International Journal of Rural Development, Environment and Health Research最新文献

{"title":"Shelling and Schooling: Educational Disruptions and Social Consequences for Children in Poonch","authors":"Safira Kabir, Asrar Ahmed","doi":"10.22161/ijreh.9.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijreh.9.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores how cross-border shelling affects the lives and learning experiences of children living in the border villages of Poonch district, Jammu & Kashmir. These communities lie along the tense Line of Control, where frequent military hostilities disrupt everyday life. Among those most deeply affected are the children, whose education and emotional well-being often suffer in silence. Using a qualitative approach, the research draws on personal stories shared by students, parents, teachers, and local officials, as well as on-the-ground observations in areas hit hardest by the shelling. The findings paint a troubling picture: repeated episodes of shelling result in school closures, displacement, and severe disruptions to learning. Many children live with the constant fear of violence, studying in schools that lack even basic safety infrastructure. With limited access to digital tools or alternative modes of education, learning often comes to a standstill. Beyond the academic setbacks, the study highlights deeper emotional and social scars. Children report high levels of anxiety, reduced interaction with peers, and a loss of the stable routines that are so vital during their formative years. Their emotional growth and sense of security are often compromised, leaving long-term impacts. Despite these challenges, schools remain one of the few places offering children a sense of hope and normalcy. But in conflict zones like Poonch, they are too often underfunded, poorly equipped, and left vulnerable. The study calls for urgent reforms—conflict-sensitive education policies, trauma-informed teaching, mobile schooling units, and protective infrastructure—to ensure that children living along the border are not denied their fundamental right to education.","PeriodicalId":324345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rural Development, Environment and Health Research","volume":"9 3","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147916774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Link between Rural-Urban Migration of Youth and Crime in Anyigba Town, Kogi State-Nigeria","authors":"V. V. Kakwagh","doi":"10.22161/IJREH.3.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/IJREH.3.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to establish the link between rural-urban migration of youth and crime in Anyigba town of Dekina local government area of Kogi StateNigeria. Data were collected through the application of structured questionnaire and personal interviews. The study has established that in Nigeria, the youths migrate from the rural areas to the cities due to the general lack of socio-economic facilities that would vitalize social life. It has shown that on getting into the urban centres, they face the problem of unemployment in the formal sector and therefore end up in the informal sector where incomes are low and intermittent. It has noted that due to the low incomes in the informal sector and their intermittent nature, these migrant youths get engaged in unlawful livelihood means. The study has thus recommended that since rural Nigeria is essentially rural and depend on agriculture, agriculture should be modernized. Modernization of agriculture could yield substantial benefits. For example, modernising agriculture will create new job opportunities in production, distribution, processing and other related services. Modernization of agriculture will provide the ‘pull’ needed to keep the young people on the land instead of migrating to the cities. Millions of Nigerian youth enter the labour market daily facing huge challenges especially unemployment. Therefore, the federal, state and local governments should provide the rural areas with more resources. Policies should be formulated to target the youth who are leaving the rural areas. Emphasis should be on entrepreneurship. In Nigeria, rural areas are not being provided with enough opportunities and are losing their young people. This has serious socio-economic consequences. Therefore, rural infrastructures such as electricity, water, roads, educational institutions, etc should be provided in the rural areas to make the young people to remain in the rural areas. The migrant youths are always normal people when they leave their villages but meet abnormal situations in the cities. Their actions are therefore a response to the abnormal situations. Therefore, effective policing by both the community and other security agencies should be intensified so as to limit the freedom these youths have in expressing their dispositions and desires. Keywords— Rural; Urban; Migration; Youth, Crime.","PeriodicalId":324345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rural Development, Environment and Health Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130129311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To Review the Impact and Copping Strategies of Climate Change in Developing Countries","authors":"Yaregal Tilahun Geremewe","doi":"10.22161/ijreh.3.6.