{"title":"Control and Reconfiguration of Train of Autonomous Electric Vehicles","authors":"K. Bouibed, A. Aitouche, M. Bayart","doi":"10.4130/JAEV.10.1543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4130/JAEV.10.1543","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the concept of a convoy of autonomous electric vehicles which will be able to continue its mission in the presence of some actuator or sensor faults. The autonomous vehicle is called RobuCar which is constituted by four independently driven wheels and two independently adjustable steering angles. Firstly, the authors develop longitudinal and lateral controllers for the vehicles operating normally. The objective is to follow a reference trajectory and to maintain safe spacing between vehicles. Secondly, the authors develop some strategies based on fault detection and isolation results in order to reconfigure the convoy of vehicles in presence of faults. Three categories have been considered: sensor or actuator fault which has not altered the trajectory; fault that affects the velocity or disturbs the trajectory; faults that make impossible for the vehicle to continue its mission. Simulation results are given at the end to show the efficiency of the approach.","PeriodicalId":322982,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Electric Vehicles","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130092889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Running Characterization of Electric Bus Powered by Mn Type Lithium Ion Battery","authors":"H. Matsuo, Takayuki Kodera, T. Ogihara","doi":"10.4130/JAEV.8.1393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4130/JAEV.8.1393","url":null,"abstract":"Electric bus powered by Mn-type lithium ion battery module with 53 kWh was developed. The running test was examined in the local city in Japan. The relation between running time and voltage, current and electric power consumption were investigated. The electric bus was run when the lithium ion battery module was discharged between 380 and 270 V. On one charge, it was also found from the running test that the railcar could run for 74 km. The running performance of electric bus was equivalent to the diesel bus. It was found that the electric bus powered by lithium ion battery was effective for the replace of diesel type bus.","PeriodicalId":322982,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Electric Vehicles","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123337437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Matsuo, T. Ogihara, Hitoshi Aikiyo, Shigenobu Yamanaka
{"title":"Characterization of Large Lithium Ion Battery and Its Application to Railcar","authors":"H. Matsuo, T. Ogihara, Hitoshi Aikiyo, Shigenobu Yamanaka","doi":"10.4130/JAEV.7.1333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4130/JAEV.7.1333","url":null,"abstract":"The running test of railcar was examined using large lithium ion battery in the local line in Japan. 90 kWh of Mn type lithium ion battery was used. The relation between running time and voltage, current and integrating watt was investigated in detail. The railcar was run when the lithium ion battery module was discharged between 660 V and 480 V. The use of lithium ion battery had little voltage changes and enabled the smooth running compared with contact-wire type railcar. On one charge, it was also found from the running test that the railcar could run for about 40 km and the mileage improved 9 %. The running performance of lithium ion battery type railcar was equivalent to the contact-wire type railcar. It was found that the railcar powered by lithium ion battery was effective for the replace of diesel type railcar in the local line.","PeriodicalId":322982,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Electric Vehicles","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128575982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of Simulated Physical Load of Sidewalk Curb for Electric, Manual Wheelchair Users and Visually Impaired People","authors":"H. Ikeda","doi":"10.4130/JAEV.7.1251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4130/JAEV.7.1251","url":null,"abstract":"Physical activity, depending on work load as well as work environment, is modulated by Electrocardio-vascular activity. Activity of an electrocardiogram (ECG) may be associated with the physical load of moving for people with mobility handicaps in use of wheelchairs. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of ECG activity with the physical load of electric and manual wheelchair users and visually impaired people when crossing a main road with difficult access to high sidewalks. Eight voluntary students participated in the study. R-R interval times of heart beats were continuously recorded for each session of manual/electric wheelchairs and visually impaired. Experimental road conditions included places where there was a 0 cm to 10 cm drop or a steep step at both sides of the road. It is concluded that electric wheelchairs can provide stable driving for their users under conditions where there are differences in height between sidewalk and road, which are common obstacles for the users of wheelchairs. Furthermore, the influences of the sidewalk curb on heart beats when changing the method of transportation with difference conditions of curb are discussed. In addition, it was found that there are different influences of the curb heights on wheelchair users and visually impaired people.","PeriodicalId":322982,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Electric Vehicles","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125300155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Hou, Hajimu Ikeda, Y. Takai, S. Minami, A. Kozawa, M. Sugawara, T. Nishina
