Journal of General Union of Arab Archaeologists最新文献

{"title":"THE SEVEN SPIRITS (Axw-sfxw) IN THE ANCIENT EGYPTIAN RELIGION","authors":"R. A. Sayed","doi":"10.21608/jguaa2.2020.27175.1028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jguaa2.2020.27175.1028","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:This paper deals with an important topic in the ancient Egyptian religion, it is the topic of \"Seven Spirits\". This term has been mentioned repeatedly in multiple written forms in religious texts from Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom, Saite and Late Periods. It seems that these seven deities as creatures or jinn were very important in the doctrine of the dead and their fate in the other world as evidenced by the frequent mention of it in religious texts. These deities are mentioned associated with a number of major deities such as Ra, Osiris, Anubis, Thoth and the four sons of Horus, and they also have a very deep and profound relationship with the deceased and the group of \"Big Dipper\" stars. The texts explicitly disclosed their seven names in detail, and that number was linked to the god Osiris, as they indicated their multiple roles during the deceased's journey in the next world. This study is based on a number of different textual sources.This paper deals with some points in the ancient Egyptian religion: 1- The attempt to explain the term ''Seven Spirits'' in ancient Egyptian religion.2- The various written forms of this term.3- The texts in which the Seven Spirits are mentioned from the Middle, New kingdoms and Late Period.4- The relationship of the Seven Spirits to other deities mentioned in the same texts as: Re, Osiris, Anubis, Thoth, Horus and The four sons of Horus.5- The relationship of the Seven Spirits to the symbolism of the number seven in ancient Egypt and its deep connection with the god Osiris, and their association with the group of stars in the northern sky.6- Their relationship with the deceased in the Underworld. تتناول هذه الورقة البحثیة موضوعا هاما فی الدیانة المصریة القدیمة وهو موضوع \"الأرواح السبعة\"، وقد ذکر هذا المصطلح بصورة متکررة بأشکال کتابیة متعددة فی النصوص الدینیة من عصر الدولة الوسطی والحدیثة والعصر الصاوی والعصر المتأخر. ویبدو أن هذه المعبودات السبعة بإعتبارهم مخلوقات غریبة أو جن کانت علی درجة کبیرة من الأهمیة فی عقیدة الموتی ومصیرهم فی العالم الآخر بدلیل الذکر المتکرر لها فی النصوص الدینیة. ذکرت هذه المعبودات مرتبطة بعدد من المعبودات الکبری مثل رع وأوزیر وأنوبیس وتحوت وأبناء حورس الأربعة وست، کما أن لهم علاقة قویة وعمیقة جدا بالمتوفی ومجموعة نجوم \"الدب الأکبر\" . أفصحت النصوص صراحة عن أسماءهم السبعة بالتفصیل، وارتباط ذلک العدد بالإله أوزیر، کما بینت أدوارهم المتعددة خلال رحلة المتوفی فی العالم الآخر. تستند هذه الدراسة علی عدد من المصادر النصیة المختلفة. هذه الورقة البحثیة تتناول بعض النقاط فی الدیانة المصریة القدیمة: 1- محاولة تفسیر مصطلح الأرواح السبعة فی الدیانة المصریة القدیمة.2- الأشکال الکتابیة المختلفة لهذا المصطلح.3- النصوص التی ورد بها ذکر الأرواح السبعة من عصر الدولة الوسطی والحدیثة والعصر المتأخر.4- علاقة الأرواح السبعة بالمعبودات الأخری الواردة فی نفس النصوص مثل رع وأوزیر وأنوبیس وتحوت وحورس وأبناء حورس الأربعة.5- علاقة الأرواح السبعة برمزیة العدد سبعة فی مصر القدیمة، وارتباطه العمیق بالمعبود أوزیر، وارتباطها أیضا بمجموعة النجوم فی السماء الشمالیة. 6- علاقتهم بالمتوفی فی العالم الآخر.","PeriodicalId":32254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Union of Arab Archaeologists","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80805733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Professions and Hierarchy of Nekhebu","authors":"Ahmed Abdelmoniem","doi":"10.21608/jguaa2.2020.30303.1031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jguaa2.2020.30303.1031","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to examine the titles and professions of an Old Kingdom official particularly a sixth dynasty royal Architect who performed the tasks of his career under the sovereign Pepi I.Mr(i)-PtH-anx-mry-Ra was the full of that official who was also called Nekhebu, his