Nigeria Journal of Entomology最新文献

{"title":"Toxicity of Smoke from Pelletized Leaf Powder and Essential Oil of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit (Wild Spikenard) Against Anopheles gambiae (Giles, 1902) (Diptera; Culicidae).","authors":"K. O. Ajelara, A. Denloye, A. O. Alafia, K. Awusinu, A. A. Bajulaiye, W. Muse","doi":"10.36108/NJE/8102/43(0170)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/NJE/8102/43(0170)","url":null,"abstract":"Mosquitoes are the most important single group of insect vectors of the causative parasites of several diseases including malaria, dengue and filariasis for which cheap, safe, locally available and environmentally benign control measures are being sought. This study aimed at determining the toxicity of smoke from pelletized leaf powder and essential oil of Hyptis suaveolens (L) against third instar larvae and 0-2 day old adult Anopheles gambiae respectively in the laboratory. Test larvae were exposed to various concentrations ranging from 0ppm (control) through 50 to 500ppm of leaf essential oil at ambient laboratory temperature (25±1C) in standard bioassay for 96 hrs using Complete Randomized Block Design. Larval mortality was recorded at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of exposure. For exposure to pellets, 0-2 day old adult test insects were exposed to smoke from smoldering pellets having concentrations: 0% (Control), 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% in glass fumigation chamber where the test smoke and insects were contained. Data from quantal responses were subjected to Probit analyses for determination of lethal concentration values. Results showed that essential oil and smoke from smoldering pellet were toxic to both larvae and adults at all concentrations respectively. The computed 24 hr-LC 50 of test essential oil against larvae is 1448 ppm; 48 hr-LC 50 551.47 ppm, 72 hrs LC 50 is 187.43 ppm and 96 hours LC 50 is 142.10 ppm, respectively. The insecticidal pellet LC 50 at 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes values were 107.79%, 69.56%, 31.27% and 22.15%, respectively. The results show that H. suaveolens could be exploited as a plant based insecticide for the control of Anopheles mosquitoes and suggests the need for further work including field studies.","PeriodicalId":321932,"journal":{"name":"Nigeria Journal of Entomology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125661034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Susceptibility of Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 (Diptera; Culicidae) to Cyfluthrin, Propoxur and Malathion in the Sudan Savanna, North Eastern Nigeria\"","authors":"K. P. Yoriyo, I. M. Samdi, B. B. Wanah, E. A. Edward, S. Kela","doi":"10.36108/nje/8102/43(0130)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/8102/43(0130)","url":null,"abstract":"The susceptibility of Adult female Culex quinquefasciatus to test papers impregnated with 0.15% Cyfluthrin, 0.1% Propoxur and 5% Malathion was assessed using the standard World Health Organization (WHO) protocol insecticide susceptibility test kits and impregnated papers recommended for Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS). Mortality of Culex quinquefasciatus recorded 24 hrs post exposure indicated 100% susceptibility to all the 3 insecticides. Results obtained indicate that knockdown of Culex quinquefasciatus was related to the duration of exposure indicated by the following equations for each of the insecticides: 0.1%Propoxur Y= -7.7+5.70X, 0.15% Cyfluthrin Y = -4+3.32X and 5%Malathion Y= -5.8+4.30X. The Predicted KDT 50 and KDT 95 were for 0.1% Propoxur, KDT 50 20.9 mins and KDT 95 30.2 mins , 0.15% Cyfluthrin KDT 50 12.7 mins and KDT 95 18.1 mins, 5% Malathion KDT 50 15.7 mins & KDT 95 22.8 mins. All the three insecticides had knockdown times below 1 hr. However the knockdown time of 0.15%Cyfluthrin was clearly lower than each of the other test insecticides. These baseline results are of use in Gombe State in the current control efforts of disease vectors by the Federal Ministry of Health of Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":321932,"journal":{"name":"Nigeria Journal of Entomology","volume":"374 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123245379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Termiticidal efficacy of extracts of two indigenous plants against Macrotermes subhyalinus Rambur (Blattodea: Termitidae)","authors":"O. Ajayi, W. Adedara, E. Oyeniyi","doi":"10.36108/nje/8102/43(0121)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/8102/43(0121)","url":null,"abstract":"The termiticidal potentials of methanol, n-hexane, acetone and water extracts of heart wood of Milicia excelsa (Welw.) C. Berg and leaves of Khaya senegalensis (Desr) and their botanical mixture against Macrotermes subhyalinus (Rambur) attacking Triplochiton scleroxylon (Obeche) wood blocks were evaluated in this study. The trial lasted for 12 weeks in open field and under shade conditions. Visual rating and weight loss determination were used to assess the level of termite damage on treated wood blocks. Treated wood blocks in the open field were comparatively less infested than those under shade. Botanical mixture extracted with n-hexane protected the wood blocks better than all of methanol, acetone and aqueous extracts. Also, treated wood blocks in open fields had lower percentage weight loss to termite compared to those under shade. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of thirty-four and fourty-four compounds in M. excelsa and K. senegalensis, respectively. Milicia excelsa, however, contains more toxic compounds [Butylated Hydroxyl toluene (BHT), Docosane, Tridecane, Cyclohexane and Citra] than K. senegalensis (Cyclohexane and Cucubene). Milicia excelsa could, therefore, be touted as a better wood protectant than K. senegalensis, especially in the open field. The mixture of n-hexane extract of both plants was more potent at protecting the wood blocks for three months duration. Various insecticidal compounds identified in each plant could also be adopted as eco-friendly termiticidal agents for managing subterranean termites.","PeriodicalId":321932,"journal":{"name":"Nigeria Journal of Entomology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130979419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Sowing Dates, Intra-row Spacings and Pesticides on Maruca vitrata (Fab.