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Dividing a Farm: A Simple Application of Game Theory in Geometry 分割农场几何中博弈论的简单应用
General Letters in Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.31559/glm2024.14.2.2
Reza Habibi
{"title":"Dividing a Farm: A Simple Application of Game Theory in Geometry","authors":"Reza Habibi","doi":"10.31559/glm2024.14.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31559/glm2024.14.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Two farmers decide to divide a triangle farm between them. The problem is modeled as a simple application of game theory in geometry. The game is defined and is solved, theoretically, in independent case. Simulation results are proposed using the copula function, in the dependent cases. Finally, concluding remarks are proposed.","PeriodicalId":32454,"journal":{"name":"General Letters in Mathematics","volume":"115 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141390643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Right Central CNZ Property Skewed by Ring Endomorphisms 右中心 CNZ 特性因环内构而倾斜
General Letters in Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.31559/glm2024.14.2.1
Saman Shafiq Othman, C. A. K. Ahmed
{"title":"Right Central CNZ Property Skewed by Ring Endomorphisms","authors":"Saman Shafiq Othman, C. A. K. Ahmed","doi":"10.31559/glm2024.14.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31559/glm2024.14.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of the reversible ring property concerning nilpotent elements was introduced by A.M. Abdul-Jabbar and C. A. Ahmed, who introduced the concept of commutativity of nilpotent elements at zero, termed as a CNZ ring, as an extension of reversible rings. In this paper, we extend the CNZ property through the influence of a central ring endomorphism alpha , introducing a new type of ring called a right alpha -skew central CNZ ring. This concept not only expands upon CNZ rings but also serves as a generalization of right alpha -skew central reversible rings. We explore various properties of these rings and delve into extensions of right alpha -skew central CNZ rings, along with examining several established results, which emerge as corollaries of our findings.","PeriodicalId":32454,"journal":{"name":"General Letters in Mathematics","volume":"3 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141392396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A series of new formulas to approximate the Sine and Cosine functions 一系列近似正弦和余弦函数的新公式
General Letters in Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.31559/glm2023.13.3.2
Mashrur Azim, Asma Akter Akhi, Md. Kamrujjaman
{"title":"A series of new formulas to approximate the Sine and Cosine functions","authors":"Mashrur Azim, Asma Akter Akhi, Md. Kamrujjaman","doi":"10.31559/glm2023.13.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31559/glm2023.13.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"In our analysis, we approximate the sine and cosine trigonometric functions within the interval (cid:2) 0, π 2 (cid:3) . This examination yields two distinct formulas for approximating sine and cosine. Initially, we endeavor to derive the formula that involves a square root, and then we develop an alternative formula that does not require any use of a square root. However, even after establishing the square root-free procedure, we seek to enhance its accuracy and subsequently derive yet another formula for more precise approximations of trigonometric functions within the interval (cid:2) 0, π 2 (cid:3) . Thus, our analysis presents two primary procedures. One is utilizing square roots, and the other abstaining from them. Our focus extends to ensuring the accuracy of these trigonometric functions specifically within the interval (cid:2) 0, π 2 (cid:3) . This precision assessment is visually represented through graphs, illustrating the disparity between the values generated by the formulated functions and the exact values of these functions. Consequently, these graphs serve as indicators of the error within the interval (cid:2) 0, π 2 (cid:3) . Finally, we conduct a comparative analysis between our approximation and the 7th-century Indian mathematician Bhaskara I’s approximation formula.","PeriodicalId":32454,"journal":{"name":"General Letters in Mathematics","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139347054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
New explorations and remarkable inequalities related to Fortune’s conjecture and fortunate numbers 与财富猜想和幸运数字有关的新探索和非凡不等式
General Letters in Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.31559/glm2023.13.3.1
Hayat Rezgui
{"title":"New explorations and remarkable inequalities related to Fortune’s conjecture and fortunate numbers","authors":"Hayat Rezgui","doi":"10.31559/glm2023.13.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31559/glm2023.13.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Fortune's conjecture (named after the social anthropologist Reo Franklin Fortune) is an extremely elegant mathematical conjecture that always remains an open problem in number theory. It is a conjecture about prime numbers, which leads to the so-called \"fortunate numbers\" (not to be confused with \"lucky numbers\"): Reo F. Fortune predicted that no fortunate number is composite. This conjecture impresses us all as mathematicians, that's why we decided that it will be the subject of this paper, which has many objectives and very interesting findings, among them: - Highlighting numerous properties of the fortunate numbers. - Giving a proof of Fortune's conjecture in a particular case, by two different methods one of which is original. - Presenting many counterexamples that reinforce the previous point, when the satisfied hypothesis in that particular case, is not met. - Proving a new remarkable inequality that all the 3000 first (known until now) fortunate numbers perfectly fulfill. Despite our continuous research (quite recently) on the subject of Fortune’s conjecture, we have never found a mathematical reference with a variety of ideas dealing with this conjecture, so we hope that this paper will be the first scientific work containing multiple ideas, comments, results and goals, and contributing significantly to find a definitive solution of Fortune's conjecture, therefore this paper may advance the field.","PeriodicalId":32454,"journal":{"name":"General Letters in Mathematics","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139344836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Double SEJI Integral Transform and its Applications of Solution Integral Differential Equations 双 SEJI 积分变换及其在解积分微分方程中的应用