tomb is located in Giza near king cheop’s great pyramid, his father was possibly khnementi the owner of tomb G 2374 but the name of his mother was still unknown.The paper provides a general overview of Nekhebu’s practical life through a detailed analysis of the different and various titles and epithets he held during his long resplendent career, as well as the diverse professions he occupied in the civil Egyptian Administration of the Old Kingdom.Nekhebu was one of the most important civil officials in the sixth dynasty as a whole and particularly in the reign of the monarch Pepi I who executed many projects and expeditions for him.The Author depends in that paper on many scattered sources for Nekhebu’s biography, this is due to the great destruction of his stone built mastaba which led to the cracking of the walls of his mastaba to several too heavy blocks found in a disordered heap of debris.The two main sources for Nekhebu’s biography were found by Reisner in the tomb complex of snDm-ib’s family of the fifth and sixth dynasties at Giza, one of these two main sources is located in the Cairo museum while the other one is located in Boston museum, both texts record many projects that Nekhebu executed to the king, as according to their inscriptions he was responsible for directing four missions for the king Pepi I.The first mission was directing the erection of the ka-mansions of Pepi in Lower Egypt and directing the Administration at the north in “city of Lakes”, in “Akhbit of Horus” and the pyramid of Men-nefer-pepy (the pyramid of king Pepi I), the second mission was in Lower Egypt where he dug a canal between Akhbit and the residence, the third mission was in Upper Egypt as Nekhebu dug a canal in Ḳus while the fourth mission which is recorded in the Cairo text presented his responsibility in directing the works of a pyramid monument in Heliopolis.After every mission Nekhebu executed for the king, he stated the praises and rewards offered to him as a gift from the king in appreciation of his efforts to achieve the mission successfully.In addition to these two main sources there are some blocks from his mastaba preserved now in Boston museum which the author depends on them in the paper.These sources record many different titles for Nekhebu which helped to suggest an accurate topic concerning his promotion and Hierarchy during the reign of Pepi I.The paper examines all the titles and epithets held by Nekhebu from his various inscriptions, the reading of each title and the different opinions suggested by scholars concerning each title’s reading, its transliteration and the translation as well as the functions and natures of each title and the different points of view ","PeriodicalId":32254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Union of Arab Archaeologists","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84720052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Chronology of the Cat King (Pami) according to the Monuments","authors":"Heba Mahmoud","doi":"10.21608/jguaa2.2020.27924.1029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jguaa2.2020.27924.1029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Union of Arab Archaeologists","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79697269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rehabilitation of Domat al-Jandal Archaeological Site","authors":"H. Alshammari","doi":"10.21608/jguaa2.2020.23431.1026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jguaa2.2020.23431.1026","url":null,"abstract":"Domat al-Jandal site contains a wealth of diverse monuments, reflecting the historical depth of the area, as it was a conduit for commercial convoys and a display for many important historical events. Accordingly, this study aims to find appropriate solutions to preserve this significant archeological site, rehabilitate it (1) , and develop it architecturally, culturally and economically, highlighting its cultural features and its historical dimension. Before this, the study begins with