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijreh.3.6.1","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid change in climate is set to alter the delicate balance that exists between man and nature. The literature to this effect points out that the poorest countries and communities are likely to suffer the most because of their geographic locations, low income and low institutional capacity, as well as their greater reliance on climate-sensitive sectors like agriculture. Even if climate mitigations plans are implemented properly there will be some degree of warming due to inertia of emissions already released. As such, there is a strong consensus about the need of adaptation to changing climatic conditions. Adaptation to climate change is giv en increasing international attention as the confidence in climate change projections is getting higher. Developing countries have specific needs for adaptation due to high vulnerabilities, and they will in this way carry a great part of the global costs of climate change although the rising atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations are mainly the responsibility of industrialized countries. Adaptation is believed to enhance the resilience against increasing climate variability. In this backdrop, the objective of the present paper is, therefore, to systematically and critically review the existing literature on the impacts of climate change and choice of adaptations across countries and draw insights for suggesting a comprehensive policy framework particularly for developing countries in this regard. The paper finds that the role of government and civil society is crucial for enabling efficient adaptation methods. Development policies and programs having synergy effect with climate change initiatives help adapt with the changing climate better. However, the availability of clean technology in developing countries will play the decisive role in controlling their growth rate of emission.","PeriodicalId":324345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rural Development, Environment and Health Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126579126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research and Extension Roles and Standpoints on Collaboration in technology Promotion and Transfer at a Higher Education Institution in the Philippines","authors":"Rosalinda S. Guingab","doi":"10.22161/ijreh.6.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijreh.6.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"Research and extension collaboration has been considered by policymakers as a critical factor in the success of efforts at lifting the agricultural sector especially in developing countries. Generation of technologies aimed at improving crop yields and farmers’ incomes are mainly the researchers’ role, while dissemination, promotion and transfer of these technologies for adoption especially by small-scale farmers is traditionally regarded as the extensionists’ main tasks. The research-extension linkage has been studied in terms of extent of collaboration and communication and causes of weak linkage, but not a single study explored how collaboration is viewed and what roles the researchers and extensionists assume in technology transfer. This study aimed to find out the roles and standpoints of researchers and extensionists in the promotion of technologies generated in an agricultural higher education institution (HEI) in the northern Philippines. Qualitative methodology was utilized to gather data from nine researchers and five extensionists who were all chosen through purposive sampling and who were all from the HEI. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the transcribed interviews. Findings show that researchers performed the role of technology transfer agents while extensionists served merely as reinforcement to the promotion activities of the researchers. There were differing standpoints about technology promotion and transfer, with the researchers’ viewpoint of extensionists’ lack of competence as a critical reason for not relegating this role to them, due to the extensionists’ non-involvement in the generation of the technologies. Lack of linkage between the two prevented the extensionists from assuming their prescribed role as technology transfer agent, doing instead the role of facilitator and organizer of farmers’ trainings. The study results call for a re-articulation of extensionists’ function and for their involvement in research centers’ implementation plan for technology promotion and transfer.","PeriodicalId":324345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rural Development, Environment and Health Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117143723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corporative Governance in an International Context","authors":"S. J. Jwmaa, Idrees Sadeq Kanabi, S. Younus, Zaid Saad Ismail, Hawta Tareq Faieq, Baban Jabbar Othman, Rozhgar Khorsheed Mahmood, B. Gardi, Diyar Abdulmajeed Jamil","doi":"10.22161/ijreh.6.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijreh.6.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of corporative governance on international context in private business in Erbil. A random sampling technique was used, where all employees had equal chances of being selected for the sample. The study was carried out at private business in Erbil. The researchers distributed 170 questionnaires, only 156 questionnaires were received and from 156 questionnaires only 144 questionnaires were completed properly. Corporative governance can be an effective tool that many countries across the world can use to reduce such disparities evident in most firms. The findings revealed that the correlation between corporative governance factor as independent factor and International Context as dependent factor. The value of R for the Corporative governance = .386** which indicates that turnover is significantly but has weak correlation with International Context. Moreover, it was found that the value Beta for turnover = .386> 0.01, this indicates that turnover factor was positively and weak correlation with corporative governance.","PeriodicalId":324345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rural Development, Environment and Health Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126079237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Norwegian Health Care System: A Historical Perspective","authors":"D. Perera","doi":"10.22161/ijreh.5.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijreh.5.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":324345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rural Development, Environment and Health Research","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114933005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explanatory elements of the deprivation of children's rights in rural areas of the Poro region in northern Côte d'Ivoire","authors":"Nanfouhoro Paul-Kévin Ouattara, Kouassi Kan Adolphe Kouadio, Akpassou Isabelle Aboutou","doi":"10.22161/ijreh.5.6.