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Damage on Cowpea in Samaru, Northern Guinea Savanna","authors":"A. Muhammad, A. M. Malgwi, H. Nahunnaro","doi":"10.36108/NJE/8102/43(0101)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/NJE/8102/43(0101)","url":null,"abstract":"A field trial was conducted during the 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons in Samaru northern Guinea savanna agro-ecological zone, at the Teaching and Research Farm, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University (IAR/ABU) Zaria, Nigeria. The objective of the research was to test the effect of sowing dates, intra-row spacings and biopesticides in the control of cowpea pod-borer, Maruca vitrata (Fabricius). The experiment was laid out in split-split plot design with sowing dates allocated to the main plot, intra-row spacings to the sub-plot and pesticides allocated to the sub-sub-plot. The treatments were randomized and replicated three times. Data collected on numbers of flower and pod damage were subjected to the analysis of variance and significant means were separated using LSD at 5%. The result at 10 WAS showed that varying sowing dates significantly (P .01) reduced percentage flower damaged by M. vitrata. Lower damage was recorded in SD3 (5.56, 5.00 and 5.28) while SD2 recorded the highest damage (11.94, 12.22 and 12.08) during 2015 and 2016 cropping season and the combine. The result of interaction of SD3 and MaviMNPV gave the least flower damage (5.00). MaviMNPV treated plots reduced percentage flower damage (7.04, 6.30 and 6.67) at (P .05) but was not significantly better than NKE (9.82, 6.67 and 8.24) and Cyper diforce (7.41, 10.74 and 9.07) which were statistically at par but lower than the control (11.11, 16.68 and 13.89). The interaction of SD3 and Cyper diforce produce the least pod damage (6.67). Also delaying sowing date to SD3 was observed to significantly reduce percentage cowpea pod damage by M. vitrata at 10 WAS (15.28, 6.67 and 10.97) than the other SDs. Similarly, plots treated with Cyper diforce significantly (P .01) observed lowest pod damage (15.37, 9.26 and 12.32) than NKE and MaviMNPV. The control recorded significantly higher pod damage in both years (9.82, 5.19 and 7.50). Cyper diforce treated plots gave the highest yield of 394.56, 887.69 and 976.51 kg ha during 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons and combine but was statistically similar (P .01) with NKE and MaviMNPV. The interaction of SD2 and Cyper diforce gave the highest grain yield (1673.45 kg ha). The effect of sowing cowpea on 11th August (SD2) and Cyper diforce application will give a better control of M. vitrata for an increased yield of cowpea in the study area.","PeriodicalId":321932,"journal":{"name":"Nigeria Journal of Entomology","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126561863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Pod Borer Helicoverpa armigera Hubner) on Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.: Using Plant Density and Planting Dates for Increased Yield in Owerri. Nigeria","authors":"S. Dialoke, S. Emosairue, S. Akparobi, Luke Chinaru Nwosu, K. Ogbedeh, C. Onyirioha, E. O. Echerobia","doi":"10.36108/nje/7102/33(0101)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/7102/33(0101)","url":null,"abstract":": The potential of manipulating planting dates and plant spatial arrangement for management of the pod borers iHelicoverpa armigera Hubner) in early maturing pigeonpea (Cojanus cajan (L) Millsp) eultivar for increased yield was evaluated in a field study carried out in the Postgraduate Teaching and Research Farm, Department of Crop Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State in 2009 and 20 1 O. The experiment was laid out ina randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement ofthree planting dates (April 7, early-season cropping, July 7, mid-season cropping, and October 7, late-season cropping) and four plant spatial arrangement (15 cm x 35 em; 20 em x 40 em; 25 cm x 50 ern: 30 em x 60 em giving densities of 190,474; 125,000; 80,000; 55,556 plants ha' respectively). The treatments were replicated three times. H armigera larvae sighted from twelve plants from the three middle rows of each plot between 0630 and 0800 hours, during the podding stage were counted for assessment of larval population. The proportion of damaged pod/seed was weighed and the weight expressed as a percentage of the weight of the IOu-pod/sced sample. The results showed that pigeonpea planted at higher plant density of 190,474 plants ha' had higher population of H armigera and also recorded significant (p<0.05) pod and seed damage resulting in low values of seed yield (147.90 kg ha') in 2009 and (168.80 kg ha') in 20 I 0, when compared with pigeonpea planted at lower density of 55,556 plantsha' with seed yield (223.33 kg ha') in 2009, and (268.83 kg ha') in 20 IO. Plots planted in April gave the highest pod (444.00 kg ha'); and seed (295.00 kg ha') yield in 2009. The respective pod and seed yield values in 2010 were 328.40 kg ha' and 287.90 kg ha'. October planting had poor pod (64.00 kg ha'; seed yield 57.50 kg ha' in 2009 and pod/seed yield of60.40 kg ha'; 56.60 kg ha 'respectively in 20 10. Pod borer infestation was lowest in July planted plots and consequently pod and seed yields, 526.00 kg ha I and 353.20 kg ha'. respectively in 2009; and 499.50 kg ha I and 36X.00 kg ha I. respectively in 20 IO. and has higher compared to other planting dates. Therefore, tor increased yield of early maturing pigconpca that may ensure food security. July planting season with minimal H. annigcra loads should be adopted inOwcrri. Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":321932,"journal":{"name":"Nigeria Journal of Entomology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128669904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}