a brief overview of Domat al-Jandal site in terms of identifying its location and determining the morphological stages it passed through (its planning, its architectural design, and the architectural uses of its lands). The study attempts to fulfill its objectives and answer the following questions: -What is the current state of the architectural monuments in Domat al-Jandal site? Preserving monuments is a national responsibility to be borne by all, as they are a source of inspiration for great history. Based on the importance of Domat al-Jandal site, is there a way to historically display it? -Is there a way to preserve the remaining monuments from negligence, tampering and removal? Is there an appropriate way to restore and maintain the ruined buildings? In addition, monuments are regarded as an economic source, so is there a possibility for rehabilitating the site within the modern architectural design to become an archaeological center and a touristic attraction, without affecting the old heritage? The historical depth of Domat al-Jandal site, now known as the \"daraa neighborhood\", includes the oldest historical monuments, such as the fortress of Mard that was built before Islam, Omar ibn al-Khattab Mosque of a unique architectural style with its conical minaret, and the old market that is one of the initial markets of Arabs before Islam. For these distinct considerations, is it possible to select daraa neighborhood, transforming Domat alJandal site into a global important heritage site?","PeriodicalId":32254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Union of Arab Archaeologists","volume":"342 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75078948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Concept and Utilization of Swastika ‘Hooked Cross’ on Islamic Artefacts","authors":"Boussy Zidan","doi":"10.21608/jguaa2.2020.18018.1024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jguaa2.2020.18018.1024","url":null,"abstract":"‘Swastika’ is an equilateral hooked cross, it is one of the symbols that became popular to several nations of different cultures since prehistoric times. This symbol was associated, or rather, became symbol for some religious beliefs and spiritual concepts in some ancient civilizations. It has been extensively transmitted among several nations. Such prevalence proves the popularity that hooked cross ‘Swastika’ had attained, however, this caused the difficulty in determining its place of origin. Some historical studies suggested India as ‘Swastika’s’ homeland by the end of the Bronze Age, since it was predominantly a religious symbol of Hindus, Jains, and Buddhists. The spread of Buddhism religion which held the hooked cross ‘swastika’ as a holy symbol, led to the emergence of swastika in China and Japan as symbol of prosperity. However, others, due to some evidences, pointed out to Mesopotamia, land of the oldest known civilization on universe, which later became a cultural center extended from the Near East to Central Europe, and in Asia it had widespread and reached as far east as China. In addition, hooked cross had been contemporary to ancient Egyptian civilization. This had been assured by the discovery of a rock drawing in the western desert of Upper Egypt. In late historical times, precisely, the Byzantine empire, hooked cross was also in use. Furthermore, it was in use in the Coptic art as well. Hooked cross ‘Swastika’ continued to be used in ancient historical eras; contributed in their arts, and till the modern era. In addition, the widespread of ‘Swastika’ resulted in being associated with several terms; Gammadion cross or Crux Gammata, Hakenkreuz, Fylfot (fower foot), Wan in china, Manji in Japan, Tau cross, and Thor’s hammer. In addition, each society used Swastika in a distinct fashion; it sometimes symbolized the Sun, good fortune, fertility, religious beliefs, etc. Through this stretched history, hooked cross’s symbolism had radically changed, especially in the 1st half of the 20th century A.D, after being chosen