{"title":"Experimental Study on the Optimum Density of ITE Additives for a Lead-acid Battery's Life Prolongation","authors":"S. Hou, Hajimu Ikeda, Y. Takai, S. Minami, A. Kozawa, M. Sugawara, T. Nishina","doi":"10.4130/JAEV.4.939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4130/JAEV.4.939","url":null,"abstract":"Lead-acid batteries have been used as a starter for tens of millions of cars in the world. They are also used as a cheap way to store energy for electric-powered vehicles, EV's. Life prolongation of these batteries is an important issue for resource conservation and the reduction of environmental contamination caused by discarded batteries. For this purpose, an organic battery activator named ITE (International Technology Exchange) activator has been exploited since 1996. This additive is an organic battery activator. The results of high-precision bench-tests, which are conducted in order to find an optimization of the activator's density, are described in this paper. The test results show that the best life-prolongation is achieved when an activator of 5Wt% with 10cc/cell is added for a starting battery of engine, 28Ah (10hrs).","PeriodicalId":322982,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Electric Vehicles","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124417457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Education of Design and Manufacture Using Hand-made Small-sized Electric Vehicles","authors":"H. Sakamoto, K. Amimoto","doi":"10.4130/JAEV.2.565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4130/JAEV.2.565","url":null,"abstract":"In the department of Intelligent Mechanical Systems Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, the synthesis lecture has been being carried out in 3rd and 4th years of the undergraduate program. In order to provide an active synthetic learning opportunity, self-learning environment is of great importance rather than just teaching-based classes. Project themes, therefore, are provided for each team in our laboratory, which belongs to the authors. In this report, the designing and manufacturing activity using small-sized electric vehicles is described. As well as the design, the manufacturing aspect is also considered to be of great importance for mechanical engineers. As a capstone learning course, two teams in our laboratory tried to design and manufacture. One is a hand-made small-sized electric automobile, and the other a hand-made electric motorcycle. The former is suitably gentle for elderly drivers, and is the revised one from the vehicle made last year.","PeriodicalId":322982,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Electric Vehicles","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115744947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Power Loss Evaluation of a Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine During Two Hybrid Electric Vehicle Driving Cycles","authors":"P. Nguyen, E. Hoang, M. Gabsi","doi":"10.4130/JAEV.9.1465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4130/JAEV.9.1465","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine (SMPMSM) with distributed windings. The main focus of the paper is to provide a new calculation method of electric machine losses, including copper losses and iron losses at load. This method based on the separation of injected current in d-q axes and the developed iron loss models expressing the dependence between the flux density variations and these currents. This calculation is applied not only for an operating point of the machine but for thousands points represented by a driving cycle of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). The calculations are taken into account the fluxweakening and the non-linear magnetic material.","PeriodicalId":322982,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Electric Vehicles","volume":"7 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121012505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Hou, Y. Onishi, S. Minami, Hajimu Ikeda, M. Sugawara, A. Kozawa
{"title":"Charging and Discharging Method of Lead Acid Batteries Based on Internal Voltage Control","authors":"S. Hou, Y. Onishi, S. Minami, Hajimu Ikeda, M. Sugawara, A. Kozawa","doi":"10.4130/JAEV.3.733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4130/JAEV.3.733","url":null,"abstract":"A new method of charging and discharging has developed to improve the performance of charging and discharging of lead-acid batteries. The battery itself has an internal resistance that makes it difficult to control the charging and discharging process because the capacity of the battery is estimated by the potential difference between the two electrodes of the battery, named external voltage. When the effective internal resistance of the battery is increased due to the deterioration, the external voltage is too high to stop charging even though the battery has not stored a sufficient amount of energy. This paper introduces a new method of charging and discharging and the resulted effectiveness of this method to the lead acid battery life prolongation is shown.","PeriodicalId":322982,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Electric Vehicles","volume":"237 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115175692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Sumarsono, G. Kiswanto, A. Baskoro, N. Putra, Y. Nugroho
{"title":"The Design and Development of Small Light Hybrid Electric Vehicles in the Mechanical Engineering Department at Universitas Indonesia","authors":"D. Sumarsono, G. Kiswanto, A. Baskoro, N. Putra, Y. Nugroho","doi":"10.4130/JAEV.8.1441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4130/JAEV.8.1441","url":null,"abstract":"In order to execute the global issue mandated for an environmentally friendly vehicle, research on the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has been developed in the Mechanical Engineering Department of Universitas Indonesia (MED-UI). The ultimate goal of this research is simply to develop a low-cost HEV which uses energy most ef- ficiently. A small-sized HEV seating one to two passengers has been the main focus towards completing this ulti - mate goal. Five prototypes in ten years have been developed, and Prototype III is one of the most inventive. The major features of this prototype are the power take-off system, frame design and the control system.","PeriodicalId":322982,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Electric Vehicles","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116087390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and Control of a Motor-assisted Tricycle","authors":"H. Sakamoto, Masakazu Furuya","doi":"10.4130/JAEV.3.703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4130/JAEV.3.703","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":322982,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Electric Vehicles","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122793880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}