Research Handbook on Political Representation最新文献

Electoral systems and representation 选举制度和代表制

Research Handbook on Political Representation Pub Date : 2020-12-08 DOI: 10.4337/9781788977098.00021

Alessandro Chiaramonte

引用次数: 0

Policy responsiveness and democratic quality 政策响应和民主质量

Research Handbook on Political Representation Pub Date : 2020-12-08 DOI: 10.4337/9781788977098.00010

Leonardo Morlino

引用次数: 0

Political representation: concepts, theories and practices in historical perspective 政治代表:历史视野中的概念、理论与实践

Research Handbook on Political Representation Pub Date : 2020-12-08 DOI: 10.4337/9781788977098.00007

Federico Russo, Maurizio Cotta

{"title":"Political representation: concepts, theories and practices in historical perspective","authors":"Federico Russo, Maurizio Cotta","doi":"10.4337/9781788977098.00007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788977098.00007","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of representation is, without doubt, at the centre of what can be termed the most important political invention of the last two centuries, that is to say, liberal democracy. As such, it has animated vigorous theoretical and normative debates, has been used as a powerful flag in crucial political struggles (such as those for the extension of suffrage, or today for gender equality) and has inspired fundamental institutional arrangements at national, sub-national and also supra-national level. As a synthetic metaphor for delicate and complex political relations between rulers and the ruled it is a fundamentally polysemic and evocative rather than empirically analytic concept. It is not a surprise, therefore, that its meaning(s) have been highly debated throughout its history, which began well before the breakthrough of contemporary democracy. We will therefore start by briefly tracing ‘pre-democracy’ discussions on political representation, move to the issue of the relationship between representation and contemporary democracy and then devote our attention to how the debate on political representation has been influenced by the seminal work of Hanna Pitkin (1967). Next, we will discuss how her account has been discussed with regard to several dimensions, such as the direction of the relationship between represented and representatives, the proper object of representation, the normative criteria for evaluating representation and the context in which political representation takes place.","PeriodicalId":322094,"journal":{"name":"Research Handbook on Political Representation","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117272196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The fulfilment of election pledges 履行选举承诺

Research Handbook on Political Representation Pub Date : 2007-11-06 DOI: 10.1057/9780230597990_2

R. Costello, R. Thomson

引用次数: 3

Electoral quotas and group representation 选举配额和团体代表权

Research Handbook on Political Representation Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4337/9781788977098.00024

M. L. Krook

{"title":"Electoral quotas and group representation","authors":"M. L. Krook","doi":"10.4337/9781788977098.00024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788977098.00024","url":null,"abstract":"Academic and policy debates around the world increasingly recognize the importance of descriptive representation, observing that a variety of groups are under-represented in the electoral process in relation to their share of the general population. In a growing number of countries, these discussions have resulted in the introduction of quotas to encourage or guarantee the participation of selected groups. The vast majority of these measures address women’s representation, with political parties and national parliaments in more than 130 states mandating the greater inclusion of women as political candidates and/or elected officials. Policies for other groups – based on language, religion, ethnicity, nationality, race, caste, age, expatriation, profession and disability – exist in approximately 40 countries (Krook and O’Brien 2010). This chapter provides an introduction to group-based quotas and their impact on dynamics of political representation. The first section maps these measures globally, outlining key variations in their design and the contexts in which they have been adopted. The second section identifies three normative dilemmas raised by quotas related to questions of equality, democracy and group recognition. The next four sections review the state of existing research on quotas and the four dimensions of representation theorized by Pitkin (1967): formalistic, descriptive, substantive and symbolic. Based on this review, the final section charts new frontiers in quota research. As most of the current literature focuses on gender quotas, the discussion highlights the need for more studies on the adoption and impact of quotas for other groups. It also points to the importance of further research on the intersectional effects of quotas, in order to better understand how quotas may mitigate or exacerbate other group-based inequalities.","PeriodicalId":322094,"journal":{"name":"Research Handbook on Political Representation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129746231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Technocratic representation 专家表示

Research Handbook on Political Representation Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4337/9781788977098.00018

Daniele Caramani

引用次数: 0

CONCEPTUAL AND THEORETICAL DISCUSSIONS 概念和理论讨论

Research Handbook on Political Representation Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4337/9781788977098.00006

引用次数: 0

HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY MODELS OF POLITICAL REPRESENTATION 政治代表的历史和当代模式

Research Handbook on Political Representation Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4337/9781788977098.00013

引用次数: 0

General introduction to the Research Handbook on Political Representation 《政治代表研究手册》简介

Research Handbook on Political Representation Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4337/9781788977098.00005

Maurizio Cotta, Federico Russo

{"title":"General introduction to the Research Handbook on Political Representation","authors":"Maurizio Cotta, Federico Russo","doi":"10.4337/9781788977098.00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788977098.00005","url":null,"abstract":"The contemporary model of democracy, one of the historically most relevant inventions in the field of ‘political technology’, originally conceived and developed during the last two centuries in Europe and in its external projections (such as the United States) and then diffused in different parts of the world, has at its centre the idea of representation and the crafting of institutions to translate this into practice. The representative qualifier has thus come to be strictly associated with the noun ‘democracy’ to define the new model of representative democracy. This development, which has significantly contributed to shaping the politics of a large part of the world, is both the result of passionate ideological and philosophical debates and of very concrete and often dramatic political struggles, as well as of often contested institutional choices. The two dimensions, ideational and practical, have been closely intertwined, though sometimes conflicting. Theories of democracy and representation have inspired political struggles and institutional choices, but they have also been used to criticize the latter as insufficient or misdirected. In turn, practical choices have sometimes been guided more by expediency and compromises among political actors than by full attention to principles. In the context of contemporary democracy, representation has thus obtained the position of the central and powerful metaphor used to address the oldest and most crucial problem of politics: how to normatively prescribe, practically organize and empirically describe the asymmetric and dangerous relationship between rulers and ruled. The solution offered by representation to this problem is seen as providing what is today (at least in principle) the predominant source of authorization and legitimation for the rulers (they can rule because they represent the sovereign people). It is also seen as the instrument that enables influence and control over those who detain power by those who do not wield direct power, and ensures that those who rule can be called to respond to the demands of those who are ruled, and in some way held to account. When discussing the concept of political representation and its ramifications, we must therefore remember they are the result of extensive theoretical, political and institutional elaborations and of the enormous quantity of practices which have taken place over two centuries and more, first in a limited number, then in a multitude of countries. Stretching over time and across countries, the ideas and realities of representation have been challenged and contaminated by a huge variety of socio-political realities. Large or small communities, territorially homogeneous or heterogeneous countries, egalitarian or highly unequal societies, the presence or absence of ethnic minorities, the politicization or non-politicization of gender differences, the rise of parties with their variable organizational forms, the activation of social and po","PeriodicalId":322094,"journal":{"name":"Research Handbook on Political Representation","volume":"214 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115506554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Democracy and representation 民主与代表制

Research Handbook on Political Representation Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4337/9781788977098.00009

Mark B. Brown

引用次数: 0