as symbol for the blossoming Nazi party founded by Adolf Hitler in Germany. Since then, the ‘Swastika’ had been effectively detached from its past, Germanized and reinvented as a symbol of German purity and supremacy. This paper enclosed a briefed history of the hooked cross ‘Swastika’ since its emergence, with stating the diverse thoughts of its place of origin. This is succeeded by the symbolism of the hooked cross ‘Swastika’ and the changes happened lately. The final point is the outline of applying hooked cross ‘Swastika’ in Islamic Art, this is supplemented by some chosen Applied artefacts demonstrating this. This paper aims at:- Illuminating on one of the most unique symbols with differ meanings and argumentative as well. - Focusing on themes of association between different nations on vast areas since very ancient times.- Deducing the Islamic art’s tendency to admitting decorative elements of several cultures, if t","PeriodicalId":32254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Union of Arab Archaeologists","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84661439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Manuscripts of Quran (Through Data of Hijazi Calligraphy and Archaeological Evidence)","authors":"Yasser Ismail Abdel Salam, Adnan Bin Mohammed Al-Harthy","doi":"10.21608/jguaa2.2020.20688.1025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jguaa2.2020.20688.1025","url":null,"abstract":"This research tackled the manuscripts of the early Quran (through the data of Hijazi calligraphy and archaeological evidence), reviewing the spelling phenomena that characterized Quran writing in close relation to the reality of Arabic writing. It also attempted to enlist the characteristics of calligraphy in early Quran copies as influenced by Nabataean script or what might be called early Arabic calligraphy (Hijazi calligraphy), comparing it with early Arabic inscriptions. Moreover, the study identified the relationship between the spelling system used in writing early Quran copies and the one used in early Arabic inscriptions, and attempted to conceive ways of identifying and dating the early Quran manuscripts preserved in regional and international libraries.The study is mainly based on five copies of the Quran manuscripts preserved in international libraries and book houses; namely: The Quran manuscript preserved in Berlin National Library (Berlin Quran), the Quran preserved in Birmingham University Library (Birmingham Quran), Tubingen University Library Quran (Tubingen Quran), the Quran preserved in the National Library in Paris (Paris Quran), and the Quran preserved in the British Library in London (London Quran).This is in addition to a collection of stone inscriptions and early dated papyrus received.The identification of the origin of Arabic calligraphy is significant for researchers of ancient Arabic inscriptions and of the Quran, whether in terms of the manuscripts or the drawings and other related sciences. Such identifications also enables identifying the characteristics of this calligraphy, especially the early ones with which the first Quran was written to explain those sciences and others, and to resolve the debate on the origin of the calligraphy with which the Quran in the era of the Prophet peace be upon him was written and copied in the era of the Caliphs, may Allah be pleased with them all. There are many trends and theories in determining the origin of the Hijazi Arabic calligraphy with which the Quran was written. A researcher of early dated Arabic inscriptions can easily identify a well-established writing system that writers followed, no matter how well that system resulted in conformity between what is written and what is pronounced.The study concluded with a set of findings and recommendations, the most important of which are:- The study proved that the early Quran copies received (samples of study) were copied and written in soft Hijazi calligraphy.- The study and the models of Quran manuscripts used proved the authenticity of the Holy Quran, despite the claims of Orientalists and skeptics.