio generalis would have left no doubt concerning the importance of Alfonso VIII to the papacy, Rome, and Christian history. The letter describing the victory of Las Navas appears equally well chosen because it surely demonstrated the devotion of the king of Castile to the apostolic see.","PeriodicalId":324665,"journal":{"name":"King Alfonso VIII of Castile","volume":"420 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115927367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chapter Three. The Infantazgo in the Reign of Alfonso VIII","authors":"Janna Bianchini","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvdtpjth.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvdtpjth.8","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter looks at the Infantazgo during the reign of Alfonso VIII. Beginning as early as the tenth century, the royal women of León-Castile laid claim to a little-understood share of the crown's patrimony, known as the Infantazgo. These Infantazgo properties were usually a significant source of power and income; their possession appears to be a major factor in the unusual prominence of certain women in the Leonese-Castilian monarchy. Contrary to previous assumptions, the Infantazgo did not disappear in the mid-twelfth century. It was altered, certainly, by the upheavals that attended the partition of León and Castile in 1157. But it endured, to last through the reign of Alfonso VIII and well into the reign of his grandson, Ferdinand III. Eventually, of course, the Infantazgo's significance did fade, due to the changes of the mid-thirteenth century. Ferdinand III's unification of León and Castile radically altered the kingdom's axes of power. The old domains of the Infantazgo, especially those on the Leonese-Castilian border, lost some of their strategic and economic value as a result.","PeriodicalId":324665,"journal":{"name":"King Alfonso VIII of Castile","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130652632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Via impugnandi in the Age of Alfonso VIII: Iberian-Christian Kalām and a Latin Triad Revisited","authors":"Thomas Burman","doi":"10.5422/fordham/9780823284146.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823284146.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"This concluding chapter argues that not only were there such practitioners of Christian kalām in the lifetime of Alfonso VIII—and most likely in Toledo—but that their works were, moreover, the fruit of such interaction between the Latin-Christian and Arab-Christian intellectual traditions. The rationalist arguments for the Trinity advanced in two Arabic works that survive only fragmentarily both continued a long tradition of Middle-Eastern Trinitarian argumentation rooted in kalām, and incorporated at the same time emerging Latin-Christian Trinitarian theology devised by Peter Abelard and Hugh of St. Victor. As such, they were evidence of an intellectually vital Arab-Christian community that was actively cultivating Arab-Christian and Latin-Christian thought in the twelfth century. However, important scholarly work has appeared on a handful of issues surrounding these texts and their Trinitarian arguments. The chapter then revisits the texts, considering the via impugnandi advanced by these tracts.","PeriodicalId":324665,"journal":{"name":"King Alfonso VIII of Castile","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129416085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“Happier in Daughters than in Sons”: The Children of Alfonso VIII of Castile and Leonor Plantagenet","authors":"Miriam Shadis","doi":"10.5422/fordham/9780823284146.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823284146.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter argues that understanding the long-term significance of Alfonso VIII and Leonor of England's political, religious, and dynastic strategies requires considering the lives and careers of their daughters, rather than their sons. Out of this family, it was their daughters who most successfully fulfilled their parents' ambitions. Even as their preference was for a son, Alfonso VIII and Leonor approached the education and rearing of their daughters with care—and obvious success. In particular, the fact that for the first eight years of her life, Berenguela was the acknowledged heir—and then the “mechanism” by which peace was sought with León—established her both in the record and in practice as a viable ruler who would legitimately carry on the dynasty. Ultimately, the web of relations created between Berenguela, Blanca, Urraca, and especially Leonor, with Constanza at Las Huelgas representing a sort of spiritual and domestic focal point, served to strengthen the family, as well as their individual reputations, and provided great resources to the next generation.","PeriodicalId":324665,"journal":{"name":"King Alfonso VIII of Castile","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128991657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chapter Seven. Alfonso VIII and the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa","authors":"M. Gómez","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvdtpjth.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvdtpjth.12","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa. The battle of Las Navas de Tolosa—and the campaign which preceded the Christian victory—is certainly the most famous event of Alfonso VIII's lengthy fifty-six years on the Castilian throne. It was recorded far and wide in chronicles and histories across Europe, and became in time a semi-legendary episode of immense importance in the collective memory of Christian Spain. The battle, and the conditions which made it possible, were the culmination of years of effort and work to position Castile as the most powerful kingdom in Spain. It was also the result of steady effort by the Church, and especially the papacy, to encourage the Castilian monarch and his fellow rulers to set aside their preferred political rivalries in the name of the much more difficult work of defending and expanding the borders of Christendom. By 1212, Alfonso VIII was the most successful crusading monarch of his generation.","PeriodicalId":324665,"journal":{"name":"King Alfonso VIII of Castile","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116383522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“Si Possides Amicum, In Temptatione Posside Illum”: Alfonso VIII and Peter the Catholic","authors":"M. Cabrer","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvdtpjth.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvdtpjth.14","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter studies the relationship between Alfonso VIII of Castile and Peter the Catholic, the king of Aragon and count of Barcelona. From the time he ascended the throne in April 1196, Peter the Catholic was a faithful ally of Alfonso VIII. One can say that the alliance between the kingdom of Castile and the Crown of Aragon between 1196 and 1213 demonstrates continuity rather than change. The change is, perhaps, the extent of the stability and the strength of the alliance between Alfonso VIII and Peter the Catholic during almost twenty years. The battle of Las Navas de Tolosa was the highlight of the reigns of Alfonso VIII and Peter the Catholic. Alfonso VIII needed the victory in order to extend the Castilian borders at the expense of the Almohad Caliphate. Meanwhile, Peter the Catholic used his collaboration in the victory to legitimize his intervention in the Albigensian conflict.","PeriodicalId":324665,"journal":{"name":"King Alfonso VIII of Castile","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133327402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chapter Six. Holy War and Crusade during the Reign of Alfonso VIII","authors":"Carlos de Ayala Martínez","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvdtpjth.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvdtpjth.11","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter analyzes the crusading dimension of Alfonso VIII's reign and contextualizes it within the framework of relations with the whole of Christendom. Never before had a Spanish king demonstrated such a clear crusading policy as that of Alfonso VIII. The crusade sealed connections and established commitments that would turn the kingdom of Castile into a model frontier region for the rest of Christendom. The chapter then considers three significant periods during Alfonso VIII's reign, divided by three events marking the confrontation with Islam: the conquest of Cuenca in 1177, the defeat at Alarcos in 1195, and the victory of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212. The victory of Las Navas represented the triumph of the papal idea of crusade, which had been fully integrated into the political discourse of the Castilian monarchy.","PeriodicalId":324665,"journal":{"name":"King Alfonso VIII of Castile","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116800076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SELLING CASTILE:","authors":"James J. Todesca","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvdtpjth.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvdtpjth.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":324665,"journal":{"name":"King Alfonso VIII of Castile","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130231367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}