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijreh.5.6.2","url":null,"abstract":"In order to develop, any state must be able to ensure the rights of the child. Access to health, water, housing, an inclusive education system, quality food and the fight against early marriage must be its priority, among other things. Actions have been taken in this direction by the Ivorian government but shortcomings are to be noted in particular in the region of Poro where children are confronted with malnutrition, insufficient health assistance, no schooling, marriage. forced, violence, etc. The objective of this article is to know the factors that explain the deprivation of children's rights in this region. Field investigations indicate that perceptions related to Prenatal Consultations (ANC) constitute an obstacle to the health care of pregnant women. On the other hand, by applying the principle of \"self-reproduction\", children do not go to school. In addition, food deprivation in pregnant women, infants and children resulting from socio-cultural beliefs leads to undernourishment and vitamin deficiency in the latter. Finally, early marriage is one of the factors of failure to respect the rights of the child. Keywords— Children's rights, education, prenatal consultation, early marriage, dietary restrictions. Résumé— Pour se développer, tout Etat doit être en mesure de veiller au respect des droits de l’enfant. L’accès à la santé, à l’eau, au logement, à un système éducation inclusif, à une alimentation de qualité ainsi que la lutte contre les mariages précoces doivent être entre autre sa priorité. Des actions ont été menées en ce sens par le gouvernement ivoirien mais des insuffisances sont à relever notamment dans la région du Poro où les enfants sont confrontés à la malnutrition, à l’insuffisance d’assistance sanitaire, à la nonscolarisation, au mariage forcé, à la violence, etc. l’objectif de cet article est de connaitre les facteurs qui expliquent la privation des droits des enfants dans cette région. Les investigations sur le terrain indiquent que les perceptions liées aux Consultations Prénatales (CPN) constituent une entrave à la prise en charge sanitaire de la femme enceinte. D’autre part, par l’application du principe de « l’autoreproduction », les enfants ne sont pas scolarisés. De plus, les privations alimentaires de la femme enceinte, du nourrisson et Ouattara et al. / Eléments explicatifs de la privation des droits des enfants dans les zones rurales de la région du Poro au nord de la Côte d’Ivoire Int. Ru. Dev. Env. He. Re. 2021 11 Vol-5, Issue-6; Online Available at: https://www.aipublications.com/ijreh/ de l’enfant résultant des croyances socioculturelles entrainent une sous-alimentation et une carence vitaminique chez ces derniers. Enfin, le mariage précoce fait partie des facteurs de non-respect des droits de l’enfant. Motsc lés— Droits de l’enfant, éducation, Consultation Prénatale, mariage précoce, interdits","PeriodicalId":324345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rural Development, Environment and Health Research","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124793655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes of the temperature field during storms and Effects of Cold Air on Structure of Thermal Fields in Typhoons – Case in China and Vietnam Sea","authors":"Chu Thi Thu Huong, Tran Dinh Linh, D. Huy, Nguyen Binh Phong","doi":"10.22161/ijreh.6.6.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijreh.6.6.5","url":null,"abstract":"This study goal is to explore Changes of the temperature field during storms and Effects of Cold Air on Structure of Thermal Fields in Typhoons. Typhoons are a kind of tropical cyclone that often occur on tropical or subtropical sea surfaces where the sea surface temperature is higher than 26.5 ◦C (HU et al, 2000). The results show that When affected by cold air, the hot core structure in the storm is broken. Temperature tends to increase gradually from west to east and from north to south. Temperatures in the northern and western regions were still lower than in the center of the storm, but in the eastern and southern areas of the center of the storm, the temperature was higher than in the center of the storm. Near the surface, below 800hPa, the temperature of the center of the storm is also lower than the average temperature of the areas around the center of the storm (except for typhoon Kammuri). The decrease in temperature in the lower central region and areas north and west of the center of the storm is due to the intrusion of the CA. This result demonstrates the role of cold air to the structure of the temperature field in the storm. However, further explanations are needed for the distribution of the maximum hot cores in the center of the storm.","PeriodicalId":324345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rural Development, Environment and Health Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125657136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Intervention on self-confidence levels among Rural Adolescent Girls during Covid-19 in Telangana State","authors":"S. Bari, G. Rani, M. Devi, R. Reddy","doi":"10.22161/ijreh.5.5.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijreh.5.5.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":324345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rural Development, Environment and Health Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125662045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiplicity of Rural Development Projects, Farmers’ Organizations and Impact on Development in Menoua-Cameroon","authors":"Nathalie Lando Loyem, Nobert Tohnain Lengha","doi":"10.22161/ijreh.3.5.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijreh.3.5.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":324345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rural Development, Environment and Health Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133395197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}