- The study revealed that most of the tithing marks were later on added in the early Quran manuscripts after their copying.- The study proved that among the main criteria that assist in dating the Quran manuscripts, especially the early ones, are their technical standards, as well as the linguistic standards in comparison with the c","PeriodicalId":32254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Union of Arab Archaeologists","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80672078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The God ‘Thoth of Pnubs’ in Ancient Egypt until the End of the Greaco-Roman Period الإله جیحوتى با نبس","authors":"Noha Hany, Mofida Elweshahy","doi":"10.21608/cguaa.2019.55739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cguaa.2019.55739","url":null,"abstract":"This research is entitled as “The God ‘Thoth of Pnubs’ in Ancient Egypt until the End of the Greaco-Roman Period”. Thoth of Pnubs was featured in Egyptian temples only in Lower Nubia: Dakka, Dendur, Kalabsha, and Philae. Thoth of Pnubs was a pure creation of the theologians of Philae as a divinity attached to the south (A Southern Lion), it could be considered as a link between Egypt and the southern countries. It is also suggested that Thoth Pnubs was a theological creation of the priests at Philae. The functions of Thoth as physician and magician help to explain the existence of enormous numbers of amulets in the form of figurines of Thoth which have been found in all parts of Egypt. \u0000  \u0000هذا البحث بعنوان \"الإله جیحوتى با نبس\"فی مصر القدیمة حتى نهایة العصر الیونانى الرومانی\".ظهر جیحوتى با نبس فی المعابد المصریة فقط فی النوبة السفلى:الدکا، دندور، کلابشة ، وفیلة. کان جیحوتى با نبس عبارة عن خلق خالص لعلماء اللاهوت فى فیلة باعتباره ألوهیة مرتبطة بالجنوب (الأسد الجنوبی) ، یمکن اعتباره حلقة وصل بین مصر ودول الجنوب. تساعد مهام جیحوتى با نبس کطبیب وساحر على توضیح وجود أعداد هائلة من التمائم على شکل تماثیل جیحوتى با نبس التی تم العثور علیها فی جمیع أنحاء مصر.      \u0000   یظهر کمنقذ، وحامی من الشر - خصوصا شر المرض. وبوصفه المنقذ الذی یأتی عندما یحدث به الاستدعاء، کان جیحوتى با نبس واحدا من أکثر الآلهة شعبیة، وقد عثر على العدید من التراتیل والصلوات التی وجهها إلیه أفراد من جمیع الطبقات. أعلن تشارلز بونیه فی ورقة قدمت فی المؤتمر الدولی الثالث عشر للدراسات النوبیة أن \"بنوبس\" کان الاسم الذی أطلق على مدینة المملکة الجدیدة التی تأسست فی کرمة - والتی نشأت فی عام 2500 قبل المیلاد، وقد تم تعبد الشجرة المقدسة التی أطلق علیها اسم بنوبس فی کرمة قبل الفتح المصری. هذا یشیر إلى رابطة ألوهیتة مع الأسماء الجغرافیة المعروفة -سواء کانت أمون أو جیحوتى با نبس- قد تم دمجها فیما بعد فی عبادة جیحوتى با نبس فی النوبة؟ \u0000 یشیر الى ان جیحوتى با نبس المنطقة الدینیة القدیمة الدکا ان وجود شجرة النبس المقدسة من هذه النوع فى کان له أصول جنوبیة. \u0000 أهداف البحث: \u0000یهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة وتحلیل الإله جیحوتى با نبس من فی مصر القدیمة حتى نهایة العصرالرومانی خاصة فی المعابد المصریة فی النوبة السفلى. \u0000یهدف إلى جمع التمثیلات المنشورة وغیر المنشورة للإله فی المعابد والمقابر فی مصر من أجل فهم أفضل لأشکاله ووظائفه وألقابه وعلاقته بالآلهة الأخرى. \u0000یهدف أیضا إلى ترکیز الضوء على الدکا کموقع تاریخی. \u0000إطار البحث: إطار البحث هو دراسة فنیة ، لتتبع مشاهد الإله جیحوتى با نبس. \u0000نوع البحث: البحث هو دراسة مشترکة بین الجانبین الوصفی والتحلیلی \u0000بنوبس، سید النوبة.","PeriodicalId":32254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Union of Arab Archaeologists","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84537456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"مشروع المسح الأثری البحری لمنطقة مرسی باجوش The Marsa Bagoush Underwater Archaeological Survey","authors":"Emad Khalil","doi":"10.21608/cguaa.2019.55721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cguaa.2019.55721","url":null,"abstract":"یتناول هذا البحث أحد المشروعات التی تتم حالیا فی مجال الآثار الغارقة فی منطقة مرسی باجوش (50 کم شرق مرسی مطروح) علی الساحل الشمالی الغربی لمصر. وتعتبر مرسی باجوش