General Letters in Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.31559/glm2023.13.3.4
Jinan A. Jasim, Sadiq A. Mehdi, Emad A. Kuffi
{"title":"Double SEJI Integral Transform and its Applications of Solution Integral Differential Equations","authors":"Jinan A. Jasim, Sadiq A. Mehdi, Emad A. Kuffi","doi":"10.31559/glm2023.13.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31559/glm2023.13.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to establish an efficient of a new transform called double SEJI integral transform to solve integral differential equations. Some important properties are proved by this suggested transform with theorem for the partial fractional Caputo derivatives. Finally, we use them to solve applications of some kinds of integral equations by transforming them to algebraic equations and solve by using the giving properties.","PeriodicalId":32454,"journal":{"name":"General Letters in Mathematics","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139346716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Detection of Outlier in Time Series with Application to Dohuk Dam Using the SCA Statistical System SCA统计系统在时间序列异常点检测中的应用
General Letters in Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.31559/glm2023.13.2.2
Shelan Saied Ismaeel, K. M. Omar, S. A. Othman
{"title":"Detection of Outlier in Time Series with Application to Dohuk Dam Using the SCA Statistical System","authors":"Shelan Saied Ismaeel, K. M. Omar, S. A. Othman","doi":"10.31559/glm2023.13.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31559/glm2023.13.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32454,"journal":{"name":"General Letters in Mathematics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44921095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Novel View of Regular and Normal Spaces via Nano Sβ-Open Sets in Nano Topological Spaces 基于纳米拓扑空间中s - β-开集的正则空间和正规空间的新观点
General Letters in Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.31559/glm2023.13.2.1
Nehmat K. Ahmed, Osama T. Pirbal
{"title":"A Novel View of Regular and Normal Spaces via Nano Sβ-Open Sets in Nano Topological Spaces","authors":"Nehmat K. Ahmed, Osama T. Pirbal","doi":"10.31559/glm2023.13.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31559/glm2023.13.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32454,"journal":{"name":"General Letters in Mathematics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47926164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Existence Solutions For Sequential ψ-Caputo FractionalDifferential Equations 序列ψ-Caputo分数阶微分方程的存在解
General Letters in Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.31559/glm2023.13.2.3
Hamid Boulares, Khaireddine Fernane
{"title":"Existence Solutions For Sequential ψ-Caputo Fractional\u0000Differential Equations","authors":"Hamid Boulares, Khaireddine Fernane","doi":"10.31559/glm2023.13.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31559/glm2023.13.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32454,"journal":{"name":"General Letters in Mathematics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45435145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A hybrid Modeling and Forecasting of Carbon dioxide Emissions in Tanzania 坦桑尼亚二氧化碳排放的混合建模与预测
General Letters in Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.31559/glm2023.13.1.2
Twahil Hemed Shakiru, Xiaohui Liu, Qing Liu
{"title":"A hybrid Modeling and Forecasting of Carbon dioxide Emissions in Tanzania","authors":"Twahil Hemed Shakiru, Xiaohui Liu, Qing Liu","doi":"10.31559/glm2023.13.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31559/glm2023.13.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32454,"journal":{"name":"General Letters in Mathematics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44987473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Set-fuzzy-set-norm Variation of Set-fuzzy-set Multifunctions 集模糊集多函数的集模糊集范数变分
General Letters in Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.31559/glm2023.13.1.3
Marzieh Mostafavi
{"title":"Set-fuzzy-set-norm Variation of Set-fuzzy-set Multifunctions","authors":"Marzieh Mostafavi","doi":"10.31559/glm2023.13.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31559/glm2023.13.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we introduce F( R p ) , the collection of all finite sets of fuzzy subsets in F bc ( R p ) , which is the class of the upper semicontinuous fuzzy subsets of R p with bounded convex compact closure of the supports. Then we define set-fuzzy-set multifunctions and discuss various kinds of them such as monotone, fuzzy measure, subadditive, null-additive, null-null-additive, multisubmeasure and null-continuous. We introduce the set-fuzzy-set-norm variation of a set-fuzzy-set multifunction and present some properties between a set-fuzzy-set multifunction and its variations such as fuzzyness, continuity from below, null-additivity, and null-null-additivity.","PeriodicalId":32454,"journal":{"name":"General Letters in Mathematics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46924314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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