من المراسی الأثریة التی کانت تأوی إلیها السفن التجاریة فی طریقها من وإلی الإسکندریة لتحتمی من الأنواء وللتزود بالمیاه العذبة. وتشیر الأدلة الأثریة التی اکتشفت فی الموقع إلی أنه کان مستخدما منذ العصر الهللینستی واستمر استخدامه حتی القرن التاسع عشر. ولقد شهدت المنطقة نشاطا ملحوظا خلال العصر الرومانی المبکر. هذا ومنذ عام 2015 یقوم مرکز الآثار البحریة بکلیة الآداب جامعة الإسکندریة بعمل مسح أثری تحت الماء للمنقطة، حیث أسفر البحث عن اکتشاف بقایا لعدة سفن أثریة غارقة تعود إلی عصور مختلفة. من ناحیة أخری تستخدم البعثة فی توثیق الموقع واحد من أحدث التقنیات المستخدمة فی العمل الأثری تحت الماء وهی تقنیة التصویر الفوتوجرامتری ثلاثی الأبعاد. ومن ثم فإن هذا البحث یعرض لأحدث الاکتشافات ولأهم نتائج الدراسة التی تمت فی تلک المنطقة. \u0000Abstract: \u0000   This paper presents one of the main underwater archaeological project that currently takes place at the site of Marsa Bagoush (50km east of Marsa Matruh) along the northwest coast of Egypt. Masra Bagoush is considered one of the ancient anchorages which dates to the Early Roman period. Evidence indicate that it was used by merchant vessels travelling along the northwest coast of Egypt to shelter and obtain supplies of fresh water. \u0000Since 2015, the Alexandria University Centre for Maritime Archaeology and Underwater Cultural Heritage has been conducting an underwater archaeological survey of the site of Marsa Bagoush which resulted in the discovery of the remains of three ancient shipwreck. One the other hand, the project utilizes 3D photogrammetry techniques for recording the site. Hence, the paper will be presenting the results of this ongoing project.","PeriodicalId":32254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Union of Arab Archaeologists","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87942800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"دور المتاحف فی الحفاظ على الهویة الثقافیة فی السودان The role of Museums in Preserving Cultural Identity in the Sudan","authors":"ahmed hussein","doi":"10.21608/cguaa.2019.55717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cguaa.2019.55717","url":null,"abstract":"الملخص: \u0000تلعب المتاحف  دورا مهما فی الحفاظ على الهویة الوطنیة والثقافیة من خلال ما تحتویه من تراث حضاری وثقافی متنوع، ونجد ان متاحف السودان لها دور محوری فی الوحدة الوطنیة وتعزیز الهویة  الثقافیة والحفاظ على المعلومات المتعلقة بالثقافة ونشرها فی عالم شهد تغیرات غیر عادیة سیاسیا واقتصادیا واجتماعیا، ففی أفریقیا الیوم، تدرک البلدان الدور الهام الذی تؤدیه المتاحف فی نشر المعرفة عن التراث الثقافی وإمکاناته فی تعزیز التنوع الثقافی وانهاء الانقسامات الإثنیة، وبما أن المتاحف لها دور مهم فی العلاقات الاجتماعیة، فإنها تلعب دورا رئیسیا فی تشکیل المشهد السیاسی والثقافی المستقبلی لأفریقیا ککل والسودان على وجه الخصوص. وبالتالی، تتناول هذه الورقة المتاحف فی السودان، والحالة الراهنة لها، فضلا عن تنمیتها وتطوبرها. \u0000فالمتاحف هی مؤسسات الحفظ والترمیم والبحث والعرض والتعلیم. وعلى هذا النحو، تعتبر متاحف السودان موضوعا مثیرا للاهتمام وتستحق بحثا مستفیضا، على الرغم من محدودیة البیانات. المتوفرة حولها، وبالتالی یهدف هذا البحث إلى معالجة وإلقاء بعض الضوء على المتاحف السودانیة مع الترکیز على مجموعات المتاحف التاریخیة والأثریة والاثنوغرافیة والطبیعیة والتی تبین أن المتاحف یمکن أن تکون أدوات ثقافیة لتعزیز وحدتنا الوطنیة وتعزیز التفاهم والوعی بالثقافات القدیمة فی السودان، وکذلک تعزیز الروابط مع المؤسسات الدولیة الموازیة، مثل المتاحف الأخرى فی أفریقیا وخارجها، وتتمثل الأهداف الرئیسیة للدراسة فی لفت الانتباه إلى المتاحف السودانیة ودورها الهام فی التعلیم والدراسات الاجتماعیة والمجتمع والبحوث وغیرها، مع تقدیم مقترحات لتطویر المتاحف فی السودان من الوضع الراهن الى وضع متطور وفعال. \u0000Abstract: \u0000Museums aimed at exploring in-depth how museums can help preserve national and cultural identity at the Sudan Museums. The Role of Museums and Cultural Institutions in Strengthening Identity, was inaugurated by which aimed to stimulate meaningful dialogue about how museums can preserve and disseminate information about culture in a world that has seen extraordinary changes politically, economically and socially – largely as a result of globalisation. In Africa today, countries realise the important role museums play in dispersing knowledge about cultural heritage and its potential to promote cultural diversity and to heal ethnic divisions. Since museums have a formulative as well as a reflective role in social relations, they have a major role to play a major part in shaping the future political and cultural landscape of the new Africa.So, this paper addresses the museums in the Sudan, their current situation as well as their development. \u0000 Museums are institutions of conservation, restoration, research, display and education. As such, Museums of the Sudan are an interesting topic and deserve extensive investigation, despite data being very limited. This research aims to address in shedding some light on Sudanese museums with a focus on archaeological, ethnographic and natural history collections, showing that the museums can act as cultural tools, both to reinforce our national unity and to promote understanding and awareness of Sudan's ancient cultures in the Sudan and abroad, and to promo","PeriodicalId":32254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Union of Arab Archaeologists","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81164000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"التعمیر وانماط العیش فی فترة ما قبل التاریخ بمنطقة العالیة (سلقطة، المهدیة، تونس الشرقیة) Reconstruction and lifestyles in the prehistoric period in Al-Aliya(Salqata, Mahdia, Eastern Tunisia)","authors":"Bin Mousa, Sofian Bin Salem","doi":"10.21608/cguaa.2019.55683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cguaa.2019.55683","url":null,"abstract":"الورقة المقدمة هي نتيجة لتدخل أثري (مسح  وسبر أثريين) بمنطقة العالية من ولاية المهدية بالساحل الشرقي التونسي. الدراسة التصنيفية للصناعات الحجرية المجمعة، ترجح بداية التعمير إلى ما بين منتصف الألفية الثامنة وأواخر الألفية السادسة ق.م. رغم بعد المنطقة عن مرکز الحضارة القبصية (قفصة - تبسة) فإن التأثيرات التقنية لهذه الحضارة بقيت قوية على مستوى الصناعات الحجرية سواء فيما يتعلق بأصناف الأدوات المستعملة، مصادر الحجارة الصوانية  و التقنيات الحرفية. رغم وجود مؤشرات بداية التدجين (الماعز) فان نمط العيش الغالب بقي معتمدا على الترحل و الانتجاع دون الاستقرار وهو ما يعکسه سمک الطبقة الاثرية واستهلاک الرخويات الفصلية (ربيع - صيف). الوسط الطبيعي و المعطيات المناخية زمن فترة تعمير موقع رمادية العالية مختلفة عما هي عليه اليوم. حيث يبدو ان المناخ کان وقتها اقرب الى المناخ المداري أو شبه المداري وهو ما تعکسه نوعية الحيوانات البرية المستهلکة واصداف الرخويات الموجودة قرب السبخة الحالية (البحيرة القديمة). The present paper is the outcome of an archaeological investigation (field survey and archaeological survey) in the region of Al-Alia in the governorate of Mahdia, in the eastern coast of Tunisia. The typological flint stone study shows that the settlement began between the middle of the eight millenary and the end of the sixth millenary B.C. Despite the distance between this region of Al-Alia and the Centre of the Capsian civilisation (Gafsa-Tebessa), the technical influences of this civilisation were still strong at the level of flint stone industry whether concerning the types of tools, the sources of the flint stones, or handy craft techniques. In spite of the existence of some signs of the beginning of animal domestication (goats), the dominant way of life was still based of nomadism without sedentarily, a fact that is show in the thickness of the archaeological layers, and the consumption of seasonal molluscs (spring-summer). The environment and the climate of that period during the occupation of the Al-Alia rammadiya are different from what they are today. The climate seems to be closer to the tropical or subtropical, which is reflected in the bones of wild animal species consumed and the shell fish found in the Sebkha (The old lake).","PeriodicalId":32254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Union of Arab Archaeologists","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90828589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}